Unit4NaturaldisastersReading課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義高一上學(xué)期英語人教版

B1U4Readingprehension

課文逐句理解+知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展Thenighttheearthdidn’tsleep第一段：StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygasingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeatanddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideandfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3:00a.m.on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.課文逐句理解+知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.在河北東北的農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)生了一些奇怪的事情。語言積累：inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下northeastern[?n?:θ'i:st?n]adj.（在）東北的；向東北的Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.連續(xù)數(shù)日，村子水井里的水漲漲落落，漲漲落落。welladv.好，出色地Welldone!干得好！adj.健康的Mayyougetwellsoon!愿你早日康復(fù)！(應(yīng)用文)int.（語氣詞）嗯；不過；好了；那么；算了n.井；樓梯井v.涌出Tearswelledupinhereyes.她熱淚盈眶（續(xù)寫佳句）riseroserisenrising上升；提高rose玫瑰rosyadj.粉紅色的/紅潤的/愉快的/美好的/樂觀的Mayyouhavearosyfuture.愿你前程似錦。(應(yīng)用文)Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.井壁上出現(xiàn)了很深的裂縫。語法精講：that引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？為什么用that引導(dǎo)？解析：that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句依據(jù)：that從句位于名詞cracks后,起修飾限定的作用,故為定從引導(dǎo)詞用that的原因：cracks(_____)appearedinthewellwalls.從句缺主語指代cracks，指物因此可用that/which來引導(dǎo)Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygasingoutofit.至少有一口井里有一些惡臭的氣體傳出來。語言積累1：atleast至少littlelessleastatmost至多manymoremost語言積累2：smelly[?smeli]adj.難聞的smellv.聞到；察覺到n.臭味；嗅覺smellsmeltsmeltsmellingDinnersmellsgood.飯菜聞起來很香。（續(xù)寫佳句）Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeatanddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都太緊張了而吃不下東西，狗也拒絕進(jìn)入建筑物。知識(shí)點(diǎn)積累：refuse[r??fju?z,?refju?s]v.拒絕；回絕refusetodosth拒絕做某事refusal[r??fju?zl]n.拒絕；aflatrefusal一個(gè)斷然的拒絕Hegavemeaflatrefusal.他斷然拒絕了我。（續(xù)寫）Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideandfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠跑出田野，尋找藏身的地方，魚跳出了水面。語言積累：field[fi?ld]n.田地；運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)；戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)；領(lǐng)域Atabout3:00a.m.on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.1976年7月28日凌晨3時(shí)左右，在唐山市外的天空中看到亮光，并聽到巨大的噪音。Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.但那天晚上，城里的100萬人像往常一樣睡覺。語言積累：asusual像往常一樣usualadj.通常的，常見的；平常的，普通的；平時(shí)的；unusualadj.特別的，不尋常的；獨(dú)特的，別致的第二段：At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃起來。知識(shí)點(diǎn)積累：begintodo開始做某事shake[?e?k]v.搖動(dòng)；動(dòng)搖；顫抖shakeshookshakenn.搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)；顫抖；奶昔eg:Sheshookherheadindisbelief.她難以置信地?fù)u了搖頭。(續(xù)寫)Hewasshakingwithfear.他嚇得發(fā)抖（續(xù)寫佳句）Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!看起來似乎世界末日就要來臨了。語法精講：asif后引導(dǎo)的從句，如果描述的事件是真實(shí)的，就用陳述語氣ItseemsasifyouarereallyinterestedinChineseculture.(真實(shí)情況，用陳述語氣)asif后引導(dǎo)的從句，如果描述的是不太可能發(fā)生的事情,用虛擬語氣。asif從句用虛擬語氣的三種情況：1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)(虛擬語氣中沒有was,只用were）eg:ThecaptaintreatsmeasifIwerehisowndaughter.隊(duì)長對(duì)待我好像我是他自己的女兒一樣。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)2.與過去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)Tomandhisnewfriendtalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.(與過去事實(shí)相反)湯姆和他的新朋友說起話來好像他們是多年的朋友一樣。3.與將來事實(shí)相反，從句謂語用would/could/might+V原Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldneveretoanend.看起來好像會(huì)議永不會(huì)結(jié)束。(與將來事實(shí)相反)Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!思考：教材里這句話是陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣？解析：因?yàn)閠heworld作主語，在陳述句中，謂語應(yīng)為was本句謂語為were,因此可推知此句為虛擬語氣。表明世界并非真的要到末日，是一種夸張的寫作手法。exaggeration[?g?z?d???re??n]夸張Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.