5G智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車白皮書

5GinAutomotive5G

Connected

Cars:

ATransformative

ValuePropositionJune

2023ReportSnapshot5Gconnectivityis

rewritingtherulesofvehiclevaluecreationandpreservation.

Intheprocess,5G

isrejuvenatinganautomotiveindustry

emergingfromtheCOVID-19pandemicandwaningchipshortages.5GinAutomotiveContents1.

Foreword

..................................................................................................32.

Executive

Summary.................................................................................43.

The

Importance

of

Vehicle

Connectivity

...............................................44.

The

Evolution

of

the

5G

Connected

Car.................................................64.1

The

Connected

Car

of

the

Future

is

Almost

Here.......................................................................

64.2

The

Core

Features

of

5G

Connectivity

........................................................................................

74.3

Key

Use

Case

Categories

Enabled

by

5G.....................................................................................

84.4

New

5G

Momentum

in

the

Automotive

Industry

.......................................................................

94.5

Recent

Regulations

Require

Vehicle

Connectivity

..................................................................

124.6

5G-Enabled

Network

Slicing

Creates

a

New

Paradigm

for

the

Automotive

Industry

..........

125.

The

Value

of

5G

in

a

Connected

Car

....................................................

135.1

New

Applications........................................................................................................................

135.2

Quality

of

Service

Issue

Finally

Resolved.................................................................................

145.3

A

Complete

Vision

of

Product

Life

Cycle

Management

...........................................................

155.4

Richer

User

Interfaces

and

Infotainment

Experiences

and

Support

for

Automated

Driving............................................................................................................................................................

166.

Conclusion.............................................................................................

17Analyst

Contacts

.......................................................................................

17?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|25GinAutomotive1.

Foreword5G

is

no

longer

the

next

big

thing

in

the

automotive

space.

It

hasarrivedandisshapingthefutureof

connectedcars,benefitingbothconsumersandautomakers.For

drivers,

it

will

mean

a

safer

and

more

enjoyable

driving

experience.5G’s

enhanced

data

rates

and

low

latency

will

not

only

improve

roadsafety

by

exchanging

critical,

timely

and

massive

amount

of

informationwith

network,

but

also

enrich

the

driving

experience,

with

consumerslookingfor

cars

thatkeeppace

withotherparts

of

theirdigitallives.Drivers

wantmorethanjustavehiclethatgetsthemfromAtoB,and5Gwill

enablethat.For

automakers,

it

will

unlock

new

revenue

streams,

create

a

closer

connection

to

theircustomers,

and

allow

them

to

stay

ahead

of

their

competitors

as

the

automotive

industryincreases

its

focus

onmobility

ratherthanmachines.

As

this

paper

highlights,

5G

connectivityisrewriting

the

rules

of

vehicle

value

creation

and

preservation.

For

automakers

who

tap

into

thisopportunity,thepotentialrewardsareclear.5G

–

along

with

autonomous

driving

and

electrification

–

is

among

the

most

excitingtechnological

innovations

for

vehicles

in

decades.

As

this

paper

demonstrates,

5G

is

becomingpart

of

the

fabric

of

the

automotive

industry

in

both

the

fore

and

the

aftermarkets

–

and

this

isonlysettoincrease.That’s

why

we

are

creating

our

Avanci

5G

Connected

Vehicles

Licensing

Program,

bringingtogether

automakers

and

patent

owners

to

efficiently

tap

into

this

unique

opportunity,

as

theautomotive

and

telecommunications

industries

collaborate

on

wireless

for

the

first

time.

As

anindependent

marketplace

for

licensorsand

licensees,

we

want

to

make

sharing

the

technologiesfor

5G

efficientand

simplefor

allparties,allowing

our

partners

tofocus

onmakingthe

potentialof5Greal

forconsumers.We

hope

this

paper,

authored

by

experts

from

Tech

Insights,

offers

a

useful

insight

into

theevolution

of

the

5G

connected

car

and

its

value

to

automakers

and

consumers

alike.

