華東師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2010年華東師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題及詳解

2012年華東師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題及詳解

2013年華東師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題及詳解

2015年華東師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)

考研真題及詳解

2010年華東師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

I.MultipleChoice(30points,1pointforeach)

1．TheAmericanapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanypeople

becausethereislessemphasisonlearningfactsthan_____trueinthe

systemsofanyothercountries.

A.is

B.itis

C.itbeing

D.tobe

【答案】A

【解析】這句話(huà)中than為關(guān)系代詞，用在帶比較級(jí)形容詞的先行詞之

后，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

2．Cinema-goershate_____longqueuesbeforeallcinemas.

A.therebeing

B.theretobe

C.thereis

D.thereare

【答案】B

【解析】like,prefer,hate,want,mean,intend,expect,consider等動(dòng)詞后接

therebe句型時(shí)要用theretobe的形式。

3．_____hadapassionforwalking,westartedoffbycar.

A.when

B.as

C.after

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】這句話(huà)中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，放于主句之前。

4．Theoppositionpartiesareplanningtobring_____aNo-Confidence

MotionagainstthePrimeMinister.

A.up

B.forward

C.out

D.about

【答案】B

【解析】bringforward提出(問(wèn)題、建議、計(jì)劃等)。bringup提出問(wèn)題

（供討論或協(xié)商等）。bringout出版，生產(chǎn)。bringabout帶來(lái)，引起。

5．Indiaisoneoftheseveralcountrieswhichare_____affectedby

widespreaddeforestationandsteadydestructionofnaturalwatersheds.

A.critically

B.remarkably

C.superficially

D.strongly

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在森林遭受廣泛砍伐、自然水域遭到破壞的國(guó)家中，印

度是受到影響最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一。critically危急地；嚴(yán)重地。remarkably

顯著地；非常地。superficially表面地；淺薄地。strongly強(qiáng)有力地；堅(jiān)

強(qiáng)地。

6．Ifyoutakecareofthepence,the_____willtakecareofthemselves.

A.dollars

B.cents

C.pounds

D.money

【答案】C

【解析】這句話(huà)是一句英文諺語(yǔ)，意思是從小事抓起，大事才能做好，

即積少成多。

7．Overthecourseofcenturies,theriverGangeshas_____itscoursemany

atimes.

A.altered

B.deviated

C.recovered

D.adjusted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，恒河的河道變了很多次。這句話(huà)中第二

個(gè)course是“路線，航向”的意思。alter改變。deviate作“偏離”的意思時(shí)為

不及物動(dòng)詞，需要與from搭配。recover恢復(fù)。adjust使……適合；校

準(zhǔn)。

8．Anotablepatriotandrevolutionary_____losttoIndiainthedeathof

SubhashChandraBose.

A.was

B.were

C.had

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】句意：SubhashChandraBose的離世使印度少了一位偉大的愛(ài)

國(guó)主義家和革命家。這句話(huà)中patriot和revolutionary指的都是Subhash

ChandraBose，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

9．Thedacoitsattackedthevillageandeveryman,womanandchild_____

puttodeath.

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】every修飾單數(shù)名詞，后接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

10．TheytriedtoreassuremebutIwasstillnotableto_____myfears

A.annul

B.prevent

C.reduce

D.curtail

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他們?cè)噲D讓我安心，但我還是不能抹去內(nèi)心的恐懼。

annul廢除；使消失。curtail縮減；剪短。

11．Ialwayspreferredthe_____ofthebigcity.

A.anonymity

B.obscurity

C.distinctiveness

D.noneofthese

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我總是更喜歡大城市的匿名性。可以理解為我喜歡在大

城市中幾乎沒(méi)有人認(rèn)識(shí)自己這種感覺(jué)。anonymity匿名。obscurity朦朧；

陰暗。distinctiveness特殊性；辨別性。

12．Theopposition_____theMinisterbyfuriouscriticism.

A.ascribed

B.hailed

C.treated

D.assailed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：反對(duì)派通過(guò)猛烈的批評(píng)來(lái)攻擊部長(zhǎng)。assail攻擊；質(zhì)

問(wèn)。ascribe歸因于。hail致敬；招呼。

13．Hisjokesfailedto_____eventhefaintestofsmilesfromher.

A.invoke

B.elicit

C.attract

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他的笑話(huà)沒(méi)有使她的臉上展現(xiàn)出一丁點(diǎn)笑容。elicit使發(fā)

出；引起。invoke調(diào)用；祈求。

14．Creditcardcrimeisreaching_____proportions.

A.endemic

B.epidemic

C.unbelievable

D.great

【答案】B

【解析】句意：信用卡犯罪正在蔓延。epidemic流行的；傳染性的。

endemic地方性的。unbelievable難以置信的。

15．Thevisitorwaswelcomed_____andintroducedtotheGovernor.

A.ceremoniously

B.ceremonially

C.affectionately

D.perfectly

【答案】A

【解析】句意：客人受到了隆重的歡迎，然后被介紹給了州長(zhǎng)。

ceremoniously隆重地。ceremonially禮儀上地。affectionately親切地。

16．Sheshowedgreat_____andfinesseindealingwiththetroublesome

situation.

A.tact

B.trick

C.ability

D.power

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她處理棘手的局面時(shí)表現(xiàn)得十分老練與巧妙。finesse策

略；巧妙。tact機(jī)智；老練。trick詭計(jì)。

17．She_____herdisapprovaloftheshowbyleavingtheauditorium.

A.engaged

B.saw

C.envisaged

D.evinced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：她用離開(kāi)觀眾席這種方式來(lái)表示自己對(duì)于這場(chǎng)表演的不

滿(mǎn)。evince表明，表示。engage占用；使參加。envisage正視，面對(duì)。

18．Coachingclassesoftenactasthe_____tosuccessincompetitive

examinations.

A.way

B.means

C.door

D.window

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在選拔考試中，輔導(dǎo)班通常扮演著通往成功大門(mén)的角

色。coachingclass輔導(dǎo)班。由于空白處前有“actas”，不能選way這個(gè)選

項(xiàng)。

19．Thepoorwomanhas_____manyhardshipsafterherhusbanddied

manyyearsago.

A.born

B.bore

C.borne

D.boar

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個(gè)可憐女人的丈夫很多年前去世了，在那之后她受了

很多苦。borne忍受。boar野豬。

20．Wepartook_____thehumblemealprovidedbythevillagers.

A.with

B.of

C.at

D.from

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們吃光了村民提供給我們的便飯。partake吃，喝；分

享。partakeof吃光。

21．Thisissimilartotheothertune,butquite_____fromit.

A.distinctive

B.distinct

C.diverge

D.divergent

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這首曲子與另一首相似，但又截然不同。bedistinct

from與……不同。distinctive有特色的。diverge偏離。divergent相異的，

分歧的。

22．Aleadingchemistbelievesthatmanyscientistshavedifficultywith

stereochemistrybecausemuchoftherelevantnomenclatureis_____,inthat

itcombinesconceptsthatshouldbekept_____

A.obscure,interrelated

B.specialized,intact

C.imprecise,discrete

D.descriptive,separate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：一位著名的化學(xué)家認(rèn)為許多科學(xué)家對(duì)立體化學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)有

困難，因?yàn)樵S多相關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ)將無(wú)關(guān)的概念相結(jié)合，導(dǎo)致這些術(shù)語(yǔ)不精

確。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)該填導(dǎo)致“difficulty”的原因。inthat表達(dá)因果關(guān)系，即后

面內(nèi)容也是“difficulty”的原因。根據(jù)combine可知，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該填其意

思相反的形容詞。interrelated相關(guān)的。specialized專(zhuān)業(yè)的。intact完整

的。imprecise不精確的。discrete分離的。descriptive描寫(xiě)的。

23Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewriteristhatsentence

structuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore_____

theideas.

