學(xué)案3：Discovering Useful Structures (grammar) 新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)

新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)PAGEPAGE3WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures(grammar)語(yǔ)法感知試分析下列句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。1．Thesunrisesintheeast.2．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.3．Englishismyfavoritesubject.4．MrSmithgaveusaspeechinthemeetingroomyesterday.5．Ifounditdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.自我歸納1．句1中主語(yǔ)為_______，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是_____，intheeast在句中作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________。2．句2中主語(yǔ)為__，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是_______，theenvironment作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為__________。3．句3中主語(yǔ)為_______，myfavoritesubject作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________。4．句4中MrSmith作__，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞gave后有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，分別是__和________。inthemeetingroom作____，yesterday作____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________________。5．句4中it作____，真正的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式。difficult作_____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________________。語(yǔ)法精析一、七種基本成分1．主語(yǔ)(Subject)：通常位于句首，表示句子所要說(shuō)明或描述的人或事物。名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等均可用作主語(yǔ)。Themeetingwilllastfortwohours.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Tofindabestfriendisdifficult.找到一個(gè)好朋友不容易。2．謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)：位于主語(yǔ)之后，說(shuō)明或描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。Weusuallygetupat6：30everyday.每天我們通常六點(diǎn)半起床。WepractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我們每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。3．表語(yǔ)(Predicative)：位于系動(dòng)詞之后，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)。TheyareforeignteachersfromAmerica.他們是來(lái)自美國(guó)的外教。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。4．賓語(yǔ)(Object)：位于動(dòng)詞之后，表示動(dòng)作的承受者。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)。Weoftendohomeworktogether.我們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè)。IhopeIcangotheretostudy.我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。5．定語(yǔ)(Attributive)：位置可在所修飾的詞前，也可在所修飾的詞后，對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說(shuō)明。一般由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))及句子等充當(dāng)。Thebeautifulgirlisherdaughter.這個(gè)漂亮的女孩是她女兒。Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在維修的建筑是我們的圖書館。6．狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)：位置靈活，可在句首、句中、句末，用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)；有時(shí)，形容詞(短語(yǔ))也可以作狀語(yǔ)。Iliketalkingonthephone.我喜歡電話聊天。Personally，Ithinktheteamthatwonfirstplacecheated.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為得第一名的那隊(duì)作弊了。7．補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(Complement)：起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，最常見的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等充當(dāng)。Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.醫(yī)生建議他做手術(shù)。二、五種基本句型英語(yǔ)中簡(jiǎn)單句是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等組成的，依其組合方式可分為五種基本句型。1．主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞(S＋Vi)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞。Thetimepassedquickly.主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)2．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋O)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Weplantedmanytreesinourhometown.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)3．主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(S＋V＋P)此句式側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用系動(dòng)詞(主要是be動(dòng)詞)。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)〖名師點(diǎn)津〗除了be動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞：(1)表感官的動(dòng)詞：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動(dòng)詞：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞：remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬間的動(dòng)詞：come，fall等。