5Gconnected

vehicles

will

be

part

of

the

fabric

of

multi-modal

transportation

networks

and

smartcities–safer,cleaner,andfaster.Thefutureiscertainlyexciting!Kasim

Alfalahi,Founder

and

CEOofAvanci?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|35GinAutomotive2.

ExecutiveSummaryTech

Insightshasbeen

interviewing

executives

in

the

automotive

supply

chainand

eco-system

since

the

onset

of

5G.

These

conversations

have

included

automakers,

wireless

carriers,

semiconductor

companies,

service

providers,

Tier

1suppliers,regulators,andstandardssettingbodies.From

the

earliest

of

these

conversations

it

has

been

clear

that

the

transitionfrom

4G/LTE

technology

to

5G

will

be

unlike

any

prior

wireless

changeover

–

i.e.2G

to

3G

or

3G

to

LTE.

For

the

first

time,

auto

makers

are

facing

an

industrytransformationtouchingallaspectsofvehicledevelopment

andsales,andcarownership.This

report

comprises

the

insights

gleaned

from

those

many

conversations.Stepbystep,automakers,

wirelesscarriers,andtheirpartnershavedescribedtheir

plans

to

use

5G

to

reshape

customer

relationships

impacting

the

factoryfloor,safety,infotainment,

financing,andthecorporatebottomline.Thisreportcapturesthecollectivesentimentsandinsightsderivedfromthoseconversations.

Here

we

dig

into

the

industry

vision

for

a

market

remade

byenhanced

wireless

technology

bringing

greater

speed

and

capacity

andentirelynewapplications.3.

TheImportanceofVehicleConnectivity5Gisfundamentallyalteringtheeconomicsoftheautoindustry.After

more

than

two

decades

of

innovation

towards

connected

cars,

theautomotive

and

telecommunications

industries

are

collaborating

on

wirelessnetwork

standards

for

the

first

time

with

5G.

This

activity

began

in

the

5GAutomotive

Association

and

is

ongoing.

There

is

good

reason

for

thiscollaboration.

Wireless

technology

is

both

fundamentally

altering

theeconomics

of

the

automotive

industry

and

aligning

it

with

the

broaderdigitalizationobjectivesofgovernments

aroundthe

world.5G

connectivity

will

allow

automakers

to

preserve

or

enhance

the

value

ofvehiclespost-salein

amannerthatwill

alterthecalculationofresidualvehicle?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|45GinAutomotivevalues,

which

in

turn

will

influence

the

economics

of

leasing

and

the

marketvalue

of

both

new

and

used

cars.

At

the

same

time,

5G

connectivity

will

directlyassist

and

support

thedevelopment

and

deployment

of

advanced

driver

assistsystems

capable

of

avoiding

collisions

while

facilitating

autonomous

and

semi-autonomousdriving.Across

the

world

5G

technology

is

being

built

into

specific

driving

corridors

tosupport

safer

driving,

while

simultaneously

being

implemented

in

privatefactory

networks

tospeedvehicle

production.

By

transforming

transportationinfrastructure,

enabling

advances

in

car

production,

and

altering

the

wayvehicles

interact

with

the

built

environment,

5G

is

becoming

part

of

the

fabricof

the

automotive

industry

in

both

the

fore

market

and

the

aftermarket.Indeed,with25global

automakerscommittedtodeploymentasofthedateofthispaper,prospectsarebrightfor5G

totransformvehicleconnectivity.Figure1:

GlobalOEMCar

Revenues5G

vs.

Non-5G

Cars

-Revenue$3,000.00$2,500.00$2,000.00$1,500.00$1,000.00$500.00$0.005Gconnectedcarswillcaptureanincreasingshareofunitvolume

withanevenfastercaptureofsalesrevenue.202120222023202420252026202720282029SalesRevenuefor

5G-EnabledCars(USD$Millions)SalesRevenuefor

Non-5GCars(USD$Millions)Source:TechInsightsAs

this

roll

out

occurs,

5G

connected

cars

will

capture

an

increasing

share

ofunit

volume

with

an

even

faster

capture

of

sales

revenue.

