科技論文摘要的寫法

Abstract科技論文摘要的寫法1Skill

Training摘要是以提供文獻內(nèi)容梗概為目的，不加評論和補充解釋，簡明、準(zhǔn)確地記述文獻重要內(nèi)容的短文。一般文章應(yīng)附中文摘要和英文摘要。摘要應(yīng)具有獨立性和自含性，不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)圖表、冗長的數(shù)學(xué)公式和非公知公用的符號、縮略語。2基本特性它位于正文之前，中文摘要以200～300字為宜,英文摘要通常100-500個單詞（100~150

words

）,英文摘要內(nèi)容應(yīng)對照中文摘要進行翻譯。由于篇幅有限，必須十分簡練，開門見山，直截了當(dāng)，不使用多余的詞或生僻的詞也避免使用冗長的句子。3科技論文摘要大致包括三個部分：一、說明論文的主題二、介紹主要內(nèi)容

三、提出結(jié)論或建議科技論文的摘要，在結(jié)構(gòu)上和語言上相當(dāng)?shù)某淌交?摘要分類5根據(jù)內(nèi)容的不同,摘要可分為以下三大類:一是報道性摘要(informative

abstract):也信息型摘要或資料性摘要。其特點是全面、

簡要地概括論文的目的、方法、主要數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論。通常這種摘要可部分地取代閱讀全文。二是指示性摘要(indicative

abstract):也說明性摘要、描述性摘要或論點摘要。一般只用二、三句話概括論文的主題,而不涉及研究的材料、方法、論據(jù)和結(jié)論,多用于綜述、會議報告等。6三是報道—指示性摘要(informative-indicative

abstract):以報道性摘要的形式述論文中信息價值較高的部分,以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。7此外,目前大多數(shù)刊物倡導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要(structured

abstract),即報道性摘要的結(jié)構(gòu)化表達,在內(nèi)容上大致包括目的(Objective)、設(shè)計(Design)、地點

Setting)、對象(participants

or

subjects)、處

(Interventions)、主要測定項目(Main

outcome

measures)、結(jié)果(Results)、結(jié)論(Conclusion)主要方面,強調(diào)論文摘要應(yīng)含有較多的信息量。與非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要相比,全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要觀點更明確,信息量更大,更符合計算機數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立和使用要求。8據(jù)統(tǒng)計，目前世界上約有60％的核心生物醫(yī)學(xué)期刊采用結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要，但此種摘要不適合綜述之類的文章。摘要的要素包括目的（objective）、方法（methods）、結(jié)果（results）和結(jié)論（conclusion）四部分。9結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要的書寫方法10目的（What

I

want

todo?）

：應(yīng)簡要說明研究的目的和意義，一般用1-2句話簡要說明即可，不必太過冗長。目的部分的文字最好不是對文題的簡單重復(fù)。1）

Eliminate

or

minimize

background

information．2）

Avoid

repeating

the

title

or

part

of

the

title

insentence

of

the

abstract.常用英文表達方式英文常以動詞不定式“To+動詞原形”開頭11To

assess?;To

determine

whether?;To

study?;To

examine

?;To

investigate

?.

and

?;

To

evaluate

?

andcompare

?;To

improve?;To

describe

?;To

explore

?;To

clarify;To

identify

?。方法(How

I

did

it?)

：12論文對研究對象進行研究的過程中所運用的原理、理論、條件、材料、工藝、結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)備、手段、程序等，是完成研究對象的必要手段。

(可寫可不寫)動詞用過去時態(tài)。常用英文表達方式13be

carried

out(performed,

made,conducted)developedemployedderivedsynthesizedmonitoreddeterminedmeasuredobservedrecordedexaminedidentifiedtestedcalculatedproposedevaluatedby

means

ofby

the

use

ofin

the

presence

of

…in

the

absence

of

…結(jié)果(What

results

did

I

get?)：14作者運用研究方法對研究對象進行實驗、研究所得到的結(jié)果、效果、性能、數(shù)據(jù)，被確定的關(guān)系等，是進行科研所得的成果。描述結(jié)果要盡量用具體數(shù)據(jù)，而不要過于籠統(tǒng)。謂語動詞用過去時態(tài)。（不）相符的表示方法16…

(to

be)

in

good

agreement

with…

(to

be)

consistent

with

……

(to

be)

essentially

identical

with

……

(to

be)

contrary

to

……

(to

be)

in

contrast

with

…結(jié)論(What

conclusions

can

Idraw?)