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.elementary

D.fanciful

【答案】A

【解析】句意：新手作家通常有一種錯(cuò)誤的觀念，即句子結(jié)構(gòu)是思想的

反映，句子結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，思想就越深刻。這句話(huà)中mirror的意思為“反

映”，因此空白處單詞的意思應(yīng)該與“convoluted”相同。complicated難懂

的。inconsequential不重要的。fanciful想象的；稀奇的。

24Awar,eveniffoughtforindividuallibertyanddemocraticrights,usually

requiresthattheseprinciplesbe_____,fortheyare_____theregimentation

anddisciplinenecessaryformilitaryefficiency.

A.rejected,inherentin

B.suppressed,fulfilledthrough

C.suspended,incompatiblewith

D.followed,disruptiveof

【答案】C

【解析】句意：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，哪怕是為了爭(zhēng)取個(gè)人自由和民主權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)，通常

也需要暫時(shí)放棄這些原則，因?yàn)樗麄兒蛙娛滦仕匦璧慕M織紀(jì)律是相

矛盾的。suspend推遲；使暫停。beincompatiblewith與……不相容。

suppress抑制。beinherentin為……固有的。disruptive破壞性的。

25Anumberofwriterswhooncegreatly_____theliterarycritichave

recentlyrecanted,substituting_____fortheirformercriticism.

A.lauded,censure

B.influenced,analysis

C.simulated,ambivalence

D.disparaged,approbation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：很多曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)烈鄙視這個(gè)文學(xué)評(píng)論家的作家近來(lái)放棄了他

們過(guò)去的想法，他們用贊美代替了之前了批評(píng)。由“formercriticism”可

知，第一個(gè)空應(yīng)該填具有貶義的動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該填褒義詞。

disparage蔑視；毀謗。approbation認(rèn)可；贊許。laud贊美。Censure責(zé)

難。simulate模仿。ambivalence矛盾情緒。

26．Ahumanbeingisquite_____creature,fortheglossofrationalitythat

covershisorherfearsand_____isthinandofteneasilybreached.

A.afrail,insecurity

B.aludicrous,laughter

C.avaliant,phobias

D.anambitious,morality

【答案】A

【解析】句意：人類(lèi)是一種極其脆弱的生物，因?yàn)檠谏w著其恐懼與不安

全感的那層理性的外表是那么薄弱，且常常易于破裂。frail脆弱的。

insecurity不安全。ludicrous滑稽的。valiant英勇的。phobia恐懼；憎惡。

morality道德；品行。

27．Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillin

conductingsuchdelicatenegotiations,_____tomakeadecisionduringthe

talksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen_____

A.resolved,detrimental

B.refused,apropos

C.declined,inopportune

D.struggled,unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這位外交官因?yàn)樗诩?xì)微的談判中表現(xiàn)出的耐心和技能

而被選中，她在談判中拒絕做任何決定，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)任何草率的承諾都是

不合時(shí)宜的。declinetodo拒絕做某事。inopportune不適當(dāng)?shù)?。resolveto

do下決心做。detrimental不利的。apropos恰好的；適當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

unconscionable昧著良心的。

28．Becausethemonkeysunderstudyare_____thepresenceofhuman

beings,theytypically_____humanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

A.ambivalentabout,welcome

B.habituatedto,disregard

C.pleasedwith,snub

D.unawareof,avoid

【答案】B

【解析】句意：由于被研究的猴子習(xí)慣了人的存在，因而它們能忽略人

類(lèi)的觀察而做它們自己的事情。behabituatedto習(xí)慣于。disregard忽視。

ambivalent矛盾的。snub冷落。

29．Hehadexpectedgratitudeforhisdisclosure,butinsteadheencountered

_____borderingonhostility.

A.patience

B.discretion

C.indifference

D.ineptitude

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他以為自己會(huì)因?yàn)楦婷芏艿礁屑ぃ珜?shí)際上他遇到的

是近乎敵意的冷漠。由“instead”可推斷空白處與“gratitude”意思相反。

indifference冷淡。discretion自由裁量權(quán)；謹(jǐn)慎。ineptitude不適當(dāng)。

30．Nonviolentdemonstrationsoftencreatesuchtensionsthatacommunity

thathasconstantlyrefusedto_____itsinjusticesisforcedtocorrectthem:

theinjusticescannolongerbe_____.

