2022年中考英語(百色專用)復習精講教學案-專題8動詞和動詞短語

專題八動詞和動詞短語動詞的基本形式和分類(必考，選擇填空、完形填空、選詞填空、單詞拼寫考查)選擇填空。(B)1.(2021柳州改編)He________likehisbrother.A．lookB．looksC．lookingD．looked(C)2.It________dark.ShallIturnonthelight?A．getsB．gotC．isgettingD．wasgetting(D)3.—________Jackusuallydrinkmilk?—Yes，he________．Helikesitverymuch.A．Do；isB．Do；doC．Does；isD．Does；does(B)4.Yesterdayafternoon，TomandI________toazoo.goB．wentC．goingD．goes用所給單詞的適當形式填空。5．Mrs.Licameintotheclassroom，__carrying__(carry)abookunderherarm.6．Hewasdrunkandlying(lie)onthestreet.7．Shesattherequietly__reading__(read)anovel.8．Inthepast，mygrandparents__lived__(live)inanoldandsmallhouse.1．動詞的基本形式(1)規(guī)則變化動詞形式構成方法例詞原形run，watch，study…第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況下，在動詞原形后加-srun—runs以s，x，ch，sh或o結尾的動詞，在詞尾加-eswatch—watchesgo—goes以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的動詞，改y為i，再加-esstudy—studies現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下，在動詞原形后加-ingstudy—studying以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞去掉e再加-ingmake—making以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ingstop—stopping少數(shù)以ie結尾的動詞，把ie改為y，再加-ingdie—dying續(xù)表動詞形式構成方法例詞過去式和過去分詞一般情況下，在動詞原形后加-edwork—worked—worked以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，在詞尾加-dlive—lived—lived以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的動詞，改y為i，再加-edcry—cried—cried以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop—stopped—stopped注意：常見的以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞有：begin，run，swim，get，put，sit，shop，cut等。【助記口訣】開始(begin)跑步(run)，然后游泳(swim)，上岸拿來(get)衣服穿上(put)并坐下(sit)。打開電腦來購物(shop)，學會比較會砍價(cut)。(2)不規(guī)則變化(詳見《晨讀背記手冊》“不規(guī)則變化表”)2．動詞的分類(1)實義動詞實義動詞本身含有實際意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨立作謂語。按能否直接接賓語可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。(2)助動詞助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完全，不能獨立作謂語。助動詞在句中與實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語，以表現(xiàn)時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法形式。此外助動詞還可用來構成表否定、疑問或強調的句型。(3)連系動詞連系動詞，簡稱系動詞，其本身沒有實際意義。系動詞不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構成系表結構作句子的謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質、特征或身份等。常見的連系動詞有：be，stay，keep，remain，feel，look，sound，taste，smell，become，get，turn，go等。(4)情態(tài)動詞(詳見“專題九情態(tài)動詞”)動詞詞義及動詞短語辨析(僅2019未考，選擇填空、完形填空考查)選擇填空。(B)1.Sam________acomputerfrommeyesterday.A．soldB．borrowedC．lentD．returned(B)2.JimisgoingtojointheArtClubbecausehelikes________.A．cookingB．drawingC．runningD．reading(A)3.(2021常州)Don't________yourchildwithothersbecauseeverychildisatreasure.A．compareB．complainC．contactD．consider(C)4.(2021青海改編)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood.A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels(B)5.AlotofschoolsacrossChina________startingclassesbecauseofCOVID-19.A．