2021高考英語(yǔ)重難詞匯短語(yǔ)梳理與閱讀練習(xí)（三十七）

2021高考英語(yǔ)重難詞匯短語(yǔ)梳理與閱讀練習(xí)（三十七）

-：詞匯梳理

1.instance/'mstons/n.例子vt.舉…為例

2.formal/'fb:mH/a,①形式上的②正式的

3.casual/'k鄴uol/a.①漫不經(jīng)心的②非正式的③臨時(shí)的

4.cause/ko:z/n.①原因②理由③事業(yè)vt.引起

5.foundation/faundeijbn/n.①地基②建立③根據(jù)

6.generous/'dsenoros/a.①慷慨的②寬宏大量的③大量的

7.joint/d30mt/n.①連接處②關(guān)節(jié)a.聯(lián)合的

8.limitation/.limiteijon/n.限制

9.limited/'hmitid/a.有限的

10.margin/'ma:d3in/n.①頁(yè)邊空白②邊緣③差額

11.cling/kh"vi,①黏著②依附③緊緊抓住

12.mug/mAg/n.大杯vt.搶劫

13.individual/jndi'vidsuol/n.個(gè)人a.①個(gè)人的②獨(dú)特的

14.outstanding/aut'staendig/a.①突出的②優(yōu)秀的

15.committee/komiti/n.①委員會(huì)②全體委員

16.endure/m'djuo/vi.持久vt.忍受

17.sensible/'sensibol/a.①明智的②覺察出的

18.sensitive/'sensitiv/a.①敏感的②靈敏的

19.gesture/'djesUo/vi.做手勢(shì)n.①姿勢(shì)②姿態(tài)

20.shortage/'Jo:tid3/n.不足，缺乏

21.deficiency/di'fijbnsi/n.①缺乏②缺陷

22.palm①/pa:nVn,棕桐樹

23.palm②/pQ：m/n,手掌vt.把...藏于手（掌）中

24.component/kom'pgunont/n.①組成部分②零部件a.組成的，

25.resort/n'zo:t/vi.訴諸n.①度假勝地②手段

26.compromise/'kompramaiz/n./vi.妥協(xié)，折中

27.horn/ho:n/n.①號(hào)，喇叭②角，觸角

28.compound/'kompaund/n.①化合物②復(fù)合物vt.①使化合②加重

29.rid"id/vt.使擺脫，使去掉

30.condemn/kon'dem/vt.①指責(zé)②迫使..?陷于不幸的境地

二：短語(yǔ)梳理

1.presentsb.withsth.贈(zèng)與…=presentsth.tosb.

bepresentatameeting出席會(huì)議atpresent目前，現(xiàn)在

2.pretendtodosth.假裝

3.takepridein=beproudof為…驕傲

4.makegreatprogress取得很大進(jìn)步

5.protectsb.Fromsth.保護(hù)…免受...

6.inprison坐牢

7.promisetodosth.許諾做…

8.providesb.Withsth.給…提供…

providesth.forsb.

Supplysbwithsth/supplysthtosb

offersbsth/offersthtosb

9.inpublic公開地

10.putforward提出

三：閱讀訓(xùn)練

It'seasytothinkthattheglobe'svastoceanswouldbeeffectivebarrierstothe

movementoflandanimals.Anelephantcan*tswimacrossthePacific,afterall.Butit

turnsoutthatplentyofplantsandanimalshaveunintentionallyfloatedacrossoceans

fromonecontinenttoanother.Nowcomesevidencethattinytrapdoorspiders（活板門

蛛）madesuchajourneymillionsofyearsago.

MoggridgearainbowispiderscanbefoundonKangarooIsland,whichsitsoff

thesouthcoastofAustralia."Thesespidersbuildasilk-linedburrow（洞穴）inthe

ground,notedSophieHarrison,abiologistinAustralia.Theburrowandthe

trapdoorprovidethesespiderswithshelterandprotection.Theyalsooffertheman

out-of-sightspotfromwhichtheycanwaitforapproachingprey（獵物）.

Thereisevidence,though,thattheancestorsofthemmighthavetraveled

millionsofmeterstogettoAustraliafromAfrica.Thatisn'tasunlikelyasitmightat

firstseem.Australiausedtobeconnectedtoothercontinents,longago,aspartofa

supercontinentcalledGondwana.Andhumanshavebeenknowntotransport

species（物種）allovertheplanet.Butthere'sathirdoption.Thespidersmighthave

rafted（乘筏）longdistancesacrossthesea.

Tofigureoutwhichstorywasmostlikelytrue,Harrisonandhercolleagues

lookedatthespiders1genes.TheylookedatthegenesinsevenMoggridgearainbowi

spidersfromKangarooIsland,andfivespeciesofMoggridgearainbowispidersfrom

SouthAfrica.TheAustralianandAfricanspiderssplitofffromacommonancestor

some2millionto16millionyearsago,thegenesshowed.

Ifalargeswatch（塊）oflandwashesintothesea,filledwitharachnids（蛛形綱動(dòng)

物），thespidersmaybeabletohidethemselvesthroughoutthejourney.Plus,theycan

uholdtheirbreath”andsurviveonstoredoxygenduringperiodsoftemporary

flooding,theresearchersnote.

l.Whatisthecommonbeliefaboutlandanimalsaccordingtothetext?

A.Theyaresensitivetonaturaldisasters.

B.Theyareunlikelytomoveacrossoceans.

C.Theycan*tmakealongoceanvoyage.

D.Theyfloatacrossoceansaccidentally.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?

A.Thebiologists.B.TheAustralians.

C.Thespiders.D.Theprey.

3.HowdidtheresearchersconcludeAustralianandAfricanspidersarefroma

commonancestor?

A.Bycomparingtheirgenes.

B.Byobservingtheirlivinghabits.

C.Bymakingchangestotheirgenes.

D.Bystudyingtheirphysicalcharacteristics.

4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheseSpidersTraveledGloballytoHideThemselves

B.TheseSpidersBecameMoreAdaptivewhenTraveling

C.TheseSpidersCrossedanOceantoAustraliaforSurvival

D.TheseSpidersCrossedanOceantoBecomeAustralianSpiders

答案

l.B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干意為:根據(jù)本文，人們對(duì)陸地動(dòng)物的普遍觀點(diǎn)是什

么？根據(jù)第一段第一句（人們會(huì)輕易地認(rèn)為地球上的大洋可以有效阻隔陸地動(dòng)物

的遷徙）可知答案為B項(xiàng)（它們不可能跨越海洋）。A項(xiàng)（它們對(duì)自然災(zāi)害很敏感）,C

項(xiàng)（它們不能長(zhǎng)距離航海）,D項(xiàng)（它們偶然漂過(guò)了海洋）在文中均未提及，故排除。

2.C猜測(cè)詞義題。本題題干意為:第三段中畫線詞“them”指的是什么?代

詞them指代第二段中提到的spiders以避免重復(fù)，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干意為:研究者們是如何得出澳大利亞蜘蛛和非洲