在城市正下方11公里處，20世紀(jì)最致命的地震之一已經(jīng)開始，這次地震甚至給150多公里外的北京造成了破壞。語法精講：that引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？為什么用that引導(dǎo)該從句？語法解析1：quake是名詞that從句為定語從句語法解析2：觀察aquak___evencauseddamagemorethan.....可知從句缺主語主語指代先行詞quake,為事/物因此用that/which引導(dǎo)Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!全國近三分之一的人都感受到了!語法精講：1.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)為子基母序（分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞）eg:onefifth五分之一twothirds三分之二threefifths五分之三2.分?jǐn)?shù)詞of結(jié)構(gòu)+n作主語,謂語v的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該n的單復(fù)數(shù)eg:Threefifthsofthestudentslikestudyinggeographyeg:ThreefifthsofthewaterhasbeenpollutedAhugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.一條長8公里、有30米寬的巨大裂縫橫跨房屋、道路和水道。longadv.長時(shí)間地；很久地；（多）長（時(shí)間）eg：我認(rèn)識(shí)她很長時(shí)間了Ihaveknownherlonglongadj.長的；長期的；長音的eg:我累了。這一天可真夠長的I'mwornout.It'sbeenalongday.longv.渴望longtodosth渴望做某事longforsth渴望得到某事物eg:我渴望再次見到你Ilongtoseeyouagain.eg:我渴望自由Ilongforfreedom“長寬高”的詞形變化及使用eg:練太極可以延年益壽(應(yīng)用文介紹傳統(tǒng)文化元素之太極)PracticingTaichicanlengthenpeople’slives.wideadj寬的widthn.寬度widenv.加寬；拓寬eg:Bookscanenrichourimaginationandwidenouroutlook.書籍可以豐富我們的想象力，拓寬我們的視野。(話題作文：Reading)highadj高的heightn.高度heightenv.加強(qiáng)，提高，增加eg:Toheightenstudents’awarenessofsafety,alecturewillbeheldinourschoolhallthisfridayat3:00p.m.(應(yīng)用文通知Notice)為了增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的安全意識(shí),一個(gè)講座將于本周五在我們學(xué)校大禮堂舉行Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.堅(jiān)硬的巖石山變成了骯臟的河流。不到一分鐘,一座大城市變成了廢墟?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)：ruinn.毀壞；廢墟eg:Hewasdeterminedtobuildanewlifeoutoftheruinsofhiscareer.他決心從事業(yè)失敗中爬起來，重新開始新的生活。eg:惡劣天氣毀掉了我們的旅行。Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.居住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受傷。語法精講：who引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？為什么用who引導(dǎo)？解析1：從句wholivedthere位于n之后是定語從句解析2：people(__livedthere)從句缺主語且主語指代先行詞people,指人用who引導(dǎo)定語從句練習(xí)題Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.She,whoisourheadteacher,isMissHeThepeoplewhoImetyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.Houseswhichisnexttothelakeisexpensive.Hisbestmovie,whichwinsseveralawards,isaboutwildlife.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上萬的孩子失去了父母。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.地震中死亡或重傷的人數(shù)超過40萬語法精講：who引導(dǎo)的是什么從句？為什么用who引導(dǎo)？解析1：從句位于n之后是定語從句解析2：people(__werekilled.....)從句缺主語且主語指代先行詞people,指人用who引導(dǎo)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí):thenumberof+n作主語,表示“...的數(shù)量”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)anumberof+ns作主語，表示“大量的...”謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)第三段：Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomesandallofitshospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcowshundredsofthousandsofpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshockandthen.laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.幸存者們向四周看看，除了廢墟什么也沒有。語法精講1：everywhere作連詞，意為“無論哪里”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句[仿寫]無論走到哪里，她都受到熱烈歡迎。Everywhereshegoes，shereceivesawarmwele.語法精講2：nothingbut=only僅僅eg:Nothingbutamiraclecansavehernow.只有奇跡才能救她。Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomesandallofitshospitalsweregone.這座城市幾乎所有的東西都被摧毀了。該市約75%的工廠和建筑、90%的住宅和所有的醫(yī)院都消失了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解：goneadj.用完的,用光的;死了的,滅絕的;離去的,不在某處的;不復(fù)存在的；eg:Unfortunately,thosedaysaregoneforever.遺憾的是，那些日子一去不復(fù)返了。Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.磚塊像紅色的秋葉一樣覆蓋著地面，但沒有風(fēng)可以把它們吹走。語言積累：like多層意思知多少？prep.像,好比;大約He'sverylikehisfather.他很像他的父親likev.喜歡,想要AtweekendsIliketosleeplate.周末我愛睡懶覺。conj.像,如同Itdidn'tturnoutlikeIintended.這結(jié)果與我的本意相悖。Weallhavedifferentlikesanddislikes.我們各有不同的好惡。