：17作者對結(jié)果的分析、研究、比較、評價、應(yīng)用、提出的問題等，是結(jié)果的總結(jié)，顯示研究結(jié)果

的可靠性、實用性、創(chuàng)新性，體現(xiàn)論文研究的

價值與學(xué)術(shù)水平，突出論文的主要貢獻和創(chuàng)新、獨到之處。動詞時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。最好直接寫結(jié)論,也可用一些句型引出結(jié)論。常用英文表達方式18?is

?;The

author’s/Our

suggestion

(conclusion)

isthat

…;This

study/article

shows

(suggests,

confirms,reveals,

indicates,

demonstrates

)that?;It

was

shown(found,discovered,

concluded,revealed

)that

…It

can

be

seen

that

…These

observations

support

?英文摘要的時態(tài)19目的說明，用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。材料、方法和結(jié)果部分,除指示性說明外，一律用一般過去時。過去完成時只用于說明研究前的情況或研究中某一點時間之前發(fā)生的情況。結(jié)論部分：凡陳述研究的材料、方法和結(jié)果時,一律用過去時;

分析結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因時,或

者提出結(jié)論性意見時,

如果作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義,

可用現(xiàn)在時;

如果作者認(rèn)為自己的分析或結(jié)論只限于本研究范圍或者僅是一種可能性,則用一般過去時為好。20英文摘要的人稱和語態(tài)21有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的作者和審稿人認(rèn)為,

科技論文的撰寫應(yīng)使用第三人稱、過去時和被動語態(tài)。但調(diào)查表明,

科技論文中被動語態(tài)的使用在1920-1970年曾比較流行,

但由于主動語態(tài)的表達更為準(zhǔn)確,

且更易閱讀,

因而目前大多數(shù)期刊都提倡使用主動語態(tài)。國際知名科技期刊“Nature”,

“Cell”等尤其如此,

其中第一人稱和主動語態(tài)的使用十分普遍。為了解專業(yè)期刊對寫作風(fēng)格的規(guī)定,

有人隨機抽查了500份醫(yī)學(xué)和生物學(xué)英文期刊的“讀者須知”統(tǒng)計表明,

82%的期刊沒有文風(fēng)方面的規(guī)定?？梢?

為簡潔、清楚地表達研究成果,

在論文摘要的撰寫中不應(yīng)刻意回避第一人稱和主動語態(tài)。注意問題22中文摘要前加“摘要：”或“[摘要]”作為

標(biāo)志，英文摘要前加“Abstract:”作為標(biāo)志。盡量用短句。以重要事實開頭，不以輔助從句開頭，敘述要完整，清楚簡明，盡量用短句，并避免句型單一。提倡使用非謂語短語和介詞短語進行邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)，提倡使用公知的縮略語，不常用或新的術(shù)語首次出現(xiàn)時用全稱，以后用簡寫。描述作者的工作一般用過去時態(tài)，但在陳述由這些工作所得出的結(jié)論時，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。少用復(fù)合句。避免使用一長串形容詞或名詞來修飾名詞，要組織好句序,使動詞盡量靠近主語。一般都應(yīng)使用動詞的主動語態(tài)，如：寫成Aexceeds

