形容詞和副詞語法專項練習(xí)人教版八年級英語上冊

人教版形容詞和副詞一、形容詞（修飾名詞、代詞或名詞性短語的詞）1.形容詞的一般用法：（1）名詞前，作定語，譯為“……的”。It’sacoldandwindyday.（2）系動詞后，作表語(系動詞:be動詞;感官動詞:look,feel,smell,sound….)。Helookshappytoday.賓語后，作補語。Doyouthinkitnecessary?作狀語。Hearrivedhome,hungryandtired.形容詞在句中的位置：修飾名詞，放在名詞前。Thisisalovelydog.（2）something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink？（3）表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后?！狧owlongistheriver?—It’sabouttwohundredmeterslong.（4）有些形容詞只能放在系動詞后面作表語，不能放在名詞前面修飾名詞。如：afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightened.Themanisill.（對） Theillmanismyuncle.（錯）Thebabyisasleep.（對） Heisaasleepbaby.（錯）（5）只能作定語的形容詞：little小的;only唯一的;wooden木質(zhì)的;woolen羊毛質(zhì)的;elder年長的例：MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.（對）Mybrotheriselder.（錯）（6）常見以“l(fā)y”結(jié)尾的形容詞：lonely;friendly;lively;lovely;likely;silly;ugly…有些名詞加y可變形容詞?！铩锶纾簉ainrainy下雨的 snowsnowy下雪的 cloudcloudy陰天的sunsunny晴朗的 windwindy有風(fēng)的 saltsalty咸的二、副詞（修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞）1.副詞的基本用法：（1）副詞用來修飾形容詞、其他副詞，一般放在被修飾詞之前。例：Heplaysthepianoverywell.Heworksveryhard.Theseflowersarequitebeautiful.（2）副詞用來修飾動詞，可以放在句首、句中或句末。例：Theylivehappily.Theyarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.Usually,Idomyhomeworkintheevening.Ioftengetupatseven.注意：1)按一般規(guī)則，既有時間狀語又有地點狀語，先地點后時間。如：Hehadameetingintheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.HewatchedTVathomelastnight.2)連系動詞不用副詞修飾，直接加形容詞作表語。常見的連系動詞有：feel,smell,get,bee,turn,look,taste等。如：Youlookhappy.副詞的分類：時間副詞：today,early,soon,now,then,ago,before,recently,later,still等。頻度副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardy,never,ever等（行前，be/助/情后）。地點副詞：here,there,in,out,inside,outside,somewhere,forward等。方式副詞：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly等。程度副詞：pretty,very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite,really等。疑問副詞：where,how,when,why等。否定副詞：no,not,neither,nor其他：also,too,only三、形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則：1）直接加ly如：quick—quickly slow—slowly quiet—quietly careful—carefully2）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y改為i，再加ly。如：lucky—luckilyheavy—heavily healthy—healthily3）以le結(jié)尾，去掉e，加y如：fortable—fortablyimpossible—impossibly4）元音字母加e結(jié)尾，去掉e，加ly如：true—truly注意：（1）并不是以ly結(jié)尾的單詞都是副詞，名詞加ly可變成形容詞。如：friendfriendly友好的lovelovely可愛的brotherbrotherly兄弟般的sistersisterly姐妹般的（2）形容詞和副詞同形的單詞有：back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級1.名言：Bloodisthickerthanwater.血濃于水。Agoodfameisbetterthanagoodface.美名勝過美貌。Thegreatesttalkeraretheleastdoers.理論的巨人，行動的矮子。2.形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級的規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則原級比較級最高級直接+er或esttallsmalltallersmallerthetallestthesmallest有e+r或stnicelargenicerlargerthenicestthelargest以輔加y結(jié)尾,改y為i再加erdryheavydrierheavierthedriesttheheaviest以重讀閉音節(jié)，輔元輔結(jié)尾,雙寫尾字母再加er或estbigthinbiggerthinnerthebiggestthethinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,原級前加more或mostdeliciousbeautifulmoredeliciousmorebeautifulthemostdeliciousthemostbeautiful注意:1)表示否定意義在其前加less/least例：肯定：important（重要的）—moreimportant（更重要的）—themostimportant（最重要的）否定：—lessimportant（更不重要的）—theleastimportant（最不重要的）EnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.2)由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成的副詞（除earlyearlierearlier），在其前加more/themost變成比較級和最高級。例：slowly—moreslowly—themostslowly原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(距離)further(程度)farthestfurthest3.不規(guī)則變化注意：下列單、雙音節(jié)詞的形容詞比較級和最高級分別只能加more和most原級比較級最高級like(相似的)morelikemostlikereal(真的)morerealmostrealtired(困的)moretiredmosttiredoften(經(jīng)常地)moreoftenmostoften五、形容詞、副詞等級的用法1.原級的用法（1）只能修飾原級的詞：very,quite,so,too,prettyHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.（2）原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)A=B“A+謂語+as/so+adj/adv的原級+as+B”，表示“A和B一樣”TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.例：Sheisas______asLily.A.cleverB.clevererC.morecleverA＜B—“A+謂語+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+B”表示“A不如B……”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.2.比較級的用法1）可以修飾比較級的詞：much,alot,far……得多,alittle,abit有點兒,even甚至,still仍然,rather,agreatdealof大大的,twice2倍,fivetimes5倍,ahalf一半等例:LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.2）比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：“甲+謂語+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”例：TomistallerthanKate.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.3）進(jìn)行選擇性比較時，可用“Which/Who+謂語+形容詞比較級,AorB?”表示“A和B中，哪一個更……？”例：Whoistaller,LucyorLily?4）“比較級+and+比較級”，表示“越來越……”例：Itbeeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringes.5）“the+比較級……,the+比較級……”表示“越……，越……”例：Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend. 6）“甲+謂語+the+形容詞比較級+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是兩者中較……的”例：Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.7）形容詞最高級前若有不定冠詞a，這時，它不表示比較，而表示“非常”的意思。例：Springisabestseason.春天是一個非常好的季節(jié)。3.最高級的用法1）A+謂語+the+形容詞/副詞的最高級+表示范圍的短語（of/in）例：Heisthetallestofalltheboys.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.注意：副修動時，最高級前the省略。2）A+謂語+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級+單數(shù)名詞+表示范圍（表示“第幾最……”）例：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.3）A+謂語三單+oneof+the+形容詞的最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（表示“最……的之一”）例：Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.4）“特殊疑問詞+謂語+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙?”用于三者以上的比較。（表示“哪個最……”）例：Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?5）最高級的修飾語：almost,nearly幾乎farandaway很byfar……得多注意：1.形容詞的最高級前有物主代詞、名詞所有格、指示代詞時，不用the。例：Thisismybestbookofall.2.相比較的兩者必須是同類.例：Mypencilislongerthan(Tim).3.比較時不能與自身相比（比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時，要把自身排除在外，用anyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時，直接用any+單數(shù)名詞）例：Heistallerthanboyinhisclass.=Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.Heistallerthanboyinourclass.A.anyB.anyother【綜合鞏固練習(xí)】一．寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級。1.high 2.fortable3.lucky 4.hardworking 5.little 6.outgoing7.fat 8.serious 9.nice 10.much 二.寫出下列形容詞的副詞。— 2.lucky— —4.clear— 5.quiet— 6.true—7.wonderful— 8.hard— —10.cheap— 11fortable— 12.beautiful—13.serious— 14.successful— 15.sudden—三.單項選擇。1.Garbagesorting(垃圾分類)encouragespeopletolivelifethanbefore.Itmakestheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.agreener B.thegreenest C.awilder2.NickisnotgoodatsportsMary.A.much;than B.as;so C.so;as3.—Mikeplaysthedrumssowonderfully!—Ofcourse.Heisthananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.muchtalented B.muchmoretalented C.lesstalented4.IthinkMarkisofalltheboysinourclass.A.outgoing B.moreoutgoing C.themostoutgoing5.I'mtallerthanmymother,butshorterthanmyfather.A.more B.alittle C.very6.LucycanplaythedrumsLily.A.asgoodas B.aswellas C.asbetteras7.IthinkJayChou's“Mojito”isthanhislastsong.A.morebetter B.moregood C.muchbetter8.—Tom,areyouboyinyourclass?—No,butJohnis.I'mshorterthanhim.A.thetallest B.theshortest C.theyoungest9.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninShanghai.A.it B.that C.this10.LiLeiisasashisfather.A.funnyandoutgoing B.morefunnyandoutgoing C.funnierandmoreoutgoing11.Cindy,yousingtheEnglishsongamongallthesingers.Congratulations!A.better B.best C.mostbeautiful12.ItwasahundredtimesthanI'dexpected.A.fun B.morefun C.themostfun13.Don'tkeepupwithhim.Herunsthanme.A.muchfaster B.morecarefully C.lesscarefully14.Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitistoday.A.evenhotter B.morehotter C.muchmorehot15.Whenspringes,itgets.A.warmandwarm B.colderandcolder C.warmerandwarmer16.—Howisyourcold,Tom?Didyoutakethemedicine?—Yes,threetimesaday.Butit'sgetting,Isuppose.Ihaveaheadachetoday.A.worse B.worst C.better17.—I'mproudofChangsha,ourhomeland.—SoamI.Itisbeing.A.moreandmorebeautifullyB.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful18.—Youmadegreatprogressonyourstudy.—Thankyou.Ibelieveyouwork,thebettergradesyouwillget.A.themorecareless B.themorecareful C.theharder19.ShanghaiislargerthancityinChina.A.any B.anyother C.theothers20.—WhatisriverinChina?—TheYangtzeRiver.It'sabout6,300kilometerslong.A.thelongest B.longer C.longest四.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe(clever)one.2.Gold(黃金)is(little)usefulthaniron(鐵).3.Mysisteristwoyears(old)thanI.4.Theboyisnotso(funny)ashisbrother.5.Dicksings(well),shesings(well)thanJohn.6.Shewillbemuch(happy)inhernewhouse.7.Sheis(calm)thanherfriend.8.Lucyisthe(outgoing)ofthetwogirls.9.Thisroomisnotas(big)asthatone.10.Helives(far)awayfromtheschoolthanIdo.11.Tomis_____________(tall)ofthethree.12.LiLeiis(young)boyinhisclass.13.IthinkEnglishis(interesting)ofallthesubjects.14.Davidhas(many)storybooksofallthestudents.15.LiLeispeaksEnglish(well)inhisgroup.16.Lucyruns(slow)inherclass.17.Thisis(difficult)bookinmybag.18.Whichis(far)ofthethreeplaces?19.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof(long)riversintheworld.20.Whichcityis(beautiful),Xi’an,BeijingorNanjing?五．句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1.BasketballismorepopularthanfootballintheUSA.(改為同義句)Footballis_________popularasbasketballintheUSA.2.Tomistall.Jimisshort.(合并為一句)Tomis__________________Jim.3.Mikeisnotasquietashisbrother.(改為同義句)Mike’sbrotheris__________________Mike.4.I’mactive.He’sactive,too.(合并為一句)Iam___________________________heis.5.Mydictionaryisn’tsothickasyours.Mydictionaryis_________thanyours.六．完成句子，每空一詞。1.我的哥哥比你高。Mybrotheris__________________you.2.他不如他的弟弟外向。Heisn’thisbrother.3.我想我比杰克高一點。IthinkIam___________________________thanJack.4.春天來了，天氣越來越暖和了。Springising,it’sgetting___________________________.5.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績就會越好。__________________youstudy,__________________gradesyouwillget.6.那個短發(fā)的女孩是我們班最高的。Thegirlwithshorthairis____________________inourclass.7.今天是一年中最熱的一天。Todayis____________________dayoftheyear.中國第二大城市是哪座城市？Whichis________________________________________inChina?9.他的房間是三個中最干凈的一個。Hisroomis____________________ofthethree.10.長江是世界上最長的河流之一。TheYangtzeRiverisintheworld.七.在空白處填上一個詞或括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.Dreamsarepowerfulandtheycandriveyoutoworkharderandbee(good)thanbefore.2.—Doesthedishtasteas(good)asitlooks?—Yes.Ican'twaittoeatit.3.(hard)weworkatEnglish,thebettergradeswewillget.4.Mygrandmaisareallyniceperson—oneof(nice)peopleIknow.5.Artisasimportantothersubjects.Itcanhelpusdevelopasenseofbeauty.6.—SuperBrainisahit(熱門)TVshowrecently.Whichpetitordoyoulikebest?—IthinkZhaoJinhaoisoneofthesmartest(petitor)amongthem.7.Emmalovesanimalsandlooksafterherpetdog(careful)thanherfriends.8.Dicksingswell.HesingsbetterthanJohn,butMarysings(well)inherclass.9.Protectingourselves(be)oneofthemostimportantthingswemustdo.10.Whichsubjectis(difficult),English,mathorChinese?11.Whois(tall),LucyorLily?12.TheSiberiantiger,knownastheNortheastTigerinChina,is(large)tigerofall.13.Marydances(good)thantheothergirlsinherclass.14.Theshortoneis(expensive)ofthefive.15.Sheisthe(young)ofthetwogirls.16.MycousinLiJingis(funny)personIknow.17.TheYellowRiveristhesecond(long)riverinChina.參考答案【鞏固練習(xí)】一．寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級。1.higherhighest 2.morefort