Automakers

areexpected

to

roll

out

5G

in

premium

vehicles

this

year,

before

swiftly

making

itthenormin

worldwidemarkets.?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|55GinAutomotiveFigure2:

5G

CarsShareofVolumes&Revenues5G-Enabled

Cars

-Share

of

Prod.

vs.

Revenue5Gconnectedcarswill

captureanincreasingshareofunitvolume,

withanevenfaster70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%60%47%54%46%37%37%31%43%29%25%captureofsalesrevenue.16%4%14%20240%1%3%200%21210%22202320252026202720282029Carswith5GModems(Percentageof

Production)Carswith5GModems(Percentageof

Revenue)Source:TechInsights4.

TheEvolution

ofthe

5GConnectedCar4.1

TheConnectedCaroftheFutureisAlmostHereThe

evolution

of

connected

cars

began

more

than

25

years

ago

with

GeneralMotors’

Project

Beacon,

which

emerged

in

the

marketplace

as

OnStar.

Thatreactiveconnectivitysolution–capableofsummoningemergencyrespondersto

the

scenes

of

crashes

–

has

since

morphed

into

a

software

updating

and

datacollectiontoolwithafargreatervalueproposition.Theconnectedcaroftheverynearfuturewillinteractwithcloudresources,infrastructure,andothervehiclesIt

is

no

longer

enough

to

track

cars

or

detect

when

they

have

been

stolen

oranticipate

the

failure

of

on-board

systems.

The

connected

car

of

the

future

–infused

with

5G

connectivity

–

is

intended

to

leverage

massive

data

collectionand

processing

in

the

form

of

machine

learning

and

artificial

intelligence

tomakedrivingsaferandmorepleasingthanks,in

part,

toedgecomputing.–allintheinterestofenhancing

safety,reducingemissions,savingtimeandfuel.5G

connected

cars

will

be

better

able

to

avoid

collisions,

locate

availablecharging

stations,

calculaterouteefficiency,

and

fuel

consumption,

and

assessthe

vigilance

of

the

driver

in

real-time

with

embedded

predictive

models?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|65GinAutomotivesupported

by

off-board

resources.

The

5G

connected

car

of

the

very

near

futurewill

interact

with

cloud

resources,

infrastructure,

and

other

vehicles

–

all

in

theinterestof

enhancingsafety,reducingemissions,andsavingtimeandfuel.4.2

TheCoreFeaturesof5GConnectivityComparedto4GLTE,5G

NewRadio(5GNR)delivershigherconnectionspeeds,muchlowerlatency,andtheabilitytoconnectamuchlargernumberofdevicesin

agivenarea.

5Gdeliversanupgradetothe

radionetworkand,inthelatestrelease,anupgradetoacloud-nativecorenetwork,providingabetterexperiencetousersandamoreflexible,simple,andsecurenetworkforoperators.Highdatathroughputandlow

latencyarethehallmarksof5Gconnectivity.5Gisbeingdeployedgloballytomeetawiderangeofusecases,deliveringdifferentnetworkcharacteristics

in

different

spectrumbands.

Inmillimetrewavespectrum(over24

GHz)thelargeamountsofbandwidthavailableareenablinggigabit-per-secondultra-broadbandexperiencesovershortdistances.

Inmid-bandspectrum(1-6GHz,and,in

particular,thewidelyused3.5GHz‘5G’band)manyoperatorsarealreadydelivering300-600Mbpsenhancedmobilebroadbandexperiencesovermuch

largerdistances.

Andinlow-bandspectrum(below1GHz),the

600/700MHz

bandisbeingopenedupin

manymarketsfor5G,deliveringwidernetworkcoverageatlowerspeedsandprovidingacriticalconnectivitylayerformanyIoTapplications.Thehighdatathroughputof5Gisespeciallyimportantforconnectedcars,whichareincreasinglydefinedbythemillionsof

linesofsoftwarecodeandsensorsgeneratingterabytesofdata.This

high

data

throughput

is

especially

important

for

connected

cars,

which

areincreasingly

defined

by

the

millions

of

lines

of

software

code

and

theproliferation

of

sensors

generating

terabytes

of

data.