A.acknowledge,ignored

B.decrease,verified

C.tolerate,accepted

D.address,eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：非暴力示威通常會(huì)造成這樣的局面，他們迫使一個(gè)拒絕

承認(rèn)自己不公正行為的團(tuán)體去糾正自己的錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)檫@些不公正的行為

已經(jīng)不容忽視了。acknowledge承認(rèn)。verify核實(shí)。

II.ReadingComprehension(40points,2pointsforeach)

Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandchooseonebestanswerforeach

questioninPassage12and3,andanswerthequestionsinpassage4basedon

yourunderstandingofthepassage.

(1)

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanic

activityknownashotspots(hotspot:aplaceintheuppermantleoftheearth

atwhichhotmagmafromthelowermantleupwellstomeltthroughthecrust

usuallyintheinteriorofatectonicplatetoformavolcanicfeature;also:a

placeinthecrustoverlyingahotspot)Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsare

rarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthat

comprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplates

andareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealso

distinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreater

amountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinct

volcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoff

puffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsucha

mannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthe

PacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthe

northwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.Twoother

PacificislandchainstheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgeparallelthe

configurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeast

towardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireastern

terminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;

therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.However,

therelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbe

determinedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolving

thequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginopposite

directionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.

Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,at

somehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspread

outinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfrom

thetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,or

nearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathas

shownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohave

movedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethe

geophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whena

continentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfrom

deeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.In

someinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthe

fissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,just

asearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,so

hot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

1．Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto_____.

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthe

motionofplates

2．Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathot

spots_____.

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

3．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortileapparentcourse

ofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe_____.

A.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

4．ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,

theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge?

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

C.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsata

relativelyrapidrate.

D.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedcloser

togetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary

5．Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatement

thathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplates.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthe

continentalplates.

D.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayonce

haveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

【答案與解析】

1．D由文章可知，作者主要介紹了hotspots及其“influencethe

geophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe”。因此D項(xiàng)正

確。

2．B由第一段最后一句可知，hotspots與火山的巖漿不同，hotspots的

巖漿“containgreateramountsofalkalimetals”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

3．A第二段主要介紹了太平洋中幾條島嶼鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)，證明了太平洋版

塊移動(dòng)的路徑，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

4．B由第二段可知，“theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge”與夏威夷

群島相平行，它們都是西北—東南走向，都是太平洋版塊移動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物，

因此B項(xiàng)正確。

5．D由第三段可知，“hotspotsareimmobile”，因此可作為版塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的

參照物。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是非洲與南美的海岸線證明它們可能曾經(jīng)屬于同一塊

大陸，在同一條熱點(diǎn)線上分離，這可以證明熱點(diǎn)可以作為版塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的參

照物，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

(2)

“Theytreatuslikemules.”theguyinstallingmywashertellsme,hiseyes

narrowingashewipeshishands,Ihadjustcomplimentedhimandhispartner

onthespeedandassuranceoftheirwork.Heexplainsthatit’srarethat

customersspeaktohimthisway.Iknowwhathe’stalkingabout.Mymother

wasawaitressallherlife,incoffeeshopsandfast-pacedchainrestaurants.It

washardwork,butshelikedit,liked“beingamongthepublic,”asshewould

say.Butthatworkhaditsstingtoothecustomerwhowouldtreatherlikea

servantor,herbiggestcomplaint,likeshewasnotthatbright.

There’salessonhereforthispoliticalseason:thesubtleandnot-so-subtle

insultsthatblue-collarandserviceworkersendureaspartoftheirworking

lives.Andthoseinsultsoftenhavetodowithintelligence.