B比寫成B

is

exceeded

by

A更好。摘要中不要出現(xiàn)公式、圖表及特殊的字符。不使用俚詞外語表達概念，慎用行話和俗語，應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。23刪繁從簡24例如：

at

a

temperature

of

250℃

to

300℃

→

at250

to

300℃at

a

high

pressure

of

2

kPa

→

at

2

kPahas

been

found

to

increase

→

increased

from

the

experimental

results,

it

can

beconcluded

that

→

the

results

show能用名詞做定語時就不要用動名詞25例如:

measuring

accuracy

→measurementaccuracy能用動詞、形容詞的情況盡量避免用動詞的名詞形式例如:

measurement

of

thickness

of

plastic

shewas

made

→

thickness

of

plastic

sheets

wmeasuredexperiment

results

→experimental

resu可直接用名詞或名詞短語作定語的情況下，要少用of句型例如:

accuracy

of

measurement

→

measurementaccuracystructure

of

crystal

→

crystal

structur26

通常論文摘要的第一句點題常用的句型有：The

author

/writer

of

the

article

rev(presents,

gives,

points

out,

discusses,

antries

to

describe,

explores,

holds,

deals

wsummarizes,

examines,

investigates,

reseainto…)27(2)Thisarticle

/paper/essay)

approach28(holds,

reports,

reviews，touches

upon,of,

is

about,

concerns…)介紹內(nèi)容的句子 常用的句型有：Examples

of

…demonstrate

that

…Statistics

confirm

that

…29注意在英文摘要中，句子的主語通常使用第三人稱，動詞的時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。30論文摘要的寫作示例講解1.松嫩平原鹽堿土對水稻葉綠素含量的影響31摘要:采用盆栽法，研究了不同鹽堿脅迫對吉89-45和吉農(nóng)大10的葉綠素總量、葉綠素a和葉綠素b含量的影響。結(jié)果表明，同一鹽堿脅迫處理下，生育前期葉綠素含量低，之后逐漸增加，到抽穗期達最大值，然后又開始下降，2個品種葉綠素含量變化趨

勢基本一致。各處理的葉綠素含量始終低于對照。另外，不同處理中葉綠素a含量的變化范圍始終大

于葉綠素b含量的變化范圍。關(guān)鍵詞:鹽堿脅迫;水稻;葉綠素含量1.

Effect

of

Saline-Alkali

Soil

from

Songnen

PlainChlorophyll

Content

in

RiceAbstract:

Effect

of

different

saline-alkali

stress

on

chlchlorophyll

a

and

chlorophyll

b

contents

of

two

rice

culti89-45

and

Jinongda

10)

were

studied

with

pot

experiments.chlorphyll

contents

were

low

at

the

early

growth

stage,

thincreased

gradually

and

reached

the

highest

value

at

the

fand

milk

stage,

and

no

difference

in

change

tendency

of

chlcontent

between

the

two

cultivars

was

found.

Chlorphyll

cunder

the

stress

treatment

were

lower

than

those

under

contreatment.

In

addition,

the

variable

range

of

chlorphyllwas

always

wider

than

that

of

chlorophyll

b

content.Key

words:

saline-alkali

stress;

rice;

chlorophyll

conten322.轉(zhuǎn)C4

基因水稻的生理表現(xiàn)33摘要:以C3水稻原種(WT)和C4玉米為材料,研究了轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+

PPDK+ME基因水稻(PKM)的C4光合酶活性、不同光溫條件下光合參數(shù)和水分利用效率、活性氧代謝等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明,PKM水稻飽和光合速率介于WT和C4玉米之間,稍偏向玉米,而水分利用效率與WT接近。由于玉米C4基因的導(dǎo)入,PKM水稻高表達了相關(guān)的C4光合酶。在高光和高溫條件下,PKM水稻光合速率比原種提高55%以上。另外,雖然PKM水稻光合速率增加,但蒸騰速率亦升高,因此PKM水稻的水分利用效率略有增加,偏向原種。在光氧化條件下,PKM水稻耐光氧化能力進一步增強關(guān)鍵詞:轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻;光合特性;水分利用效率2.

Physiological

Performance

of

TransgenicRice Expressing

C4

Genes34Abstract

:

In

this

study

,

the

activities

of

C4photosynthetic

enzymes

(including

PEPC

,

PPDK,

MEand

MDH)

,

t

he

gas

exchange

parameter

s

and

water

usefficiency

(WUE)

under

different

light

intensitiestemperatures

,

and

the

metabolic

index

of

active

oxywere

determined

in

transgenic

rice

carrying

PEPC

,

PK

and

ME

genes

(

PKM)

,

taking

the

C3

typeuntransformed

rice(WT)

and

maize

(a

C4

plant

)

ascontrols.The

result

showed

that

the

light-saturated35photosynthetic

rate

of

PKM

was

intermediate

betweWT

and

maize,

with

a

slight

bias

towards

maize,

whit

he

WUE

of

PKM

was

similar

to

WT.

