2021屆高考英語高頻閱讀詞組+練習(xí)（二十三）

2021屆高考英語高頻閱讀詞組+練習(xí)（二十三）

一：詞組梳理

1.setin設(shè)置（小說戲劇等）背景于……

2.setforth陳述，提出

3.inthepositionof處在…位置上

4.inpractice實(shí)際上（狀語）；業(yè)務(wù)熟練（表語）

5.be（get）outofpractice荒疏，不熟練

6.bring（put）…intopractice使…成為現(xiàn)實(shí)

7.prefer,?to?,?（chooserather,likebetter）寧要，更喜歡

8.prepai-eforbreakfast準(zhǔn)備吃早飯preparebreakfast作早飯

9.inthepresenceof在…在場的情況下

10.forthepresent（=forthetimebeing,fornow）暫且，就現(xiàn)在來說；at

present現(xiàn)在，止匕亥U

11.presideoverat主持（會議，業(yè)務(wù)等）

12.prevailover占優(yōu)勢，壓倒，戰(zhàn)勝

13.seeabout負(fù)責(zé)處理（弄到、安排）

14.seeafter=lookafter照顧

15.seethrough看穿,識破

16.seetoo注意，照料，負(fù)責(zé)，修理

17.prohibit,,,from（=forbid）禁止，阻止

18.inproportionto與…成比例

19.protect,--from阻止...不受，保護(hù)不受

20.sendaway把...打發(fā)走

21.sendfor派人去請（醫(yī)生什么的）

22.sendout派遣，發(fā)出（光亮等）

23.prevent,"from使…不，防止…做

24.previousto（=priorto）在…之前

25.takepridein（=prideoneselfon）以???自豪

26.prideoneselfonupon以???自豪

27.inprinciple(=onlyinregardtothemainidea)原貝1J上

28.priorto(=befbre)在??,之前

29.inprivate(=privately)私下，秘密地inpublic公開地

30.showoff炫耀

31.showup暴露，露面

32.stand

33.standby和...一起，堅(jiān)持、支持

34.standfor代表

35.standup起立,(觀點(diǎn)等)站得住腳

36.proceedfrom(=arisefrom,resultfrom)由…發(fā)出由…引起(產(chǎn)生)

37.proceedwith(=beginandcontinuesth.)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

38.inprogress(二inthestateofbedone)進(jìn)彳亍中

39.beproudof為??,自豪

40.providefor為…做準(zhǔn)備

41.setoff動身出發(fā)，引起

42.setout出發(fā)(todo)

43.setup創(chuàng)立

44.sendup發(fā)射(火箭等)

45.sendoff寄出,派遣;給...送行，郵寄

46.setabout著手干

47.setaside存蓄，留出

48.setdown放下

49.show*in帶...進(jìn)來

50.satndout顯眼，引人注目

二：習(xí)題訓(xùn)練

(A)

“Whileanimalscan'tpickoutprecisenumbers,theycanunderstandthatmoreismore.

Interestingly,weknownowthatnumerical（數(shù)值的）competenceispresentonalmosteverybranch

oftheanimaltreeoflife,saysAndreasNieder,aneurobiologistfromtheUniversityofTuebingen.

"Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait（特點(diǎn)）independentlyfromothersand

thatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”

Honeybees,forinstance,canrememberthenumberoflandmarkstheypasswhensearchingfor

foodinordertofindtheirwaybacktothehive.Thelastcommonancestorbetweenhoneybeesand

primateslivedabout600millionyearsago.Butstill,theyevolvednumericalcompetencethat,in

manyrespects,iscomparabletovertebrate（脊椎動物的）numericalcompetence.Also,forexample,

malefrogssing“advertisement"callstoattractfemales.Thefemales,listeningforthecomplexityof

theircalls,choosethemalethatsingsthemostcalls.

Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheir

packforthesizeoftheirprey（獵物）:Withpreylikedeer,onlyaroundsixtoeightwolvesare

needed,whilehuntingwildoxrequiresapackofninetothirteen.Theirpreyalsousesthisconceptto

protectthemselvesfrompredators—deertendtoliveinlargeherdstoreducethechanceofany

individualbecomingprey.Soobviouslytheyareassessingthenumberofindividualsintheirgroups

fortheireverydaylifesituations.

Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals,thissubjecthasnotgotten

manyfirst-handstudies."Manyofthesebehavioralfindingsinthewildhaveusuallybeencollected

asby-productsoraccidentalfindingsofotherresearchquestions,saysNieder.Hearguesthatmore

researchneedstobedonetofullyunderstandthenumericalcompetence.

1.Thephenomenonofanimalshavingtheirownnumericalcompetenceshowsthat.

A.allgroupsofanimalsarerelatedinsomeways

B.numericalcompetencemusthaveasurvivalbenefit

C.theintelligenceofanimalsvarieswithdifferentenvironments

D.animals9numericalcompetenceisdeterminedbytheiradaptability

2.Whatroledoesnumericalcompetenceplayinwolves5hunting?

A.Ithelpsthemformhuntinggroups.

B.Itgivesthemmoreoptionstohunt.

C.Itmakesthemdiscovermoreprey.

D.Itoffersthemnewskillstohunt.

3.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthistext?

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byaskingquestions.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Atravelbrochure.D.Aresearchpaper.

(B)

DeoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersfbrChineseNewYear

ChineseNewYearisa1(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe

beginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers2(carry)special

significance.Theyrepresenttheearth3(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornew

beginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:

Oranges:Orangetreesaremore4decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand

wealth.Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes5(decorate)withred

envelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo“plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheir

homesandoffice.6(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplants

areassociated7health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy8(care)for

andmakegreatpresents.

BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花)：The9(beauty)longbranchescoveredwith

pink-coloredbuds(蔣蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare10firstto

flowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewalof

life.

答案及解析

A

【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D

【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文講述最近一項(xiàng)研究，動物不僅具有理解數(shù)字的能力，而且這

一能力還對它們的日常生活有著巨大的影響。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait

（特點(diǎn)）independentlyfromothersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”

以及第二段列舉的例子可知，不同的動物群體明顯地獨(dú)立于其他動物發(fā)展出這種特殊的數(shù)字

能力，這強(qiáng)烈地表明它必須具有適應(yīng)性價(jià)值。由此可推知，動物具有的數(shù)字能力是為了生存

需要。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavethe

rightnumberofwolvesintheirpackforthesizeoftheirprey（獵物）:Withpreylikedeer,only

aroundsixtoeightwolvesareneeded,whilehuntingwildoxrequiresapackofninetothirteen.”

可知，如果狼群中狼群的數(shù)量與獵物的大小相符，狼更有可能成功捕食:像鹿這樣的獵物，

只需耍大約6到8只狼，而捕獵野牛則需要9到13只狼群。由此可知，數(shù)字能力在狼的狩

獵中能幫助它們形成狩獵群體。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Honeybees,forinstance...;Also,forexample,malefrogssing

“advertisement“callstoattract{females.;第三段Wolvesaremore…和deertendtoliveinlarge

herds…可知，文章中作者是通過列舉honeybees,frogs,wolves,deer這些例子來說明的。故選

Co

4.推理判斷題。閱讀文章，并根據(jù)最后一段Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumerical

competenceinanimals,thissubjecthasnotgottenmanyfirst-handstudies.可知，本文講述最近

一項(xiàng)研究，動物不僅具有理解數(shù)字的能力，而且這一能力還對它們的日常生活有著巨大的影

響，所以本文應(yīng)該選自一篇研究論文。故選D。

B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用一些植物、水果和鮮花裝飾中國新年的寓意。

L考查名詞。句意：中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接名

詞形式。故填celebration。

2.考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。

這是一個表語從句，從句主語為動名詞短語decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers,所以謂

語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carri