putupB．putoffC．putonD．putaway(B)6.(2021菏澤改編)—IsanythingworthseeinginXi'an?—Yes.Don't________theamazingTerracottaArmy.A．offerB．missC．shareD．print(A)7.(2021南寧馬山縣一模)SamwantstobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshanwhenhe________．A．growsupB．wakesupC．staysupD．getsup(D)8.—Fangfang，shallwegotoseeafilmonSaturday?—Sorry.I'llhaveto________myyoungerbrotherbecausemymotherisout.A．lookatB．lookforC．lookupD．lookafter(D)9.(2021鞍山)—Thesummervacationiscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?—I'mgoingto________ahobbylikeplayingtheguitar.A．cutupB．lookupC．turnupD．takeup(A)10.I________sleepverywell，butthenIstarteddoingyogaandithelpedalot.A．didn'tusetoB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．wasn'tusedto(B)11.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'shotinsidethehouse.A．takeoutB．takeoffC．takeupD．takeaway(D)12.(2021鐵嶺)—Sam,let's________theseoldthings.Idon'tneedthemanymore.—No.Wecantrytoputthemtogooduse.A．pulldownB．fixupC．handoutD．throwaway(A)13.(2021樂山改編)—Areyoukidding?Ican'tbelieveit!—I'mserious.I'mnot________astory.Itreallyhappened!A．makingupB．lookingupC．takingupD．gettingup1．不同類動詞詞義辨析不同類動詞詞義辨析主要考查動詞在具體語境中的運用。在近8年百色中考中，重點考查實義動詞辨析(2021、T46；2020、T48；2015、T39&T49&T53；2014、T48)及動詞短語辨析(2021、T50)。解答此類試題的關鍵在于弄清句子在特定語境下的含義并結合常識和平時積累的語言知識找到關鍵詞或前后的邏輯關系，從而確定正確答案。2．詞義相對類動詞辨析accept接受—refuse拒絕；不愿continue繼續(xù)—stop停止take拿走—bring帶來(2014、T50)borrow把……借入—lend把……借給arrive到達—leave離開find找到—lose丟失ask問—answer回答forget忘記—remember記住begin開始—end/finish結束love/like喜歡—hate討厭believe相信—doubt懷疑open開—close關buy買—sell賣save節(jié)約—waste浪費come來—go去succeed成功—fail失敗(2016、T53)3.易混動詞辨析(1)arrive，reach與getto(考點講解詳見P17“考點2”)(2)borrow，lend與keep(考點講解詳見P65“考點1”)(3)watch，look，see與read(考點講解詳見P11“考點2”)(4)talk，speak，say與tell(考點講解詳見P17“考點1”)(5)spend，take，pay與cost(考點講解詳見P24“考點3”)4．動詞短語辨析命題點1同一動詞型(1)look短語(2018、T45；2014、T36)lookat看lookfor尋找lookafter照顧looklike看起來像lookover仔細檢查lookupto欽佩；仰慕lookout當心lookaround環(huán)顧四周lookthrough瀏覽lookforwardto期待lookup查閱(字典)；抬頭看(2)get短語getoff下車getup起床getto到達getin當選；進入getaway逃離getback回來getover克服getlost迷路getout離開geton上車；進展geton/alongwith與……相處getreadyfor為……做好準備(3)put短語putaway把……收好puton穿上；上演putoff推遲putout熄滅putdown寫下；記下putup搭建；張貼(4)take短語(2021、T50；2017、T34)takeoff起飛；脫掉takeafter長得像takeup占據(jù)；從事takein吸收；吸入takeplace發(fā)生takepridein以……為榮takecareof照顧takepartin參加(5)turn短語turnon打開turnoff關掉turnup調高(音量)turnaround轉身turndown調低(音量)；拒絕命題點2同一介詞/副詞型(1)for短語waitfor等待askfor請求carefor照顧；喜歡lookfor尋找payfor支付standfor代表leavefor動身前往……preparefor為……做準備(2)out短語lookout小心comeout出來；出版setout出發(fā)；開始cutout切掉goout出去handout發(fā)放；分發(fā)leaveout忽略；不提及runout用完；用盡findout找出pointout指出sellout賣完；售完hangout閑逛bringout使顯現(xiàn)takeout拿出；取