Theproblemremainstobesettled.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)4．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)〖名師點(diǎn)津〗雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面，主要有以下三類動(dòng)詞：(1)give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。這一類動(dòng)詞后的間接賓語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的短語(yǔ)。Pleasehandhimabook!＝Pleasehandabooktohim!請(qǐng)遞給他一本書。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。這一類動(dòng)詞后的間接賓語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Herfatherboughtherabike.＝Herfatherboughtabikeforher.她的父親給她買了一輛自行車。(3)ask，answer，take，cost等。這一類動(dòng)詞無(wú)法改變結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thecarcostme2,000yuanfortherepair.這次修車花了我兩千元。5．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋O＋C)這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)三、Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1．Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某時(shí))存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某時(shí))擁有什么東西”，其形式為“Therebe＋代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))＋地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”。(其實(shí)質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，如果是并列主語(yǔ)，要遵守鄰近原則。如：①Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。②Therearen'ttwochairsandadeskintheroom.房間里沒有兩把椅子和一張桌子。2．Thereis和Itis的區(qū)別Thereis...指客觀存在，主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)”；Itis意為“這/那是……”，用法廣泛，可用在多種表達(dá)中，如主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、形式主語(yǔ)等。①Thereissomeoneatthedoor.Ithinkitisthemantodeliverthepapers.門口有一個(gè)，我想是送報(bào)紙的人。②Itisafactthatourincomeisincreasing.我們的收入正在增長(zhǎng)，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。(形式主語(yǔ))課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分1．Hehandedmethenewspaper.(__)2．Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(____)3．WhatabeautifulChinesepainting！(__)4．Hisjobistotrainswimmers.(____)5．HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.(____)6．ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.(__)7．Hiswishistobecomeascientist.(____)8．Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.(____)9．Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.(__)10．HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.(________)11．Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.(____)12．Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.(____)13．Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(_________)14．Henoticedamanentertheroom.(_____)15．Theapplestastedsweet.(__)Ⅱ.判斷下列句子是什么句型的簡(jiǎn)單句1．Theylefthimstandingoutside.(_____)2．Thesunrisesintheeast.(__)3．Shepretendednottoseeme.(___)4．ShenamedhersonHenry.(_____)5．IwonderhowtolearnEnglishwell.(___)6．Shecan'thelplaughing.(___)7．Ihopethatyouwillcome.(___)8．WearetobemarriedinMay.(___)9．Thepupilswishedtheirteacher“Goodmorning”．(_____)10．Hewillcomeassoonasheisready.(__)課時(shí)作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ.用簡(jiǎn)單句翻譯句子1．我們的英語(yǔ)老師非常年輕而且有耐心。______________________________________________2．他兩年前從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。________________________________________3．他經(jīng)常給我們提供一些好的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。__________________________________________________________________________4．他盡力使得他的課活潑有趣。____________________________________________________5．他要求我們每天早上背誦一些英語(yǔ)單詞。______________________________________________________6．在他的幫助下，我們大多數(shù)人都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。_________________________________________________7．我們?yōu)閾碛羞@樣一位好老師感到自豪。__________________________________________Ⅱ.