2022屆初中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)講解訓(xùn)練被動語態(tài)

PAGE被動語態(tài)【五種基本句型】①主謂（無被動語態(tài)）②主謂賓③主+謂+間賓+直賓④主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)⑤主系表（無被動語態(tài)）被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+done各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動詞do為例）：時(shí)態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般將來時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone過去將來時(shí)would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone一．被動語態(tài)的用法：在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：（1）不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：ThiswatchismadeinChina．（2）沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear．。（3）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時(shí)。如：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld．（4）句子的主語是動作的承受者。如：Manyhouseswerewashedawaybythefood．二、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1．主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)（1）要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓語變成主格。（2）把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格變成賓格，并用by引導(dǎo)。（3）謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式。主動語態(tài)：動作執(zhí)行者+謂語動詞主動形式+動作承受者被動語態(tài)：動作承受者+謂語動詞被動形式+動作執(zhí)行者如：WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong．(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))→HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus．2．帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)謂語動詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。如：Shegavemeabook．(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))→Iwasgivenabookbyher．(間接賓語me改為了主語)Abookwasgiventomebyher．(直接賓語abook改為了主語)3．動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)許多由動詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)。在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。如：Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely．(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely．(to不可省略)4．帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom．(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))→Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom．5．變被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇主動句中在感官動詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。如：Hemakesthegirlstayathome．（變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)）→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim．練習(xí)：1.Thedoorofherroom_________everyday.A.arenotcleaned B.notarecleanedC.isnotcleaned D.notiscleaned2.Norubbish_________forthreeweeks.A.collected B.iscollectedC.hascollected D.hasbeencollected3.By1980thebridge_________.A.wascompleted B.hadbeencompletedC.hasbeencompleted D.havebeencompleted4.Anotherrailwaybridge_________therenow.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuiltC.isbuilt D.hasbeenbuilt5.Hetoldmethatthecomposition_________byhim.A.w