The

C4photosynthetic

enzymes

were

highly

expressed

in

tPKM.

Under

the

conditions

of

high

photon

flux

densiand

high

temperature

,

the

photosynthetic

rate

of

Pincreased

by

55

%,

as

compare

to

WT.

Though

Pn

ofPKM

increase,

its

transpiration

rate

was

also

incrThus

the

WUE

of

CK

was

only

slightly

increased

,

and

wsimilar

to

WT.

In

addition

,

the

resistance

of

CK

to

poxidation

was

enhanced

under

the

photo-oxidativeconditions.

Based

on

the

above

results

,

CK

possessesenhanced

photosynthetic

productivity

,

providing

a

ntechnical

approach

and

physiological

basis

for

consC4

like

rice

with

enhanced

photosynthetic

efficiencyhigh

yields.Key

words

:

Transgenic

rice

;

Photosynthetic

parameWater

use

efficiency363.生活污水對三角帆蚌生長及養(yǎng)殖水體微37生物群的影響摘要：2006年4月23日～5月15日在浙江省紹興官渡三角帆蚌養(yǎng)殖基地,用密網(wǎng)圍成四個網(wǎng)箱,各網(wǎng)箱分

別投放2L、4L、8L、0L(對照)生活污水,吊高30cm,定期檢測各網(wǎng)箱中細(xì)菌、霉菌、放線菌、酵母菌四

大類微生物。研究結(jié)果表明:在所用的生活污水濃度范圍內(nèi),生活污水的濃度越高,三角帆蚌的生長越好;投放的生活污水能增加水體中的細(xì)菌數(shù)量,投放越多,細(xì)菌數(shù)量增加越大;水體放線菌和霉菌的數(shù)量隨著投放污水量的增加而顯著增加;生活污水的投放與否以及投放的量與酵母菌之間沒有明顯的關(guān)系;從研究中可以得出生活污水有利于三角帆蚌養(yǎng)殖水體中微生物的生存,有利于三角帆蚌的生長。關(guān)鍵詞：三角帆蚌;生活污水;細(xì)菌;霉菌383.

Effect

of

Sewage

on

the

Living

of

Hyriopsis39Cumingii

andthe

Microorganism

inWaterAbstract:

The

experiment

was

carried

on

the

breedibase

of

Hyriopsis

Cumingii

in

Guandu

Village,Shaoxing,

Zhejiang

Province

from

April

23

to

May

1in

2006.We

prepared

four

cages.

In

each

cage,

wehanged

20

Hyriopsis

Cumingii

which

the

initial

weiof

about

190g,

crane

30cm

high.

Putting

2L，4L，8L0L(control)

sewage

into

different

cage.

Testing

tquantity

of

bacteria,

streptomyces,

actinomyces

ayeast

in

each

cage

regularly.The

results

showed

that

in

the

concentration

of40sewage,

the

Hyriopsis

Cumingii

lives

in

sewagewith

higher

concentration

grow

better.

TheHyriopsis

lives

in

the

sewage

with

highestconcentration

weights

higher

than

the

othertreatment

and

control

groups

obviously.

Thesewage

would

increase

the

number

of

bacteria

inthe

water.

And

the

more

sewage,

the

greaterincrease

in

the

number

of

bacteria.

With

theincrease

in

the

volume

of

sewage,

the

number

ofbacteria

and

fungi

in

water

increased

significantlyWhether

put

sewage

or

not

and

the

volume

of

the

sewag41has

no

obvious

relationship

with

the

number

of

yeastcan

be

drawn

from

the

study

that

sewage

benefits

thesurvival

of

microorganisms

in

Hyriopsis

mussel貽貝

aquaculture

waters,

and

is

conducive

to

the

growth

oHyriopsis

Cumingii.Keyword：Hyriopsis

cumingii;

sewage;

bacteria;

moul4.利用離果山羊草3C染色體誘導(dǎo)簇毛麥4V染色體結(jié)構(gòu)變異摘要:通過普通小麥農(nóng)林26-離果山羊草3C異附加系與普通小麥-簇毛麥4V(4D)代換系雜交,雜交F1代與普通小麥回交,綜合運用染色體構(gòu)型分析、C-分帶和熒光原位雜交等技術(shù)從BC1F2

、BC1F3

代中鑒定出涉及簇毛麥4V染色體的易位系、端體、等臂

染色體系等變異植株,表明離果山羊草3C染色體可有效誘發(fā)簇毛麥4V染色體結(jié)構(gòu)變異,是創(chuàng)造小麥-簇毛麥4V易位系的一種有效途徑。關(guān)鍵詞:殺配子效應(yīng);簇毛麥;C-分帶;熒光原位雜交易位42434.

Structural

Changes

of

4V

Chromosome

of

Haynaldia

villInduced

by

Gametocidal

Chromosome

3C

of

AegilopstriuncialisAbstract

:Chromosome

3C

of

Aegilops

triuncialis

was

discowith

ability

to

be

transferred

preferentially

in

the

case

omonosomic

status

in

wheat

background

,

whereas

,

those

gamewithout

3C

would

result

in

chromosome

structural

changesincluding

deletions

and

translocations.

In

the

present

stTriticum

aestivum-Haynaldia

villosa

substitution

line

4Vdeveloped

in

our

laboratory

,

was

crossed

to

T.

aestivum

c.26-

Aegilops

triuncialis

3C

addition

line

,

and

the

hybridsthen

backcrossed

with

common

wheat

in

order

to

induce

strucchanges

of

4V.

Both

chromosome

C-banding

and

genomic

in

sihybridization

was

applied

to

search

such

chromosome

variaIn

this

case

,

total

genomic

DNA

of

Haynaldia

villosa

was

laby

Biotin211-dUTP

as

probes

and

total

genomic

DNA

of

ChinesSpring

as

the

block.Moreover,

several

chromosome

changes

within

common

wheat44such

as

isochromosome

1BL.

1BL

(B3922)

and

others

were

alsrevealed.

The

result

indicated

that

two

translocation

lin3AS(A4721023)

and

T4VS.

4DL

(A4722524)

,

two

telocentricchromosome

lines

A472722

(4VS)

and

A4723222

(4VL)

,

andtwo

isochromosomes

including

4VS.

4VS(A47223)

and

4VL.4VL

(A4122524)were

identified

from

BC1F2

or

BC1F3

.

Thisresult

indicated

that

gametocidal

chromosome

3C

of

Aegilotriuncialis

could

effectively

induce

structural

changeschromosome

4V

of

Haynaldia

villosa

and

chromosomes

ofwheat

.Key

words

:gametocidal

effect

;

Haynaldia

villosa

;

C-bangenomic

in

situ

hybridization摘要寫作的常用詞和詞組45control

group

對照組this

article/the

present

study/

this

study本文/本研究previous/

earlier

studies 先期研究a

retrospective

study 回顧性研究a

prospective

study

前瞻性研究as

described

in

the

literature

如文獻所述關(guān)鍵詞46關(guān)鍵詞的作用⑴體現(xiàn)論文核心內(nèi)容；⑵通過關(guān)鍵詞可查到該論文。１.選用關(guān)鍵詞的原則:關(guān)鍵性原則:明確表達論文的核心內(nèi)容。有代表性，有利于檢索和查詢，理解定位。專指性原則：空泛的、無標(biāo)引作用的詞不能用，如漫談、分析探討、意義、特色等詞。全文性原則：不僅考慮標(biāo)題，還要全文提取關(guān)鍵詞。邏輯性原則：關(guān)鍵詞按外延范圍從大到小排列。有邏輯關(guān)系，層層深入顯示主題內(nèi)容。一致性原則：中英文關(guān)鍵詞在內(nèi)涵和外延上應(yīng)該完全一致。472.選擇關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)注意問題⑴關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)體現(xiàn)論文核心內(nèi)容；⑵一般文章應(yīng)標(biāo)注中文關(guān)鍵詞和英文關(guān)鍵詞。每文章可選3～8個關(guān)鍵詞。⑶盡可能不用英文縮寫；⑷除專用名詞外,關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)是詞典中能查到的詞，不要自造；⑸多個關(guān)鍵詞之間應(yīng)用分號分隔，以便于計算機自動切分。(6)中、英文關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)一一對應(yīng)。中文關(guān)鍵詞前應(yīng)冠以“關(guān)鍵詞：”或“[關(guān)鍵詞]”，英文關(guān)鍵詞前冠以“Key