WeliketothinkoftheUnitedStatesasaclasslesssociety.Thebeliefin

economicmobilityiscentraltotheAmericanDream,andweprideourselves

onourspiritofegalitarianism.Butwealsohaveatroublingstreakof

aristocraticbiasinournationaltemperament,andonewayitmanifestsitself

isintheassumptionswemakeaboutpeoplewhoworkwiththeirhands.

Workingpeoplesensethisbiasandreacttoitwhentheyvote.Thecommon

politicalwisdomisthathot-buttonsocialissueshavedrivenblue-collar

votersrightward.Butthereareotherculturaldynamicsatplayaswell.And

DemocratscanbeasoblivioustothesedynamicsasRepublicans-thoughthe

GrandOldPartydidappealtotheminSt.Paul.

Let’sgobacktothosetwomeninstallingmywasheranddryerTheydoalot

ofheavyliftingquicklyminewasthefirstof15deliveriesandefficiently,to

avoidinjury.Betweenthemthereisongoingcommunication,verbalanti

nonverbal,tocoordinatethelift,negotiatethetightfit,moveinrhythmwith

eachother.Andallthewhile,theyareweighingoptions,makingdecisions

andsolvingproblemsaswhenmynewdryerdidn’tmatchupwiththegas

outlet.

Thinkaboutwhatagoodwaitresshastodointhebusyrestaurant:remember

ordersandmonitorthem,attendtoadynamic,quicklychangingenvironment,

prioritizetasksandmanagetheflowofwork,makedecisionsonthefly

There’sthecarpenterusinganumberofmathematicalconceptssymmetry,

proportion.congruence,thepropertiesofanglesandvisualizingthese

conceptswhilebuildingacabinet,aflightofstairs,orapitchedroof.

Thehairstylist’spracticeisamixoftechnique,“knowledgeaboutthebiology

ofhair.aestheticjudgmentandcommunicationskill.Themechanic,

electrician,andplumberaretroubleshootersandproblemsolversEventhe

routinizedfactoryfloorcallsforworkingsmartsWhenhasanyofthismade

itswayintoourpoliticalspeeches?Fromeitherpasty.EvenonLaborDay.

Lastweek,theCDPmasterfullyinvokedsomeoldculturalsuspicions:

countryfolkversus,cityandeastcoastversusheartlandeducationButthese

aresymbolicpopulistgesturesnotthestuffoftheengagement.Judgements

aboutintelligenceeasygreatweightinoursociety,andwehaveatendencyto

makesweepingassessmentsofpeople’sintelligencebasedonthekindof

worktheydo.

Politicaltributestolaboroverthenexttwomonthswillrenderthemuscled

arm,sleeverolledtightagainstbiceps.Butfewwillalsocelebratediethought

brightbehindtheeye,orofferanimagethatlinkshandandbrain.Itwouldbe

fittinginacountrywithanegalitarianvisionofitselftohaveatruer,richer

senseofallthatisinvolvedinthewiderangeofworkthatsurroundsand

sustainsus.

Thosepoliticianswhocancommunicatethatsensewilltapadeepreserveof

neglectedfeeling.Andthosewhocanhonoranduseworkinexplainingand

personalizingtheirpolicieswillfindawelcomereception.

6．Toillustratetheintelligenceoftheworkingclass,theauthorcitesthe

examplesofallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

A.hairstylistandwaitress

B.carpenterandmechanic

C.electricianandplumber

D.street-cleanerandshop-assistant

7．Inthesentence“weprideourselvesonourspiritofegalitarianism”(para.

3),theword“egalitarianism”canbereplacedby_____.

A.individualism

B.enlightenment

C.equality

D.liberalism

8．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.

A.inAmerica,judgmentsaboutpeople’sintelligenceareoftenbasedonthe

kindofworktheydo

B.thesubtleandnot-so-subtleinsultstowardsblue-collarsareadaily

phenomenoninAmerica

C.theUnitedStatesisaclasslesssociety

D.theoldculturalsuspicionsofcountryfolkversuscityandeast-coastversus

heartlandeducationshowtheRepublican’strueengagement

9．Oneofthemajorgroupsoftargetedreadersoftheauthorshouldbe

_____.

A.blue-collarAmericanworkers

B.middleclassAmericanbusinessmen

C.Americanpoliticians.

