英語國家社會與文化入門UK-1課件

WhenwementiontheUK,Whatimpressesyoumost?Part1:TheUK(5weeks)Unit1-2:AbriefintroductiontotheUK(1weeks)BritishHistory(1week)Unit3:ThegovernmentoftheUK(1week)Unit4:Politics,ClassandRace(1week)Unit5-6:TheUKeconomyandliterature(1week)Unit7-8:Britisheducationsystemandforeignrelations(1week)Unit9-10:TheBritishmedia,Sports,holidaysandfestivals(1week)

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandLecture1Geography（1）EnglishSpeakingCountries——DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

英國的不同名稱及其各組成部分GeographicalFeatures英國的地理特征RiversandLakes河流與湖泊Climate氣候MajorcitiesWwhat’sfor…I.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

英國的不同名稱及其各組成部分

Geographicalnames:theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

地理名稱:不列顛群島，大不列顛和英格蘭。Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

官方正式名稱:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands---GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.

不列顛群島由兩個(gè)大島—大不列顛島（較大的一個(gè)）和愛爾蘭島，及成千上萬個(gè)小島組成。1.BritishIslesTheBritishIslesareagroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofcontinentalEuropethatincludeGreatBritain,Irelandandnumeroussmallerislands.Therearetwosovereignstateslocatedontheislands:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andIreland.CommonlyusedalternativenamesareBritish-IrishIsles,BritainandIreland,GreatBritainandIreland,BritishIslesandIreland,orUKandIreland.2.GreatBritainGreatBritainisanislandlyingtothenorthwestofContinentalEurope.Itistheninthlargestislandintheworld,andthelargestEuropeanisland.Withapopulationofabout58.9millionpeople,itisthethirdmostpopulatedislandonEarth.GreatBritainissurroundedbyover1000smallerislandsandislets.TheislandofIrelandliestoitswest.3.UnitedKingdomTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(commonlyknownastheUnitedKingdom,theUK,orBritain)isasovereignstatelocatedoffthenorthwesterncoastofcontinentalEurope.Itisanislandcountry,spanninganarchipelagoincludingGreatBritain,thenortheasternpartofIreland,andmanysmallislands.NorthernIrelandistheonlypartoftheUKwithalandborder,sharingitwiththeRepublicofIreland.4.BritishEmpire(100yearsago)About100yearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathad1/4oftheworld’speopleand1/4oftheworld’slandarea.IthadcoloniesinNorthAmerica,Asia,AfricaandAustralia.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.

英聯(lián)邦是曾為英國殖民地的、但現(xiàn)已獨(dú)立國家所構(gòu)成的自由聯(lián)合體。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50個(gè)成員國?，F(xiàn)在為53個(gè)國家。5.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)TheCommonwealthofNations—formerlythe"BritishCommonwealth"—isavoluntaryassociationof53independentsovereignstates,mostofwhichareformerBritishcolonies,ordependenciesofthesecolonies(withtwoexceptions,Mozambique,whichwasaPortuguesepossession)andCameroon(whichwaspartlyaGermanterritoryandpartlyFrenchandBritishcolony)plustheUnitedKingdomitself.英聯(lián)邦（又稱共和聯(lián)邦，臺灣譯大英國協(xié)；英語︰CommonwealthofNations）基于其歷史淵源并想與世界別的聯(lián)邦做區(qū)別，英語中時(shí)沿用舊稱“BritishCommonwealthofNations”或“BritishCommonwealth”。它由53個(gè)獨(dú)立國家組成，多數(shù)為大英帝國的前殖民地，元首為英國女王伊麗莎白二世，她也身兼其內(nèi)英聯(lián)邦王國的16國國家元首。TheCommonwealth'smembershipincludesbothrepublicsandmonarchies.ThehereditaryheadoftheCommonwealthofNationsisQueenElizabethII.Shealsoreignsasmonarchdirectlyinanumberofstates,knownasCommonwealthrealms,notablytheUnitedKingdom,Australia,Barbados,Canada,Jamaica,andNewZealand.TheCommonwealthofNationsissometimesreferredtoastheNewCommonwealthinaBritishcontext.ReasonforBritainEmpirechangedintoaCommonwealth:thetwoworldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.II.GeographicalFeatures

英國的地理特征

1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:

英國的地理位置:

Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.