把上述句子連成一篇80詞左右的短文，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________素能提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABeginningcollegeisexciting：newideastoexplore，newchallengestobemetandmanydecisionstobemade.Yourfuturebeginshere.However，youwillfindcollegelifeisdifferentfromyourpreviousschoolenvironment.Manyofuscanbeeasilydefeatedbythedetailsofrunningawell-balancedlife.Whilesomeofusmayhavetheknow-how，Iguesstherearemoreofuswhocanbenefitfromlearningabouttheexperiencesofotherswhohavewalkedthecollegehallsbeforeyou.Thefollowingyoumayfindofuseaboutlifeoncampus：·Planwell.Therearesomanynewthingstodoatanewcollegeoruniversity.Giveyourselftimetomakenewfriendsandbecomefamiliarwiththecampus，butdon'tforgetwhyyouarethere.Givesometimeforsocialactivitiesandmanageyourtimewisely.·Ifyoudon'thavea“system”forplanningyourtimenow(likeadaytimer，acomputerdatebook)，getone.Mostofall，don'tdependonyourmemory.·Don'tmisstheguidelines.Therestrictions，rulesandregulationsofallkindscanusuallybefoundinyourstudent'shandbook.Considerthemwell-balancedfoodforthought.Whatdatesareimportant？Whatpiecesofpaperneedtobehandedin？Whatcan/can'tyoudoinyourstudentresidence？Whohastherightforwhat？Whatdoyouneedtocompletetograduate?·Writetheword“STUDY”onthewallsofyourbedroomandbathroom，andmaybeitwillhelptowriteitonapieceofpaperandstickitonthetelephone，TVandthekitchentable.Considerthis－youarepayingthousandsofdollarsforyourcourses.Youpayeverytimeyouhavetorepeatorreplaceacourse.·Buildyouridentity.Thisisthetimeforyoutodecidewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Takeasmuchtimeasyouneedtoexplorenewideas.Donotbeafraidofthebeyond.Thisislearningtomakegoodchoices.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toofferadviceoncollegelife.B．Toexplainwhycollegelifeisexciting.C．Todescribetheimportanceofcollegelife.D．Topersuadeyoutogotocollege.2．Accordingtothepassage，whyisitexcitingtobegincollegelife?A．Becauseyouwillhavemorefreedomatcollege.B．Becauseyouwillnolongerbeafraidofthebeyond.C．Becauseyouprepareforyourfuturecareerandlifethere.D．Becauseprofessorstherewillprovideyouwithmanynewideas.3．Theunderlinedword“know-how”refersto________.A．a(chǎn)nunderstandingofhowthingsaregoingatcollegeB．practicalknowledgeaboutcollegelifeC．collegehallswhererulesandregulationsarepresentedD．a(chǎn)nenvironmentdifferentfromtheoneyou'reusedtoBHaveyouevernoticedwhathappenstoanideaonceyouexpressit？Justtalkingaboutitorwritingitdowncausesyoutomakeitclearinyourownmind.Howcanyouusethistoincreaseyourbrainpower？Startwriting.Byputtingthoughtsintowords，youaretellingyourselfthelogicbehindwhatyouthink，feel，oronlypartlyunderstand.Often，explainingathoughtistheprocessofunderstanding.Inotherwords，youincreaseyourbrainpowerbyexercisingyour“explainpower”．Anotherbenefitofwritingisthatithelpsyouremember.Many，ifnotmost，highlyproductivepeoplearealwaystakingnotes.Youcantrykeepingitallinyourhead，butifyoukeepajournalofyourideasthenexttimeyou'reworkingonabigproject，you'llprobablyhavemoresuccess.Wanttounderstandatopic？Writeabookaboutit.That'sanextremeexample，butifyouarelearningsomethingnew，writealettertoafriendaboutit，andyouwillunderstanditbetter.Wanttoinventsomething？Writeanexplanationoftheproblem—whyyouwanttosolveit，andwhyitisworthsolving，and_you're_half-way_there.Writersdon'talwayswritebecausetheyclearlyunderstandsomethingbeforehand.Often，theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit.Youcandothesame.Writingwillhelpbringyoutoanunderstanding.Giveitatry.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWayonHowtoWriteB．IncreaseYourBrainPowerThroughWritingC．BrainPowerHelpsImproveYourWritingD．HowtoStartYourWriting5．Accordingtothepassage，writingcanhelpyoualotexcept________.A．toincreaseyourbrainpowerB．toimprovetheabilitytorememberC．todevelopyourinterestinstudyD．tostrengthentheunderstandingofatopic6．Ifawriterwritessomething，itmeansthatheorshe________.A．hasunderstooditverywellB．needstounderstanditbetterC．wantstorememberitinhisorhermindD．istestinghisorhernewideas7．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeansthat________.A．youarealreadysuccessfulB．there'salongwayforyoutogotoreachyourgoalC．youareleftwonderingwhattodoD．youhavebeenonthewaytosuccessⅡ.七選五YourTeenIsFallingAsleepinClassTeenshaveabusymorningscheduleastheyneedtowakeupandgetmovingveryearlyinordertocatchabusandgettoschoolbytherequiredtime.Thismeansteensneedtogettheirrestthenightbeforeortheywillbetootiredtolearnanythingatschool.__1__Whenateenfallsasleepinclass，twothingshap-pen：he/shemisseswhatisbeingtaughtandhe/shelosestherespectfortheteacher.He/Shemayalsoreceiveaconsequence(后果)fromtheschool，dependingontheclassroomdiscipline(紀(jì)律)policy.__2__Topreventyourteenfrombeingsleepyinclass，trythesethreetips：*Setatimefor“l(fā)ightsout”onschoolnights.Thisshouldneverbeanylaterthan10pmandpreferably9pm.__3__Softmusiccanbeonandusedtohelpcalmyourteen.*Helpyourteendevelopanighttimeroutinethatinvolvesactivitiesthatslowhim/herdownfortheendoftheday.__4__Turningoffthecomputeranddisconnectingfromfriendsandtheexcitementofthedayanhourbeforebedtimewillalsohelpyourteenrelax.*__5__Thiswillreinforce(增強(qiáng))whatitfeelsliketoberestedandcapableofachievingwhathe/shewants.A．What'sworse，theymayevenfallasleepinclass.B．Takingabathandreadingaretwoactivitiesthatworkwell.C．Setagoodexampleandshowhim/heryourloveforlearning.D．Pointoutthepositivesafteryourteenhashadagoodnight'srest.E．“Lightsout”meansthecomputer，television，lightsandcellphoneshouldbeoff.F．Allofthesethingsaffectyourteen'sacademicsuccessandcanbeavoided.G．Whileyourteenkeepshis/hergoalsinlinewithyourexpectations，he/shemayhavehis/herowngoals.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Oneevening，anelderlylady1.________(drive)pastasmalltownwhenoneofhertyressuddenlyblewout.Eventhoughallshehadwasonlyaflattyre，itwas2.________badsituationforawomanofherage.Shewasvery3.________(confuse)，especiallywiththeweather4.________(get)colderandcolder.Atthatmoment，amanstoppedhiscarinfrontofhersandasked5.________sheneededhelp.Theoldladybecameevenmorenervousbecausethemanlookedpoorand6.________(hunger)．However，sincenooneelsehadstoppedtohelpherduringthepasthours，shestoodbackandlethimhelpher.Afterthemanfinishedchangingthetyre，theladywaswilling7.________(pay)himanyamountofmoney.Toher8.________(astonish)，themanrepliedthathejustwantedtohelpher，justasothershadhelpedhiminthepast.Hedidn'twanttheladytopayhimbackanything.Instead，hejustwantedhertohelpothers9.________needaswell.Laterthatevening，theladyhelpedaheavilypregnantwoman.10.________neveroccurredtoherthatthewomanwasthepoorman'swife.

〖〖答案〗〖解析〗〗語(yǔ)法感知1．Thesun；rises；狀語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞2．We；protect；賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)3．English；表語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)4．主語(yǔ)；us；aspeech；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)5．形式賓語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.1．賓語(yǔ)2．謂語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)3．定語(yǔ)4．定語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)5．賓語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)6．主語(yǔ)7．主語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)8．謂語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)9．狀語(yǔ)10．形式賓語(yǔ)；真正賓語(yǔ)11．狀語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)12．狀語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)13．主語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)14．賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)15．表語(yǔ)Ⅱ.1．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)2．主謂3．主謂賓4．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)5．主謂賓6．主謂賓7．主謂賓8．主系表9．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)10．主謂課時(shí)作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ．1．OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient．2．Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago．3．HeoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning./HeoftenofferssomegoodadviceonEnglishlearningtous．4．Hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting．5．HeasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning．6．Mostofushavemademuchprogresswithhishelp．7．Wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher．Ⅱ．OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.Hehasbeenworkinghardsincehecametoourschool.FindingsomeofusareweakinEnglish，heoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning.Inaddition，hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.What'smore，heasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning.Asaresult，mostofushavemademuchprogresswithhishelp.Wealllikehisclassesandadmirehimverymuch.Inaword，wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher.素能提升練Ⅰ.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是說(shuō)明文。大學(xué)為我們打開了新的天地：探索新的思想，迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)，做出更多決定并開始在這里開啟自己的未來(lái)。但該如何開始我們的大學(xué)校園生活呢？文章提出了一些建議?！即鸢浮紸〖解析〗推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知文章內(nèi)容是對(duì)初入大學(xué)校園的人提供的建議?！即鸢浮紺〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第1段內(nèi)容可知，句中冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)“Beginningcollegeisexciting”的解釋，再根據(jù)“Yourfuturebeginshere.”可知，大學(xué)是為未來(lái)職業(yè)和生活做準(zhǔn)備的地方?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，雖然我們當(dāng)中有些人可能有theknow-how，但是我猜我們當(dāng)中還有一些人可以通過學(xué)習(xí)那些前輩們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而受益，從而可推測(cè)，theknow-how＝theexperiencesof...，所以〖答案〗為B，意為“有關(guān)大學(xué)生活的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是議論文。主要討論了“書寫”所能帶來(lái)的一系列好處，倡議大家試一試?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗主旨大意題。本文主要是講了通過寫作可以把你自己的一些想法理解得更加清晰、透徹，從而進(jìn)一步提高你的大腦思維能力。〖答案〗C〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第2～4段分別提到了選項(xiàng)A、B、D的內(nèi)容，沒有涉及到C?！即鸢浮紹〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段可知，一個(gè)作者要去寫什么東西，那就說(shuō)明他想更好地去理解它?！即鸢浮紻〖解析〗推理判斷題。文章第4段說(shuō)書寫能夠幫助你去理解一個(gè)話題……，如果寫出對(duì)于問題的解釋，那么就等于解決了問題的一半。此句的含義是“那么你已經(jīng)(在成功的路上)走了一半的路程了”。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如果孩子們沒有一個(gè)良好的作息習(xí)慣，那么白天在學(xué)?？赡軙?huì)精力不振，甚至?xí)谡n堂上睡覺。而這些問題都是可以避免的，本文就如何避免這些問題給出了三點(diǎn)建議。1．〖答案〗A〖解析〗根據(jù)前文的“Thismeansteensneedtogettheirrestthenightbeforeortheywillbetootiredtolearnanythingatschool.”可知，緊張的時(shí)間表意味著青少年晚上一定要休息好，否則，在學(xué)校會(huì)因疲憊無(wú)法學(xué)習(xí)，說(shuō)明了作息不好會(huì)導(dǎo)致不良后果。A項(xiàng)與前文聯(lián)系緊密，以遞進(jìn)語(yǔ)氣闡述休息不好可能對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生的更嚴(yán)重的后果。且與后文“Whenateenfallsasleepinclass，twothingshappen”中描述的語(yǔ)境也有關(guān)聯(lián)，起到了很好的承上啟下的作用。2．〖答案〗F〖解析〗根據(jù)前文可知青少年作息不好會(huì)導(dǎo)致課堂上睡覺的嚴(yán)重后果，而從后文“Topreventyourteenfrombeingsleepyinclass，trythesethreetips”及其后的內(nèi)容可知，作者就如何避免因不良作息導(dǎo)致孩子上課睡覺的問題給出了三個(gè)建議。所以此空應(yīng)是講作息不好導(dǎo)致青少年課堂上睡覺的問題是可以被解決的，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“所有這些事情都能影響你孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)，但可以避免”符合語(yǔ)境。3．〖答案〗E〖解析〗根據(jù)“Setatimefor‘lightsout’onschoolnights.”可知這一段的大意為“設(shè)置一個(gè)熄燈時(shí)間”，E選項(xiàng)中的短語(yǔ)Lightsout和這一段內(nèi)容相符合。4．〖答案〗B〖解析〗根據(jù)前文的thatinvolvesactivitiesthatslowhim/herdownfortheendoftheday可知B選項(xiàng)中的“洗澡和閱讀”就是兩個(gè)能讓你的孩子從一天的緊張節(jié)奏中減緩下來(lái)的有效活動(dòng)，符合語(yǔ)境。5．〖答案〗D〖解析〗根據(jù)后文的“Thiswillreinforcewhatitfeelsliketoberestedandcapableofachievingwhathe/shewants.”可知這將會(huì)加強(qiáng)孩子對(duì)于好好休息，以及能夠達(dá)到想要的目的的成就感。瀏覽選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)“在你的孩子睡了一晚好覺后，指出其積極的方面”符合語(yǔ)境。因?yàn)橹赋隽己米飨⒌暮锰幒?，有利于加?qiáng)孩子對(duì)正確作息的認(rèn)同感。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇解讀一位車子爆胎的老婦人得到了一位陌生男子無(wú)償?shù)膸椭?，?dāng)她將這份愛傳遞下去時(shí)，她沒想到她幫助的人恰好是那位男子的妻子。1．〖答案〗wasdriving〖解析〗考查時(shí)態(tài)。bedoingsthwhen...意為“正在做某事，這時(shí)……”，是固定用法。根據(jù)下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，when前的句子應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2．〖答案〗a〖解析〗考查冠詞。situation是可數(shù)名詞，且在此泛指一種壞的情況，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，故填a。3．〖答案〗confused〖解析〗考查形容詞。此處表示“她非常困惑”。confused與前面的was構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示人的狀態(tài)。4．〖答案〗getting〖解析〗考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。weather與get之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且get所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故填getting。5．〖答案〗if/whether〖解析〗考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。由語(yǔ)境可知，男子問老婦人是否需要幫助，故填if/whether。6．〖答案〗hungry〖解析〗考查形容詞。設(shè)空處與poor并列作表語(yǔ)，故填hungry。7．〖答案〗topay〖解析〗考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bewillingtodosth意為“愿意做某事”，是固定短語(yǔ)。8．〖答案〗astonishment〖解析〗考查名詞。toone's＋n.表示“令某人……的是”，是固定用法，故填astonishment。