2022年考研外語考試真題及答案89

2022年考研外語考試真題及答案

一、選擇題

1、第1題：請選擇⑴處最佳答案（）。

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

2、第2題請選擇⑵處最佳答案（）o

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

3、第3題請選擇⑶處最佳答案（）o

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

4、第4題請選擇（4）處最佳答案（）o

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

5、第5題請選擇⑸處最佳答案（）o

A.Only

B.So

C.Even

D.Hence

6、第6題請選擇（6）處最佳答案（）。

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

7、第7題請選擇⑺處最佳答案（）o

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

8、第8題請選擇⑻處最佳答案（）o

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

9、第9題請選擇(9)處最佳答案()。

A.attaining

B.common

C.mean

D.calculating

10、第10題請選擇（10）處最佳答案（）o

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

11、第11題請選擇（11）處最佳答案（）。

A.unconsciously

B.disproportionately

C.indefinitely

D.unaccountably

12、第12題請選擇（12）處最佳答案（）。

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

13、第13題請選擇（13）處最佳答案（）。

A.affirm

B.witness

C.observe

D.approve

14、第14題請選擇（14）處最佳答案（）o

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

15、第15題：請選擇（15）處最佳答案（）o

16、第16題請選擇（16）處最佳答案（）0

A.assessing

B.supervising

C.administering

D.valuing

17、第17題請選擇（17）處最佳答案（）0

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

18、第18題請選擇（18）處最佳答案（）0

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

19、第19題請選擇（19）處最佳答案（）。

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

20、第20題請選擇（20）處最佳答案（）o

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

二、閱讀理解（1）

1、第21題：Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe

firsttwoparagraphs?

A.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

C.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

D.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwith

stress.

2^第22題：Dr.Yehuda、'\'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

A.Needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

B.Havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

C.Aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

D.Areexposedtomorestress.

3、

AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendsto

e

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.irregularandviolent.

C.durableandfrequent.

D.trivialandrandom.

4、第24題ThesentenceIlivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.

(Line6,Para.5)showsthat

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez''ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

5、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

6、依據(jù)下列文章，回答26?30題。

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworking

togetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheir

researchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovethe

authorsnamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsenditto

theirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,the

editorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.

Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchers

seekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothe

journal.

Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,

whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoney

fromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-

ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.The

OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)

hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reaching

consequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoria

UniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makes

heavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsome

profits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangein

whathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublic

investmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistribution

andreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecore

scientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billion

and$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,

TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan

2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.

Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome

16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some

75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusiness

modelsareemerging;threemaininstitutionalsubscriberspay

foraccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthrough

site-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,

typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)

topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereare

open-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversities

orinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutional

repositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthese

three,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonly

subscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,before

makingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.

Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalform,ofthepeer-review

process,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

第26題Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

B.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

C.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

7、

WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

A.Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

B.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

D.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

8、

Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantin

that

A.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

B.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

C.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

D.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

9、

Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaper

isrequiredto

A.coverthecostofitspublication.

B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

10、第30題Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemain

ideaofthepassage?

A.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

B.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

C.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

D.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

11、依據(jù)下列文章，回答31?35題。

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythree

playersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listed

atoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,he

wouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessional

sportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagers

havebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthe

growingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognized

reality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Though

typicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,

today''speople-especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohave

livedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreached

theirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren,tlikelytoget

anytaller.Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,

environmentallevel,we''veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecan

go,saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightState

University.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheight

appearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeof

recruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,

demandscaloriesandnutrients-notably,protein-tofeed

expandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,

under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.But

asdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,on

average,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery

20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.Yet

accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,

averageheight-5*9"formen,5'4"forwomen-hasn''treally

changedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoiding

substantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemore

difficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,even

thoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeet

andbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannot

easilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.

Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegenetic

architectureoftheindividualorganism,saysanthropologist

WilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon，'texpectthisto

happensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistatthe

ArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percent

oftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithout

alteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,the

lengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.And

ifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesign

apieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,youcould

usetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.

第31題WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

A.illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

B.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S...

C.comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

D.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

12、

Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowth

accordingtothetext?

A.Geneticmodification.

B.Naturalenvironment.

C.Livingstandards.

D.Dailyexercise.

13、

Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormost

probablyagree?

A.Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

B.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

C.Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

D.Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

14、

Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

A.thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniform,size.

B.thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

C.genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.

D.theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

15、

Thetextintendstotellusthat

A.thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

B.humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

C.Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

D.thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

16、依據(jù)下列文章，回答36?40題。

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnited

States,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohe

hiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-having

extractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That,safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-chopping

Georgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.But

recently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontheroles

slaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.They

havebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,

whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredat

leastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthe

past30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottom

up.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromises

madebythenation，searlyleadersandthefragilenatureof

thecountry，sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmany

oftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong-andyetmost

didlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswere

hamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonand

Jeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalso

understoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomic

bedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithits

slaves.Owningslaveswas“l(fā)ikehavingalargebankaccount,“

saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,

HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.Thesouthernstates

wouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsfor

the“peculiarinstitution,includingaclausethatcounteda

slaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressional

representation.

Andthestatesmen'spolitical1ivesdependedonslavery.

Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictory

inthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesof

thesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,

JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;

thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslave

states.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings，schildren-thoughnot

Hemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.

Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreated

equalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduring

theRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhis

relativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Only

adecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislative

approvalinVirginia.

第36題GeorgeWashington，sdentalsurgeryismentionedto

A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthep