2022年中考英語(yǔ)外研版總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-題型四短文還原

題型四短文還原第1招邏輯判斷

理解空前與空后的句子的大意,根據(jù)意思的連貫性、邏輯性或線索從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。如:DoyouknowwhichsocialappChineseyoungpeopleusealotnow?SomeusersuseTikTok(抖音)andKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntoshareshortvideosabouttheirlives,whileothershaveotherpurposesaswell.

A.Idon’tlikewaitingforaprogramtoend.B.“Shortvideos”arecertainlythemostpopular.C.Butaftertheybuytheproducts,theymayregretsoon.D.Oneofthevideoswonheraboutonemillionfans.E.Icanmakemoneywithshortvideos.F.However,someyoungChinesefeelboredwithsomeshortvideos.【解析】第一句是特殊疑問(wèn)句,所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。又根據(jù)下一句“SomeusersuseTikTokandKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntoshareshortvideosabouttheirlives”,一些使用者使用抖音和快手,他們認(rèn)為用短視頻分享他們的生活是有趣的。可知選B可以保持文章的連貫性和邏輯性。第2招詞匯鎖定

①重點(diǎn)關(guān)注空前和空后的名詞和動(dòng)詞,然后在備選項(xiàng)中尋找它們的近義詞、反義詞、同義詞、同類詞等。②注意一些專有名詞和代詞,以及表示時(shí)間、年代、地點(diǎn)、名稱等的線索詞匯。如:What’scausingglobal(全球的)warming?Isitman-made?Oraretemperaturessimplychangingnaturally?Whateverthecase,wecanatleasttrytoslowthingsdown.Buthow?TheWildernessProjecthasanidea..Iftheearthhasmoretrees,greenhousegaseswillbereduced,andthiswillhelpstopglobalwarming.

A.HewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworldB.TheysuggestthatweshouldplantmoretreesC.AnotherquestionishowquicklythesealevelwillriseD.ManycountriesarecallingonpeopletoplantmoretreesE.What’smore,theyimprovehumanhealthbyproducingoxygen(氧氣)【解析】空前的TheWildernessProject是一個(gè)環(huán)保組織,此句表示“荒野計(jì)劃有個(gè)辦法”,空后的關(guān)鍵詞為trees,根據(jù)鎖定的詞匯TheWildernessProject、idea和trees可以推測(cè)空缺句子表示:荒野計(jì)劃這個(gè)組織提出了解決全球變暖的方法,內(nèi)容和樹有關(guān),所以正確選項(xiàng)為B。第3招關(guān)聯(lián)詞切入

①句段之間常使用不同意義的關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示過(guò)渡和連接,使文章連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)層次清楚。②常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞:表示并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、時(shí)間順序等。如:Longago,aspeoplegotolder,therewassomethingwrongwiththeirteethanditwouldbeverypainful.

Laterpeoplelearnedthatcleaningtheirteethwasimportant,buttheydidn’thavetoothpaste(牙膏)atthattime.A.Theyusedlemonjuice,saltorotherthingstocleantheirteeth.B.ToothbrushingbecamepopularduringtheWorldWarⅠ.C.Fluoridemakesyourteethstrongandhealthy.D.Todaythey’remadeofsoftplasticandaremucheasiertouse!E.Toavoidtoothache,theyhadtheirteethpulledout.【解析】空后的later表示“之后”,根據(jù)Laterpeoplelearnedthatcleaningtheirteethwasimportant“之后人們了解到清潔牙齒很重要”,說(shuō)明第一段的時(shí)候人們還不知道刷牙,牙疼后得將壞牙拔出,所以正確選項(xiàng)為E。第4招設(shè)空在段首

①空缺處的句子通常是該段的主題句,需要通讀整個(gè)段落,提煉大意。②空缺處的句子與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系,重點(diǎn)閱讀空后第一、二句,鎖定線索詞,根據(jù)線索詞從選項(xiàng)中找到正確答案。③空缺處的句子是兩個(gè)段落間的過(guò)渡句,需要前瞻后望尋找啟示,將上段結(jié)尾和下段開始有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)。如:Tospeaktopeopleinaforeignlanguagerequirescourage.Somepeopleareafraidofmakingmistakes.Theyneveropentheirmouths.Andthat’sthebiggestmistakeofall.Nowifyouhavecourageandarereadytomakeafewmistakes.Whatwillyousay?Findingapropertopicishalfthebattle.Sometopics,suchastheweatherandnews,workwell.Butothers,suchasage,moneyorpeople’slookdonot.Thefollowingaresomewaystostartaconversation.