英國是一個(gè)島國。它位于大西洋北部，與歐洲大陸的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峽和東面的北海將它與歐洲其它部分隔開。

Advantage:NopartofBritainisveryfarfromthecoastanditprovidesavaluableresource.TheBritishcoastislongandhasgood,deepharbours.Searoutesextendfarinland,providingcheaptransportation.TopographyHighlandLowlandNationsScotlandEnglandWalesNorthernIreland2.Generalfeaturesa.Tilting:①RisinginNorth-Westcausehighlandsthere;②SinkinginSouth-Eastcauselowlands.b.IceAge:responsibleforBritain’sspectacularmountainscenery.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands;andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

英國的西部和北部主要是高地，東部和東南部主要是低地。HighlandandlowlandFournationsThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.大不列顛島上有三個(gè)政治區(qū):英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。聯(lián)合王國由四個(gè)國家聯(lián)合而成，分別是英格蘭、蘇格蘭、北愛爾蘭和威爾士1.EnglandFlagofEnglandRoyalStandardofEnglandEnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.英格蘭位于大不列顛島南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地區(qū)。英格蘭地理

英格蘭大部分地區(qū)地勢綿延起伏，北部多山區(qū)。主要的河流包括了泰晤士河和塞文河，其中塞文河是英國最長的河流。主要城市包括了倫敦、曼徹斯特、里茲、利物浦、紐卡斯?fàn)柡筒骱?。多佛港附近的英吉利海峽隧道將英國與海峽對岸的法國相連接。England(morethan130,000squarekilometreswhichtakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland)a.Pennines（奔寧山脈）,principalmountainchain.b.Scafell(978m),thehighestpeakofEngland.c.Capital:London.Apartfromthislandborder,theUKissurroundedbytheAtlanticOcean,theNorthSea,theEnglishChannelandtheIrishSea.Thelargestisland,GreatBritain,islinkedtoFrancebytheChannelTunnel.EnglishChannelTheEnglishChannel(French:LaManche,"thesleeve")isanarmoftheAtlanticOceanthatseparatesEnglandfromnorthernFrance,andjoinstheNorthSeatotheAtlantic.Itisabout560

km(350

mi)longandvariesinwidthfrom240

km(150

mi)atitswidest,toonly34

km(21

mi)intheStraitofDover.ItisthesmallestoftheshallowseasaroundthecontinentalshelfofEurope,coveringanareaofsome75,000

km2(29,000

sq

mi).英吉利海峽英吉利-多佛爾海峽由英吉利海峽和多佛爾海峽組成，位于歐洲大陸和大不列顛島之間，是溝通北海和大西洋的重要海上通道，是國際航運(yùn)量最大的水道。以樸茨茅斯港為界，西南是英吉利海峽，東北為多佛爾海峽。海峽東窄西寬呈喇叭形.

TheEnglishChannelandTheStraitofDoverTheEnglishChannel（英吉利海峽）TheStraitofDover（多佛爾海峽）WhiteCliffs白堊崖Eurostar

(歐洲之星高速列車）goesacrossEnglishchanneltunnel（英吉利海峽隧道）2.scotlandScotland(78,760squarekilometres)a.Threezone:①Highlandsinthenorth:plateau;②CentralLowlands:mostimportantareainScotlandwhichcontainmostoftheindustryandpopulation;③SouthernUplands:moorland.b.BenNevis(1,343m),thehighestmountaininBritain.c.Capital:Edinburgh.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh

蘇格蘭位于大不列顛的北部。它有三大自然區(qū):北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府:愛丁堡。FlagofScotland.RoyalStandardofScotland3.WalesWales(20,761squarekilometreswhich