It’shardtomeetpeopleoflikemind很難遇見志趣相投的人adv.大概,可能,像Itwas,like,weird.這事兒可能是有點(diǎn)怪。Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.大多數(shù)橋梁已經(jīng)垮塌或無法安全通過。…上架橋bridgethe?gapbetweenAandB消除A和B的隔閡;將A和B結(jié)合起來Theartistbridgedthegapbetweeneasternandwesternculture.這位藝術(shù)家將東西方文化結(jié)合了起來。句式學(xué)習(xí)：主語beadjtodo主語是...去做某事的我很容易相處Iameasytogetalongwith這些問題難以解決TheseproblemsaredifficulttosolveTherailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.鐵軌現(xiàn)在成了無用的金屬碎片。Tensofthousandsofcowshundredsofthousandsofpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.數(shù)以萬計(jì)的牛、幾十萬頭豬和數(shù)百萬只雞都死了。Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater現(xiàn)在井里裝滿了沙子而不是水。Peoplewereinshockandthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人們震驚了，然后,當(dāng)天下午晚些時(shí)候，唐山又發(fā)生了一次大地震。shock知識(shí)點(diǎn)積累：處于震驚中：inshock2.對(duì)某事感到震驚：beshockedatsthIamshockedatthebeautifulviewofMountTai我被泰山的美景震撼到了3震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)：beshockedtofindthat...Iamshockedtofindthateverythingisgone.我震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都消失了4.令某人震驚的是：toone’sshockTomyshock,theathletedidn’twinagoldmedal使我震驚的是，這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員沒有獲得金牌。fall短語大集合fallaboutlaughing笑得前仰后合Weallfellaboutlaughing.fallapart破碎；破裂Mydreamfellapart.我的夢(mèng)想破裂了fallbehind落后fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上某人/物Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食品和電是很難得到的句式：主語beadjtodo主語是...去做某事的Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.人們開始想知道這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難會(huì)持續(xù)多久。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Iamwonderingwhetheryou'dliketoetotheparty.不知您能否來參加聚會(huì)(應(yīng)用文之邀請(qǐng)信)n.驚訝，驚嘆；奇跡；令人驚訝的事物/人詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Theexhibition,whichwilllasttwohours,willbeafeastfortheeyes.這次將持續(xù)2小時(shí)的展覽會(huì)是一場(chǎng)視覺盛宴。第四段：Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150.000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly.thecitybegantobreatheagain.Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望并沒有喪失。（仍有希望）詞匯精講：lostadj迷路的/失去的/不知所措的/全神貫注的/輸了的eg:Iwouldbelostwithoutyourhelp.沒有你的幫助，我就會(huì)不知所措eg:Heislostinreadingnovels.他沉迷于讀小說。lostv.丟失/失去/輸?shù)簦╨ose的過去式和過去分詞形式）loselostlosteg:loseyourhair/teeth脫發(fā)；掉牙Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150.000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震發(fā)生后不久,軍隊(duì)派遣了15萬士兵到唐山挖出被困的人并埋葬死者?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)積累：soonafter不久以后army軍隊(duì)digout挖出betrapped被困bury埋葬t(yī)hedead死者語法知識(shí)：....todigoutthosewhoweretrapped......who引導(dǎo)的是定語從句依據(jù)：名詞或代詞后起修飾限定作用的從句是定語從句。Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.超過1萬名醫(yī)生和護(hù)士前來提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)知識(shí)拓展：morethan+數(shù)詞表示“超過”morethan+名詞表示“不僅僅”SheismoreourEnglishteacher她不僅僅是我們的英語老師。morethan+adj表示“非常”Iammorethandelightedtoinviteyoutoparticipateinalecture.我非常高興地邀請(qǐng)你參加一個(gè)講座。（應(yīng)用文邀請(qǐng)信高分句）Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.工人們?yōu)榉课荼粴У男掖嬲呓ㄔ炝吮茈y所。語法學(xué)習(xí)：survivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyedwhose引導(dǎo)的是定語從句依據(jù)：位于名詞后，起修飾限定的作用的是定語從句。思考：為什么用whose引導(dǎo)從句？解析：survivors(_____)homeshadbeendestroyed定語從句不缺主語/賓語缺定語，意為“...的”,從句與先行詞是所屬關(guān)系,用whose語法練習(xí)：Thelecture(whosethemeisReading)willbeofgreatbenefittous.這個(gè)主題為“閱讀”的講座將對(duì)我們大有裨益。解析：從句位于名詞后，起修飾限定的作用，是定語從句定語從句缺定語（從句與先行詞是所屬關(guān)系）用whose引導(dǎo)It'sthehousewhosedoorispaintedred.這就是那所門涂成紅色的房Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.成千上萬的人得到了幫助.(bedone是謂語形式的被動(dòng))Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.水和食物由火車、卡車和飛機(jī)運(yùn)入城市。Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.慢慢地，這個(gè)城市開始再次呼吸。（恢復(fù)生機(jī)）第五段：Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbeea