2024版新教材高考英語(yǔ)全程一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)20Unit2OnwardsandUpwards外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

課時(shí)作業(yè)(二十)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit2OnwardsandupwardsⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·山東省濰坊市一模]Thirty-fiveyearsago,withjustoneacreofland,acoupleofseedsandabucketofhope,oneNigerian-bornscientistbeganhismissiontodefeatfamine(饑荒)onhiscontinent.NewsofthedroughtacrossAfricaintheearly1980stroubledNzamujo.EquippedwithamicrobiologyPhDandhisfaith,hetravelledbacktoAfrica.There,hefoundacontinentecologicallyrich,diverseandcapableofproducingfood.Hebelievesdroughtwasn'ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout.Nzamujobegandesigninga“zerowaste”agriculturesystemthatwouldnotonlyincreasefoodsecurity,butalsohelptheenvironmentandcreatejobs.In1985,hestartedhissustainablefarm“Songhai”intheWestAfricancountryofBenin.Nzamajolivesonthefarmandconstantlyupdateshistechniques.HecreditshisdegreesinscienceandengineeringforSonghai'ssuccess.Buthealsothankshisspiritualandculturalroots,andhisfather—adrivingforceinhislifewhoencouragedhimtopursuehisstudiestothehighestdegreeandtouseSonghaitosharehisknowledge.Songhaihasseveral“eco-literacy”developmentprograms.Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.PeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyNzamujo'smethods.Afterseeingsuccessonhisfirstzerowastefarm,heexpandedthroughoutBeninandwesternAfrica.Today,theSonghaimodelisappliedacrossthecontinent,includingNigena,Uganda,SierraLeoneandLiberia.Nzamujosaysthey'vetrainedmorethan7，000farmer-enterprisersandmorethan30，000peopleintotalsinceitbegan.Nzamujobelieveszerowasteagricultureisnowsteadilytacklingtheissueshesetouttodefeat:hunger,unemploymentandenvironmentaldeclines.Andhewantstoseeitgofurther.1．WhichfactorrelatedtofaminewasunnoticedinNzamujo'seyes?A．Poorsoil.B．Watershortage.C．Lackofresources.D．Unsustainability.2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3?A．Introduceasolution.B．Giveexamplestothereaders.C．Addsomebackgroundinformation.D．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.3．HowdoesSonghaihelptoeasetheproblemoffamine?A．Byofferingland.B．Bytradingseeds.C．Byeducatingfarmers.D．Bysellingtechnology.4．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNzamujo?A．Criticalandcareful.B．Learnedandresponsible.C．Optimisticandgenerous.D．Considerateandambitious.B[2023·廣東省高三第二次月考]TheruinsofahugeMayacityhavebeendiscoveredinGuatemalawiththehelpoftheremotesensingtechniqueLiDAR,accordingtotheNationalGeographiconThursday.ThisbreakthroughwaspossiblethankstoLiDARsensors,whichcansurveylandscapesin3Dbyreflectinglaserpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers.LiDARisexceptionallyusefulfordetectingarcheologicalsites(考古遺址),asitgetsthroughjunglesandotherfeaturesthatholdupexplorationontheground.Thetechniquehasbeentheactivator(催化劑)ofmanydiscoveriesinrecentyears.Forinstance,majorfindsatAngkor,CambodiaandCaracol,Belizecanexplainwhatitdid.ThislargelostcityenvelopssiteslikeTikal,Holmul,andWitzna—knownfortheirtemplesandpyramids—butshowsthatthesefamousheritageareasarethetipoftheicebergofthislosturbannetwork.HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60，000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard—havebeenidentifiedbyaninternationalcooperationofresearchersheadedbythePACUNAMFoundation,aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaempire.Theseancientpeoplesobviouslyestablishedtheseimaginativeculturesbasedontheirknownrelics,butthenewresearchhasshownthatthescaleofthislostsocietyisfarbeyondwhatexpertshadimagined.Thefindingswillbeexploredinanhour-longdocumentarycalledLostTreasuresoftheMayaSnakeKings,premiering(首映)onTuesday,February6ontheNationalGeographicChannel.“Thereareentirecitieswedidn'tknowaboutnowshowingupinthesurveydata，”saidFranciscoBelli,oneoftheleadarcheologistsontheproject.“Thereare20，000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiestherethatwedon'tknowabout,andwewillpushthefrontiers，”headded.5．WhatcanweknowaboutLiDAR?A．It'sabreakthroughinarcheology.B．It'smajorequipmentinairforces.C．ItwasfirstusedindiscoveringaMayacity.D.It'saremotesensingtechniqueusinglaserpulses.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Those”inParagraph4referto?A．ThejunglesoftheReserve.B．TheoutlinesoftheMayaempire.C．Theresearchersoftheorganization.D．Theman-madeprojectsoftheReserve.7．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheMayaempire?A．Famousanddangerous.B．Vastandhighlydeveloped.C．Mountainousandaggressive.D．Enormousandtraditional.8．Whatdoarcheologistshopetodonext?A．RestudythehistoryofMaya.B．UsetheLiDARsensorsasusual.C．Continuetoexploretheunknown.D．Studythedocumentarymorecarefully.[答題區(qū)]題號(hào)12345678答案Ⅱ.七選五[2023·四川省涼山州第三次診斷]Wearesurroundedbymessagestryingtogetourattention.Advertisers,politiciansandothergroupsalltrytogetustoagreewiththem.__1__.Propaganda(宣傳)isnotalwaysabadthing,butitoftenhidesthetruthaboutatopic.It'sverysimilartoadvertising,whosegoalistogetpeopletobuysomething,whilepropagandaistochangewhatpeoplebelieve.Propagandatechniques：Tocreatepropaganda,acommontechniqueisname-calling.Apoliticianmightcallsomeoneatraitororliar,whichmakestheotherpersonlookbad.Anotheristhetrendtechnique.Peoplewanttobeonthesideinthefavor.Theymightjoinsomeonewhoclaimstobepopularorwinning.Somepropagandaisbasedonfear.__2__Thismightnotbebad.Anti-smokingcampaignsareoneexample.Theymayscarepeopleintothinkingthatiftheysmoke,theywillgetcancer.Propagandamedia：Propagandaisusedbymanygroups,suchasbusinesses,politiciansandthegovernment.__3__TheInternetmakesiteasytosendmessagestothewholeworld.Typesofpropaganda：Politicalpropagandahasbeenaroundaslongastherehavebeenpoliticians.__4__Peoplehaveuseditformanyyears.WarpropagandabeganduringWorldWarⅠ，morethan100yearsago.Toseeifpropagandaissayingthetruth,peopleneedtodoextrawork.Forexample,adsmightalwayssoundliketheyaretrue.Butbeforeyoubelievethem,trytothinkaboutwhocreatedandpaidforthem.Findoutwhytheydidit.__5__A．Anotherwordforthisispropaganda.B．Propagandaisawiselyusedmedium.C．Then,youcandecideiftheyarehonestornot.D．Somostpeoplewillagreewiththesepoliticians.E．Itisspreadthroughposters,televisionandradio.F.Itscarespeopleintochoosingacertainsideortakingaction.G．However,religiouspropagandawasactuallythefirstofficialone.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空[2023·山東省高三年級(jí)摸底考試]Verticalgardeningisn'tnew,butanexamplefromIndiashowshowthisinventivetechniqueis1.________(true)changinglives.TheMehrafamilyfromAmritsarwerelocallyhotnewslastJunewhentheyshowedofftheverticalgarden2.________theyhadcreatedattheirhome.Thefamilyusedover175，000plasticbottlestocreate3.________garden,fixingthebottlestotheoutsidewallsoftheirhomeandfillingthemwith4.________(variety)ofplants.Theplantsareirrigatedby5.________(use)asimpledripsystem(滴灌系統(tǒng))andamazingly,thishasloweredthetemperatureoftheirhomebynearlyacoolfivedegreesCelsius.Theideacaughtonquickly.Manylocalschoolsnowhavegreenverticalgardensontheirwalls,6.________sodoesPunjabAgricultureUniversity,andevenLudhianarailwaystation,thefirststationinIndia7.________(adopt)thisinitiative.Therailwaynotesthattheplantsnotonlycoolthestation,butalsohelpabsorbthenoise,andseemtohaveacalmingandantilitteringeffect8.________travelers.Moreover,everyverticalgarden9.________(create)thiswayisrecyclingplasticwhichwouldotherwisebeapollutant,activelyreducinglocal10.________(pollute)．[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________課時(shí)作業(yè)(二十)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了學(xué)識(shí)淵博且有責(zé)任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，設(shè)計(jì)“零浪費(fèi)”農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，創(chuàng)立“松?！鞭r(nóng)場(chǎng)，幫助那里的人們緩解饑荒問(wèn)題。1．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hebelievesdroughtwasn'ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout.”在Nzamujo看來(lái)，可持續(xù)性是被人們忽略了的造成饑荒的一個(gè)原因，換句話說(shuō)，人們沒(méi)有注意到農(nóng)業(yè)的不可持續(xù)性問(wèn)題。2．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Nzamujobegandesigninga‘zerowaste’agriculturesystemthatwouldnotonlyincreasefoodsecurity,butalsohelptheenvironmentandcreatejobs.”可推知，第三段介紹Nzamujo的解決方案，“零浪費(fèi)”農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)。3．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.”可知，Songhai項(xiàng)目通過(guò)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民來(lái)幫助緩解饑荒問(wèn)題。4．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，獲得微生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饑荒時(shí)，帶著自己的知識(shí)和信仰回到非洲，去幫助那里的人們。由此推知，Nzamujo不但學(xué)識(shí)淵博而且有責(zé)任心。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了考古學(xué)家們利用LiDAR技術(shù)，在危地馬拉發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處巨大的瑪雅城市遺跡。由于這座城市遺跡只是瑪雅帝國(guó)的冰山一角，因此，曾經(jīng)高度發(fā)達(dá)、疆域遼闊的瑪雅帝國(guó)仍將是未來(lái)考古人員繼續(xù)探索的對(duì)象。5．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisbreakthroughwaspossiblethankstoLiDARsensors,whichcansurveylandscapesin3Dbyreflectinglaserpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers.(這項(xiàng)突破性的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)要感謝感知器LiDAR。它能反射來(lái)自無(wú)人飛行器和其他設(shè)備的激光脈沖，用立體三維技術(shù)呈像探查這片區(qū)域)”可知，LiDAR是一項(xiàng)使用激光脈沖的遙感技術(shù)。6．答案與解析：D詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60，000human-madefeatures...”可知，畫線代詞those指的是前文中提到的“瑪雅生物保護(hù)區(qū)的6萬(wàn)多項(xiàng)人造工程”。7．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“butshowsthatthesefamousheritageareasarethetipoftheicebergofthislosturbannetwork.”和文章第四段第一句可知，瑪雅帝國(guó)疆域遼闊，且高度發(fā)達(dá)。8．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Thereare20，000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiestherethatwedon'tknowabout,andwewillpushthefrontiers，’headded.”可知，考古人員將繼續(xù)探索發(fā)掘未知的瑪雅遺跡。Ⅱ.七選五【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了宣傳的作用、手段，傳播媒介以及種類。1．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文“我們被試圖引起我們注意的信息包圍著。廣告商、政客和其他團(tuán)體都試圖讓我們同意他們的觀點(diǎn)”，下文“宣傳并不總是一件壞事，但它往往掩蓋了一個(gè)話題的真相。”可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下，說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象被稱為什么。A項(xiàng)“這種現(xiàn)象還有一個(gè)名稱叫做宣傳”，Propaganda是關(guān)鍵詞。2．答案與解析：F根據(jù)前文可知，主要的宣傳手段有：貼標(biāo)簽、從眾宣傳以及引發(fā)恐懼等，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“它恐嚇人們選擇某一方或采取行動(dòng)?！?，該句為引發(fā)人們恐懼的具體表現(xiàn)，切題。3．答案與解析：E根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Propagandamedia”(宣傳媒體)前文“宣傳被許多團(tuán)體使用，如企業(yè)、政治家和政府?！焙笪摹盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使向全世界發(fā)送信息變得容易?！笨芍径沃饕榻B宣傳的傳播途徑，所以空白處應(yīng)總說(shuō)宣傳的途徑有哪些。E項(xiàng)“