The

challenge

ofmanaging

this

code

and

data

has

led

to

the

introduction

of

higher

speed

in-vehicle

processors

as

well

as

automotive

grade

on-board

Ethernet

networks.With

5G,

data

can

be

collected,

exchanged,

and

processed

at

a

volume

andspeed

in

the

car

that

is

on

par

with

the

speed

and

volume

of

data

exchangeoutsidethevehicle.The

low

latency

of

5G

is

also

transformative

for

the

connected

car.

The

lowlatency,

combined

with

the

increased

capacity,

of

new

5G

networks

createwhat

will

come

to

be

seen

as

a

“sentient”

network

–

a

prospect

already

beingembraced

by

wireless

carriers

that

are

putting

in

place

the

infrastructurenecessaryto

supportintelligentdrivingsolutions.?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|75GinAutomotiveFor

low-latency

applications,

multi-access

edge

computing

(MEC)

in

particular,is

expected

to

transform

the

quality

and

availability

of

high-definition

mapdata,

intelligent

driving

support,

vehicle

quality

control

and

life-cyclemanagement,

and

location-based

services.

Among

the

technology

enablers

for5G,

multi-access

edge

computing

is

key.

MEC

is

a

cloud

environment

located

atthe

edge

of

the

network

in

proximity

to

the

end

users

and

coupled

with

theserviceprovider'snetworkinfrastructure.MECisexpectedtotransformthequalityandavailabilityofkeyserviceaspectsincludingHD

mapdataandintelligentdrivingsupport._________________5G’slow

latencyisbestsuitedtotakefulladvantageofthisfunctionality.MEC

is

especially

relevant

to

automotive

safety

applications

where

vehicles

canbe

alerted

to

pedestrians,

lane

or

road

closures,

or

other

hazards

in

real

timevia

sensors

and

data

collected

at

the

network’s

edge.

MEC

functionality

willbecome

available

even

before

5G

as

current

mobile

networks

already

supportthis

capability

–but5G’s

low

latencyisbestsuited

totake

fulladvantage.

MECis

the

main

reason

that

5G

will

introduce

an

entirely

new

connectivityexperiencefordrivers.Additionally,

the

introduction

of

the

PC5

interface

with

3GPP

LTE

Release

14has

enabled

vehicle-to-vehicle

(V2V)

communications

as

well

as

V2P

(vehicle-to-pedestrian)

and

V2I

(vehicle-to-infrastructure)

applications

for

avoidingvulnerable

road

users

(workers,

pedestrians,

and

the

like).

While

therealization

of

the

full

scope

of

these

capabilities

will

require

wider

LTEAdvanced

and

5G

deployment

in

both

vehicles

and

infrastructure,

somescenarios

will

deliver

immediate

value

in

the

form

of

directly

communicatedroad

hazard

alerts,

dynamic

speed

limit

updates,

traffic

warnings,

and

vehicleguidance.Somescenariosof5Gdeploymentwilldeliverimmediatevalue.5Gstandardsprovideforanautomotive-centricformofqualityofservice.5G

also

provides

for

an

automotive-centric

form

of

quality

of

service

(QoS).Vehicles

connecting

to

5G

networks

in

the

future

will

be

equipped

withpredictive

QoS

capable

of

determining

–

in

real-time

–

whether

network

accesswill

be

functional

at

a

particular

time

and

in

certain

circumstances

and

howthatimpactsthefunctioningofconnectivity-dependentsafety

systems.4.3

KeyUseCaseCategoriesEnabledby5GOn

a

technical

note,

5G

NR

supports

use

cases

falling

into

three

broadcategories,eachapplicabletovariousscenariosforautomotiveconnectivity:?eMBB

(enhanced

Mobile

Broadband)

supports

bandwidth-intensive

usecases

across

a

wide

coverage

area.

5G

NR

can

support

high

mobility

(over500km/h)and

gigabit-per-seconddatarates,suitable

for

abroadrange

of?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|85GinAutomotivedata-intensive

automotive

applications.

Initial

5G

network

deploymentshave

focused

on

eMBB

‘capacity’

improvements,

being

based

on

non-standalone

(NSA)

technology

that

adds

5G

radio

to

existing

4G

networkinfrastructure,

in

particular

the

4G

core

network.

Momentum

is

currentlybuilding

for

Standalone

(SA)

5G,

which

involves

the

deployment

of

a

5Gcorenetworkandopensup5Gtothenexttwousecasecategories.?URLLC

(Ultra

Reliable

Low

Latency

Communications)

supports

missioncritical

and

time-sensitive

use

cases.

Low

latency

and

high

reliability

arecrucial

for

faster

cloud

access

and

processing,

with

target

performance

of1

millisecond

latency

and

99.9999%

reliability.

This

enables

advanced

usecases

that

are

neither

tolerant

of

transmission

delay

nor

of

droppedpackets,

ranging

from

remote

surgery

to

robotics

or

factory

automation,andautonomoustransportationorremotedriving.?mMTC

(massive

Machine

Type

Communications)

provides

connectivity

toalargenumberofdevices

withrequirementsforintermittenttransmissionof

moderate

amounts

of

data

at

lower

data

rates.

Target

performance

issupport

for

one

million

devices

per

square

kilometer,

data

rates

of

1-100Kbps,

and

low

power

consumption

that

would

allow

sensors

and

Internetof

Things

(IoT)

devices

to

operate

with

a

battery

life

of

up

to

ten

years.mMTC

will

supportdense

sensor

networks

and

low-cost

IoTuse

cases

andwillbeakeybuildingblockofsmartcitydeployments.4.4

New5GMomentumintheAutomotiveIndustryIn

the

past,

wireless

carriers

and

automakers

worked

warily

withone

another,warring

over

the

cost

of

wireless

service

and

the

unreliability

of

network

access.The

onset

of

5G

finds

the

automotive

industry

actively

considering

the

waysthat

5G

technology

can

be

leveraged

to

improve

operations,

improveprofitability,enhance

driving

safety,

and

increase

customer

retention.Each

ofthese

propositions

represent

significant

multi-billion-dollar

value

propositionsfor

auto

makers,

while

also

promising

safer,

cleaner,

and

more

efficientroadwayoperationsforthepublic.?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|95GinAutomotiveFigure3:Typesof

5GValueforAutomotiveStakeholdersAnnualValueLifetimeValueStakeholderValue

TypeCarMakerConsumerDealer$500/car$400/car$300/car$7,500

Warranty

cost

avoidance$6,000

Lease,

loan,

andinsurance

savings$5,000

Highersale

price,

higherresidual

valueSource:TechInsightsIntensified

interestin5Gconnectivityhas

beenfuelledbymoves

atthe

UnitedNations

Economic

Commission

for

Europe

(UNECE)

and

raised

safetyexpectations

within

the

European

NewCar

Assessment

Program

(Euro-NCAP).The

UNECE’s

WP.29

regulations

require

cybersecurity

measures

and

softwareupdates,

both

enabled

and

enhanced

by

5G

technology.

Euro-NCAP,meanwhile,

is

pushing

safety-centric

solutions,

such

as

Intelligent

SpeedAssistance,thatwillrelyonvehicleconnections.Anotherdrivingfactor

isthe

widespreadrecognitionby

carmakers

ofthe

coreadvantages

of

5G

connectivity

discussed

earlier:

low

latency,

greaterthroughput,

and

higher

capacity.

Perhaps

the

greatest

value

proposition

of

allcorrelated

to

5G,

though,

is

the

preservation

and

enhancement

of

vehiclevalue.

5G

connected

cars

will

come

equipped

with

the

most

sophisticatedsensor

and

diagnostic

systems,

enhanced

processing

and

storage

capacity,and

faster

on-board

networks.

These

advances

make

a

car

that

is

more“intelligent,”withbuilt-inartificialintelligence

and

cloudaccess

thatenableitto

update

and

evolve

the

capability

of

on-board

systems.