9．〖答案〗in〖解析〗考查介詞。inneed意為“在困境中”，是固定短語(yǔ)。10．〖答案〗It〖解析〗考查代詞。Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...意為“某人想到……”，是固定句型。WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures(grammar)語(yǔ)法感知試分析下列句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。1．Thesunrisesintheeast.2．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.3．Englishismyfavoritesubject.4．MrSmithgaveusaspeechinthemeetingroomyesterday.5．Ifounditdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.自我歸納1．句1中主語(yǔ)為_______，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是_____，intheeast在句中作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________。2．句2中主語(yǔ)為__，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是_______，theenvironment作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為__________。3．句3中主語(yǔ)為_______，myfavoritesubject作__。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________。4．句4中MrSmith作__，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞gave后有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，分別是__和________。inthemeetingroom作____，yesterday作____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為_________________。5．句4中it作____，真正的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式。difficult作_____。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為________________。語(yǔ)法精析一、七種基本成分1．主語(yǔ)(Subject)：通常位于句首，表示句子所要說(shuō)明或描述的人或事物。名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等均可用作主語(yǔ)。Themeetingwilllastfortwohours.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Tofindabestfriendisdifficult.找到一個(gè)好朋友不容易。2．謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)：位于主語(yǔ)之后，說(shuō)明或描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。Weusuallygetupat6：30everyday.每天我們通常六點(diǎn)半起床。WepractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我們每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。3．表語(yǔ)(Predicative)：位于系動(dòng)詞之后，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)。TheyareforeignteachersfromAmerica.他們是來(lái)自美國(guó)的外教。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。4．賓語(yǔ)(Object)：位于動(dòng)詞之后，表示動(dòng)作的承受者。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)。Weoftendohomeworktogether.我們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè)。IhopeIcangotheretostudy.我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。5．定語(yǔ)(Attributive)：位置可在所修飾的詞前，也可在所修飾的詞后，對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說(shuō)明。一般由名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))及句子等充當(dāng)。Thebeautifulgirlisherdaughter.這個(gè)漂亮的女孩是她女兒。Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在維修的建筑是我們的圖書館。6．狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)：位置靈活，可在句首、句中、句末，用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)；有時(shí)，形容詞(短語(yǔ))也可以作狀語(yǔ)。Iliketalkingonthephone.我喜歡電話聊天。Personally，Ithinktheteamthatwonfirstplacecheated.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為得第一名的那隊(duì)作弊了。7．補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(Complement)：起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，最常見的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等充當(dāng)。Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.醫(yī)生建議他做手術(shù)。二、五種基本句型英語(yǔ)中簡(jiǎn)單句是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等組成的，依其組合方式可分為五種基本句型。1．主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞(S＋Vi)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞。Thetimepassedquickly.主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)2．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋O)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Weplantedmanytreesinourhometown.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)3．主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(S＋V＋P)此句式側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用系動(dòng)詞(主要是be動(dòng)詞)。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)〖名師點(diǎn)津〗除了be動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞：(1)表感官的動(dòng)詞：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動(dòng)詞：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞：remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬間的動(dòng)詞：come，fall等。Theproblemremainstobesettled.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)4．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO)這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)〖名師點(diǎn)津〗雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)只能跟在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面，主要有以下三類動(dòng)詞：(1)give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。這一類動(dòng)詞后的間接賓語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的短語(yǔ)。Pleasehandhimabook!＝Pleasehandabooktohim!請(qǐng)遞給他一本書。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。這一類動(dòng)詞后的間接賓語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Herfatherboughtherabike.＝Herfatherboughtabikeforher.她的父親給她買了一輛自行車。(3)ask，answer，take，cost等。這一類動(dòng)詞無(wú)法改變結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Thecarcostme2,000yuanfortherepair.這次修車花了我兩千元。5．主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S＋Vt＋O＋C)這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)三、Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1．Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某時(shí))存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某時(shí))擁有什么東西”，其形式為“Therebe＋代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))＋地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”。(其實(shí)質(zhì)句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，如果是并列主語(yǔ)，要遵守鄰近原則。如：①Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。②Therearen'ttwochairsandadeskintheroom.房間里沒有兩把椅子和一張桌子。2．Thereis和Itis的區(qū)別Thereis...指客觀存在，主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)”；Itis意為“這/那是……”，用法廣泛，可用在多種表達(dá)中，如主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、形式主語(yǔ)等。①Thereissomeoneatthedoor.Ithinkitisthemantodeliverthepapers.門口有一個(gè)，我想是送報(bào)紙的人。②Itisafactthatourincomeisincreasing.我們的收入正在增長(zhǎng)，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。(形式主語(yǔ))課堂達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分1．Hehandedmethenewspaper.(__)2．Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(____)3．WhatabeautifulChinesepainting！(__)4．Hisjobistotrainswimmers.(____)5．HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.(____)6．ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.(__)7．Hiswishistobecomeascientist.(____)8．Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.(____)9．Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.(__)10．HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.(________)11．Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.(____)12．Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.(____)13．Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(_________)14．Henoticedamanentertheroom.(_____)15．Theapplestastedsweet.(__)Ⅱ.判斷下列句子是什么句型的簡(jiǎn)單句1．Theylefthimstandingoutside.(_____)2．Thesunrisesintheeast.(__)3．Shepretendednottoseeme.(___)4．ShenamedhersonHenry.(_____)5．IwonderhowtolearnEnglishwell.(___)6．Shecan'thelplaughing.(___)7．Ihopethatyouwillcome.(___)8．WearetobemarriedinMay.(___)9．Thepupilswishedtheirteacher“Goodmorning”．(_____)10．Hewillcomeassoonasheisready.(__)課時(shí)作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固練Ⅰ.用簡(jiǎn)單句翻譯句子1．我們的英語(yǔ)老師非常年輕而且有耐心。______________________________________________2．他兩年前從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。________________________________________3．他經(jīng)常給我們提供一些好的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。__________________________________________________________________________4．他盡力使得他的課活潑有趣。____________________________________________________5．他要求我們每天早上背誦一些英語(yǔ)單詞。______________________________________________________6．在他的幫助下，我們大多數(shù)人都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。_________________________________________________7．我們?yōu)閾碛羞@樣一位好老師感到自豪。__________________________________________Ⅱ.