A.Itwasnicetalkingtoyou.B.Firstofall,youhavetostartaconversation.C.Firstly,bewillingtomakemistakes.D.Couldyouspeakmoreslowly,please?E.Didyouhearaboutthatterribleforestfire?【解析】第一段表示“用外語(yǔ)同他人交流需要勇氣”,根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thefollowingaresomewaystostartaconversation.可知空缺句子表示“開始一段對(duì)話”,所以正確選項(xiàng)是B。第5招設(shè)空在段中

注意結(jié)合設(shè)空前后的句子,根據(jù)上下文句意或情節(jié)的發(fā)展來(lái)確定正確答案。如:Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takinghelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.C.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.D.Writedownwhatyouhavelearned.E.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.F.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.【解析】根據(jù)后文的Second,Third可知空缺處需要含有First等表示“首先”的詞,所以正確選項(xiàng)是F。第6招設(shè)空在段尾

①通常是結(jié)論、概括性的語(yǔ)句,注意表示總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞。②與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)比、對(duì)立關(guān)系。③與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系,注意段落一致性原則,在原文和選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞。如:Ifyourequirestrengthineitherbodyormind,redmaybeofsomehelptoyou.Redisthecolorofheat.Itrepresentspowerandstrongfeelings.Wearingredcanalsomakeiteasiertotakeaction.

A.Warmcolors.B.Greencangiveyouenergy.C.Bluecanalsorepresentsadness.D.Youmaywonderwhetheritistrue.E.Othersthinkthatcolorscanchangepeople’smoods.F.Thismayhelpwhenyouarehavingdifficultymakingadecision.【解析】此題設(shè)空在段尾。整段講的都是跟red有關(guān)的內(nèi)容,所以B和C可以排除。根據(jù)第一句Ifyourequirestrengthineitherbodyormind,redmaybeofsomehelptoyou.如果你的身體或精神需要力量,紅色都能給你一定的幫助。根據(jù)第四句Wearingredcanalsomakeiteasiertotakeaction.穿紅色衣服能使行動(dòng)變得更容易。根據(jù)段落的一致性原則,可知正確選項(xiàng)為F。(2021·連云港中考)Therearenotmanynationsthatcansaytheirnationaldishhasbecomeinternational.1Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.Peoplehavebeeneatingpizza,inoneformoranother,forcenturies.Theyeatiteverywhere—athome,inrestaurants,oronstreetcorners.

2Longago,piecesofflatbread,toppedwithmushroomsandherbs(香料),wereasimpleandtastymeal.Theyweremostlyforthosewhodidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyplates,orwhowereonthego.Inthe18thcentury,Naples,insouthernItaly,hadbecomeoneofthelargestcitiesinEurope,anditwasgrowingfast.Lotsofcitypeoplewerepoorandtheywerealwaysrushingaroundtolookforwork.3Pizzaswerecuttomeetthecustomers’needs.Theywereinexpensive,usedeasy-to-findingredients(原料),andcouldbemadewithplentyofflavor.

ItwasinAmericathatpizzafounditssecondhome.4Soon,pizzaspreadacrossthecountrywiththerapiddevelopmentofthecity.Itwasincreasinglyconsideredasafastfood.PeoplemightlikeNewYork-stylethinpizza,orChicagodeep-dishthickpizza.Somewantextracheeseontheirpizzaswhileothersonlylikevegetables.5

Foralotofpeopleinwesterncountries,whentheycannotdecidewhattoeat,theyorderpizzas.A.Nobodyknowswherepizzacamefrom.B.Thesecretis,almosteveryonelikespizzas.C.Italyhastwosuchdishes,spaghettiandpizza.D.AnumberofpeoplerefusedtoeatpizzasinItaly.E.Theyneededfoodthatwascheapandeasytoeat.F.In1905,thefirstpizzeria,Lombardi’s,wasopenedinNewYorkCity.G.Theword“pizza”camefromtheLatinword“pinsa”meaningflatbread.第一步:讀全文·知大意本文講述了比薩的歷史。第二步:讀答案·找關(guān)鍵根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的everyonelikes,cheapandeasytoeat,thefirstpizzeria可知本文主要介紹了比薩的產(chǎn)生和受歡迎程度。第三步:理邏輯·定答案1.【解析】選C。根據(jù)“Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.”可知,此處描述的是關(guān)于意大