This

intelligence

setsthe

stage

for

a

car

company

to

add

value

to

a

5G

connected

car

post-sale,

viaover-the-air

updates

driven

by

the

aggregation

of

insights

gleaned

fromthousandsofsimilarlynetworkedvehicles.Perhapsthegreatest5Gvaluepropositionisthepreservationandpost-saleenhancementofvehiclevalue.?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|105GinAutomotiveFigure4:OTA–Over-the-AirUpdatesSource:T-SystemsBecause

5G

connected

cars

will

better

preserve

their

value

(and

can

beenhanced

with

additional

value

post-sale),

they

will

be

more

attractive

resaleand

leasing

candidates

than

their

non-connected

counterparts.

Thepreservation

of

residual

value

will

help

offset

the

increased

cost

to

the

ownerof

built-in

hardware

and

software

–

more

sensors,

more

powerful

processors,fasteron-boardnetworks.Finally,

because

of

the

potential

for

automakers

to

stay

in

close

contact

withtheir

customers

long

after

the

car

is

purchased,

5G

connected

cars

will

enableautomakers

to

better

capture

service

and

vehicle

repair

and

replacementopportunities.

This

opportunity,

together

with

the

foregoing

valuepropositions,have

the

potentialto

contribute

billions

ofdollars

tothe

bottomlines

of

automakers

and

their

dealers,

and

to

keep

drivers

safer

and

moresatisfiedwiththeirdriving

experience.5Gvaluepropositionswillcontributebillionsofdollarstothebottomlinesofautomakers.Underlyingall

oftheseapplications

is

the

timelyand

optimizedcollectionandexchange

of

data

between

vehicles

and

cloud

resources.

More

than

ever

carmakers

and

service

providers

will

put

vehicle

data

to

work

to

enhance

drivingsafetyandimprovecustomerretention.?TechInsights20233AllRightsReserved|115GinAutomotive4.5

RecentRegulationsRequireVehicleConnectivityThe

WP.29

guidelines

released

by

the

United

Nations

Economic

Commissionfor

Europe

(UNECE)

in

2020

include

new

regulations

regarding

over-the-airsoftware

updates

and

cybersecurity.

This

move

cemented

the

essentialimportance

of

vehicle

connectivity

already

established

by

the

EuropeanCommission’seCallmandate,nowin

effect.5GisessentialformanagingonIn

the

EU,

new

regulations

for

cybersecurity

were

mandatory

for

all

new

vehicletypes

from

July

2022

and

will

become

mandatory

for

all

new

vehicles

producedfrom

July

2024.

This

makes

wireless

connectivity

necessary

not

only

foremergency

response,

but

also

for

managing

the

on-board

software

and

forpreservinghardwareandsoftwareintegrityin

acar.boardsoftwareandforpreservinghardwareandsoftwareintegrity.In

concert

with

this

shift,

connectivity

is

an

implied

requirement

to

fulfil

theIntelligent

Speed

Assistant

roadmap

element

of

Euro-NCAP,

which

requiresreal-time

communication

of

speed

limit

changes

and

is

set

to

take

effect

alsoin

2024.

And

this

is

only

one

of

many

safety-related

applications

that

willbecome

regulatory

requirements

implicating

connectivity.

Such

regulationsare

a

turning

point

for

car

connectivity,

as

it

becomes

an

essential

aspect

ofvehicle

safety

systems,

benefiting

from

real-time

contextual

inputs.

In

otherwords,

wireless

connectivity

has

evolved

from

a

nice-to-have

reactive

tool,

toan

essential

pro-active

driving

companion.

This

is

precisely

the

role

anticipatedfor5G.Connectivityhasevolvedfrom

anice-to-havereactivetool,toanessentialpro-activedrivingcompanion–thisispreciselytheroleanticipatedfor5G.4.6

5G-EnabledNetworkSlicingCreatesaNewParadigmfortheAutomotiveIndustryMost

5G

networks

today

are

Non-Standalone

Architecture

(NSA).

The

evolutiontoStandaloneArchitecture(SA)

5Gnetworksrequiresdeployment