把上述句子連成一篇80詞左右的短文，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________素能提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABeginningcollegeisexciting：newideastoexplore，newchallengestobemetandmanydecisionstobemade.Yourfuturebeginshere.However，youwillfindcollegelifeisdifferentfromyourpreviousschoolenvironment.Manyofuscanbeeasilydefeatedbythedetailsofrunningawell-balancedlife.Whilesomeofusmayhavetheknow-how，Iguesstherearemoreofuswhocanbenefitfromlearningabouttheexperiencesofotherswhohavewalkedthecollegehallsbeforeyou.Thefollowingyoumayfindofuseaboutlifeoncampus：·Planwell.Therearesomanynewthingstodoatanewcollegeoruniversity.Giveyourselftimetomakenewfriendsandbecomefamiliarwiththecampus，butdon'tforgetwhyyouarethere.Givesometimeforsocialactivitiesandmanageyourtimewisely.·Ifyoudon'thavea“system”forplanningyourtimenow(likeadaytimer，acomputerdatebook)，getone.Mostofall，don'tdependonyourmemory.·Don'tmisstheguidelines.Therestrictions，rulesandregulationsofallkindscanusuallybefoundinyourstudent'shandbook.Considerthemwell-balancedfoodforthought.Whatdatesareimportant？Whatpiecesofpaperneedtobehandedin？Whatcan/can'tyoudoinyourstudentresidence？Whohastherightforwhat？Whatdoyouneedtocompletetograduate?·Writetheword“STUDY”onthewallsofyourbedroomandbathroom，andmaybeitwillhelptowriteitonapieceofpaperandstickitonthetelephone，TVandthekitchentable.Considerthis－youarepayingthousandsofdollarsforyourcourses.Youpayeverytimeyouhavetorepeatorreplaceacourse.·Buildyouridentity.Thisisthetimeforyoutodecidewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Takeasmuchtimeasyouneedtoexplorenewideas.Donotbeafraidofthebeyond.Thisislearningtomakegoodchoices.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toofferadviceoncollegelife.B．Toexplainwhycollegelifeisexciting.C．Todescribetheimportanceofcollegelife.D．Topersuadeyoutogotocollege.2．Accordingtothepassage，whyisitexcitingtobegincollegelife?A．Becauseyouwillhavemorefreedomatcollege.B．Becauseyouwillnolongerbeafraidofthebeyond.C．Becauseyouprepareforyourfuturecareerandlifethere.D．Becauseprofessorstherewillprovideyouwithmanynewideas.3．Theunderlinedword“know-how”refersto________.A．a(chǎn)nunderstandingofhowthingsaregoingatcollegeB．practicalknowledgeaboutcollegelifeC．collegehallswhererulesandregulationsarepresentedD．a(chǎn)nenvironmentdifferentfromtheoneyou'reusedtoBHaveyouevernoticedwhathappenstoanideaonceyouexpressit？Justtalkingaboutitorwritingitdowncausesyoutomakeitclearinyourownmind.Howcanyouusethistoincreaseyourbrainpower？Startwriting.Byputtingthoughtsintowords，youaretellingyourselfthelogicbehindwhatyouthink，feel，oronlypartlyunderstand.Often，explainingathoughtistheprocessofunderstanding.Inotherwords，youincreaseyourbrainpowerbyexercisingyour“explainpower”．Anotherbenefitofwritingisthatithelpsyouremember.Many，ifnotmost，highlyproductivepeoplearealwaystakingnotes.Youcantrykeepingitallinyourhead，butifyoukeepajournalofyourideasthenexttimeyou'reworkingonabigproject，you'llprobablyhavemoresuccess.Wanttounderstandatopic？Writeabookaboutit.That'sanextremeexample，butifyouarelearningsomethingnew，writealettertoafriendaboutit，andyouwillunderstanditbetter.Wanttoinventsomething？Writeanexplanationoftheproblem—whyyouwanttosolveit，andwhyitisworthsolving，and_you're_half-way_there.Writersdon'talwayswritebecausetheyclearlyunderstandsomethingbeforehand.Often，theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit.Youcandothesame.Writingwillhelpbringyoutoanunderstanding.Giveitatry.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWayonHowtoWriteB．IncreaseYourBrainPowerThroughWritingC．BrainPowerHelpsImproveYourWritingD．HowtoStartYourWriting5．Accordingtothepassage，writingcanhelpyoualotexcept________.A．toincreaseyourbrainpowerB．toimprovetheabilitytorememberC．todevelopyourinterestinstudyD．tostrengthentheunderstandingofatopic6．Ifawriterwritessomething，itmeansthatheorshe________.A．hasunderstooditverywellB．needstounderstanditbetterC．wantstorememberitinhisorhermindD．istestinghisorhernewideas7．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeansthat________.A．youarealreadysuccessfulB．there'salongwayforyoutogotoreachyourgoalC．youareleftwonderingwhattodoD．youhavebeenonthewaytosuccessⅡ.七選五YourTeenIsFallingAsleepinClassTeenshaveabusymorningscheduleastheyneedtowakeupandgetmovingveryearlyinordertocatch