出workout成功地發(fā)展；解決(3)up短語addup加起來callup打電話cheerup使振奮bringup養(yǎng)育cleanup打掃clearup清理dressup打扮getup起床cutup切碎eatup吃光endup結束；告終fixup安裝；修理giveup放棄growup成長hangup掛起來lookup查閱；查找makeup組成；編造mixup弄錯；弄亂putup張貼；搭建pickup拾起；接(某人)setup創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦showup出現(xiàn)；露面standup起立stayup熬夜turnup偶然出現(xiàn)；調高(音量)takeup占據(jù)；從事(4)down短語cutdown砍倒；削減knockdown撞倒letdown使……失望turndown拒絕；調小writedown寫下；記下liedown躺下putdown放下；寫下takedown拆除；記下(5)about短語careabout關心；在乎hearabout聽說knowabout了解thinkabout考慮worryabout擔心talkabout談論(6)away短語takeaway帶走getaway逃離dieaway逐漸消失giveaway贈送throwaway扔掉washaway沖走putaway把……收好runaway逃跑(7)off短語breakoff中斷cutoff阻擋；割掉falloff從……跌下shutoff關掉keepoff不接近payoff還清(債務)putoff推遲seeoff為……送行showoff炫耀getoff離開；下(車、馬等)turnoff關掉gooff(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲命題點3混合型(2016、T37&T55；2015、T46&T48&T51)更多動詞短語詳見《晨讀背記手冊》P21—P25內(nèi)容！動詞拼寫(必考，單詞拼寫考查)用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Hewouldratherstay(stay)athomethanhang(hang)outwithfriends.2．Whenwillthedinnerbe(be)ready?I'mhungry.3．IfelttiredbecauseIcarried(carry)aboxofbooksbackhomeonmyown.4．Jennyteaches(teach)Englishinamiddleschoolandshelovesherjob.5．Isawhimworking(work)inthegardenwhenIpassedbyyesterday.單詞拼寫。6．(2021南寧馬山縣一模)Whowouldyouliketoinvite(邀請)toyourbirthdayparty?7．(2021北海二模改編)Whenyouareexercising,itcanhelptohavesomeoneencourage(鼓勵)you.8．Ifyoulikereading，youcanborrow(借)somebooksfromthelibrary.9．Let'splantmoretreestoprotectourenvironment.10．It'sourdutytocleantheclassroomeveryday.1．根據(jù)漢語提示填空結合語境，通?？梢耘袛嗫崭裉幨欠裉顒釉~、其在句中的成分及是否需要變形。動詞原形(僅2019年未考)在此題型中是考查的重點，動詞過去分詞(2021、T77)考查過一次。2．用所給單詞的適當形式填空(2020年起新增)需分析該動詞所在的句式結構，判斷其在句中是否作謂語，同時注意時態(tài)和主謂一致，根據(jù)關鍵詞和語境確定單詞的正確形式。此外，要注意使用動詞原形的情況：(1)情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形(2021、T79；2020、T78)，如can，should，may，need，will，must，shall等；(2)助動詞后接動詞原形，如do，does，did，will，shall等；(3)不定式結構“to＋動詞原形”；(4)祈使句中用動詞原形(2020、T76)；(5)一些感官動詞和使役動詞后可接動詞原形，如see，hear，watch，make，let，have等；(6)某些特殊句式或固定結構，如Whynot/don't…？，wouldrather…，hadbetter…等。3．根據(jù)首字母提示填空(2020年起取消此題型)結合語境，通?？梢耘袛嗫崭裉幨欠裉顒釉~，其在句中的成分及是否需要變形。動詞原形(8年4考)同樣是此題型考查的重點。◆動詞語法失分點規(guī)避點撥與針對練失分點1確定空格處填動詞，但不知用哪種形式例題：用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Heoften________(get)upatsix.2．We________(go)toShanghaiforvacationlastyear.3．Wemust________(wear)theschooluniformonschooldays.4．Let's________(clean)theclassroomafterschool.【點撥】1.考查人稱與謂語動詞的對應關系。首先由關鍵詞often可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語He是第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞也應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，此處應填gets。2.lastyear是一般過去時的顯著時間標志，要注意go的過去式為不規(guī)則變化，此處應填went。3.考查“情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”的用法。此處應填wear。4.