words：”作為標(biāo)志。Homework48動物轉(zhuǎn)基因新技術(shù)研究進展摘要：動物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是將外源基因?qū)雱游矬w內(nèi)，外源基因隨機整合或定點整合（打靶）在染色體基因組上并得到表達和遺傳的生物技術(shù)。該技術(shù)自發(fā)現(xiàn)以來,在畜牧業(yè)、醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)、環(huán)境保護以及新型生物材料等領(lǐng)域已得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。本文主要就近年來迅速發(fā)展起來的慢病毒載體導(dǎo)入法、精原干細(xì)胞法、鋅指核酸酶介導(dǎo)的基因打靶、RNA干擾介導(dǎo)的基因沉默等新的高效轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)進行了概述。關(guān)鍵詞:轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)；動物；慢病毒載體；精原干細(xì)胞；鋅指核酸酶；RNA干擾Key

words:

transgenic

technology;

animal;

lentivectorsspermatogonial

stem

cells;

zinc-finger

nucleases;

RNAinterferenceProgress

in

Research

of

Animal

Transgenic

Technology49Abstract：Animal

transgenic

technology

refers

to

the

transfer

oexogenous

gene

into

animal

genome

by

random

or

site-specificintegration

and

the

foreign

gene

can

be

expressed

and

inherited

toffspring.

Various

technologies

in

animal

transgenesis

have

nowwidely

applied

to

areas

such

as

animal

husbandry,

medical

industrenvironmental

protection

and

new

biological

materials

productioarticle

reviews

the

recently

developed

technologies

based

on

lenspermatogonial

stem

cells,

zinc

finger

nucleases

and

RNA

interfeKey

words:

transgenic

technology;

animal;

lentivectors;

spermatstem

cells;

zinc-finger

nucleases;

RNA

interference轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻的光合特性50摘要：【目的】系統(tǒng)研究ATP處理后轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻的光合特性，證明ATP是增強轉(zhuǎn)C4基因水稻光合能力的關(guān)鍵因子?！痉椒ā恳栽N和轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻為材料，進行了PCR檢測，C4

光合酶活性的測定。通過ATP處理后，分析了光、溫—光合曲線和活性氧代謝有關(guān)指標(biāo)，統(tǒng)計分析了相關(guān)的產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素?！窘Y(jié)果】原種中雖有全套的C4光合酶，但活性很低。PCR檢測出玉米的PEPC和PPDK基因轉(zhuǎn)入普通水稻后，轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻高表達了C4光合酶活性。在高光和高溫條件下，同未施ATP的相比，ATP處理后轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻光合速率分別提高17%和12%。在光氧化條件下，耐光氧化能力進一步增強，產(chǎn)量提高15%。【結(jié)論】ATP處理后,轉(zhuǎn)PEPC+PPDK雙基因水稻增強了光合生產(chǎn)力，表明ATP是設(shè)計類似C4水稻的關(guān)鍵因子。關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻；光合特性；C4光合途徑；ATPKey

words:

Transgenic

rice;

Photosynthetic

characteristics;

C4

photpathway;

ATPPhotosynthetic

Characteristics

of

Transgenic

Rice

with

PEPC+PPDK

GeAbstract:【Objective】The

aim

of

this

paper

is

to

study

photosyntheticcharacteristics

of

PEPC+PPDK

transgenic

ric