考查特殊句式(祈使句)“Let's＋動詞原形＋其他．”。此處應填clean?！緦毩暋坑盟o單詞的適當形式填空。1．Tonyoften__speaks__(speak)Englishwithhisfriends.2．Nobody__likes__(like)himbecauseheoftentellslies.3．Janestayedathomeand__cleaned__(clean)thehouse.4．Don'tarrive(arrive)latefortomorrow'sschooltrip.5．Somestudentswere__talking__(talk)whentheteachercamein.失分點2確定填動詞的名詞形式，但不知如何變形例題：用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Lindawantstobeanexcellent________(sing).2．Awisemanoftenmakesawise________(choose).3．Theteacher's________(die)madeusverysad.【點撥】分析這三個句子的結構可知，空格處都應填動詞的名詞形式。1.sing對應的職業(yè)名詞是singer，表示“歌手”。2.句意為：智者通常會做出明智的選擇。choose的名詞形式是choice，表示“選擇”。3.句意為：這位老師的去世使我們很悲傷。die的名詞形式是death，表示“死亡”，注意這類動詞轉換為名詞時的特殊變化?！緦毩暋坑盟o單詞的適當形式填空。1．SuBingtianisafamous__runner__(run).2．Weneedthreemore__players__(play)foroursoccerteam.3．Let'stake__action__(act)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdowntrees.4．Thankyouforgivingme__advice__(advise).5．Everyyearmany__visitors__(visit)cometoGuangxi.eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(語法綜合演練))一、選擇填空。(A)1.(2021鹽城)Aliceoften________thefunofdoingDIYwithus.Sheissocreative!A．sharesB．providesC．makesD．gives(B)2.(2021山西改編)—To________oureyesight,we'dbetterrelaxforawhileafterreadingforalongtime.—Iagreewithyou.A．harmB．protectC．rememberD．examine(A)3.(2021貴港)—WhatdoyouthinkofJack?—Heishonest.Allofus________him.A．trustB．refuseC．protectD．hate(A)4.(2021丹東)Mother'sDay________usonceeveryyeartobethankfultomothers.A．remindsB．warnsC．requiresD．promises(D)5.(2021襄陽)—Wouldyouplease________whatyousaid?—Sure.Iaskedyoutohavearest.It'stoohottoday.A．showB．spellC．reviewD．repeat(A)6.(2021南京)Thedrama“Yuhuayao”________citizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty'shistory.A．providedB．guardedC．comparedD．protected(A)7.(2021樂山改編)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyou________alifewithoutit?A.imagineB．expectC．understandD．produce(D)8.(2021武漢)Theofficialnewspaper________thenewsofTiangong1,forittookabigstepforwardintospace.A．heardB．checkedC．believedD．celebrated(A)9.(2021天津)Thegovernmentplansto________morejobsforyoungpeopleinwesternChina.A．createB．a(chǎn)voidC．borrowD．guess(A)10.—CouldyouhelpmeimprovemyEnglishwriting?—Ofcourse.Iwon't________yourrequest.You'remybestfriend.A．turndownB．writedownC．putdownD．takedown(B)11.(2021菏澤改編)—Doyouthinkitnecessaryforteenagerstolearncookingathome?—Sure.Cookingis________animportantpartofeducationinChina.A．preparedforB．regardedasC．comparedwithD．worriedabout(C)12.(2021山西改編)Indailylife,everyoneshould________thelies.Afterall,beinghonestcomesfirst.A．payattentiontoB．getusedtoC．stayawayfromD．takecareof(D)13.(2021鄂州)—WhydoesLindadislikeme?—Idon'tknow.You'llhaveto________thereasonyourself.A．gooutB．bringoutC．comeoutD．findout二、單詞拼寫。1．Womenusually__spend__(花費)muc