D.Americancompanyleaders

10．Whichofthefollowingsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.TheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanPartyshouldstopsymbolic

populistgestures.

B.Politicaltributesshouldmindthesubtlebiasagainsttheintelligenceofthe

workingclass.

C.Therulingpartyshouldacknowledgetheworkingsmartsofblue-collars.

D.ThewholeAmericansocietyshouldchangetheattitudetowardstheblue-

collarworkers.

【答案與解析】

6．D在倒數(shù)第四、五、六段中，作者舉了twomeninstallingmywasher

anddryer、waitress、carpenter、mechanic,electrician,andplumber、

hairstylist的例子來(lái)證明他們的智慧，因此作者沒(méi)有提到D項(xiàng)中street-

cleanerandshop-assistant。

7．C在題干所引句子后，作者話(huà)鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)到但是他們的民族性格中

有一種“aristocraticbias”，因此“egalitarianism”的意思與“equality”相同。

8．A根據(jù)第二段“thesubtleandnot-so-subtleinsultsthatblue-collarand

serviceworkersendureaspartoftheirworkinglives”可知，或多或少的侮

辱是他們職業(yè)生活的一部分，但并不說(shuō)明這是美國(guó)每天都會(huì)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)

象，因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)后一句可知，這些侮辱通?！癶avetodowith

intelligence”，即通常與智力聯(lián)系到一起，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

9．C由第二段“There’salessonhereforthispoliticalseason”和第三段

中“Workingpeoplesensethisbiasandreacttoitwhentheyvote”及最后一

段“thosewhocanhonoranduseworkin...theirpolicieswillfindawelcome

reception.”可以推斷，這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者為政客。

10．B本文介紹了社會(huì)對(duì)于藍(lán)領(lǐng)及服務(wù)人員智力的普遍偏見(jiàn)，并指出接

下來(lái)兩個(gè)月中“politicaltributestolabor”能夠給政客贏得巨大的力量，因

此B項(xiàng)正確。

(3)

Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,

buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsout

thattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparently

auniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostile

way,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniverse

signofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelieved

thattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesurvivalvalue.

Forexample,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(or

friends)intheabsenceoflanguage.

Mostinvestigatorsconcurthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggestthesame

emotionsinapeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizethe

emotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaul

Ekmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,

fear,happinessandsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldto

indicate,whatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.Thosequeriedranged

fromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsin

theNewGuineahighlands.AllgroupsincludingtheFore,whohadalmostno

contactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheFore

alsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywould

respondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotional

responses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsin

astudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthat

multipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Theparticipants

generallyagreedonwhichtwoemotionswerebeingshownandwhich

emotionwasmoreintense.

Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflect

emotionalstates.Infactvariousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatterns

ofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrainThefacial-feedback

hypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotions

andfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingto

thishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles(“feedback”)aresentbackto

emotioncenters-ofthebrain,andsoaperson’sfacialexpressioncan

influencethatperson’semotionalstate.ConsiderDarwin’swords:“Thefree

expressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,

therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.”

Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningto

anger?

Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerning

thefacial-feedbackhypothesis.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,

forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons

(humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations)asbeingmorehumorous.When

theyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.

Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?Onelink

isarousal,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinan

organism.Intensecontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedin

signifyingfear,heightensarousalSelf-perceptionofheightenedarousalthen

leadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesin

braintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters(substancesthat

transmitnerveimpulses.)Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothinfluences

theinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-called

Duchennesmile,whichischaracterizedby“crow’sfeet”wrinklesaroundthe

eyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeye

movesdownslightlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.

Ekman’sobservationmayberelevanttotheBritishexpression“keepastiff

upperlip”asarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethata“stiff”

lipsuppressesemotionalresponseaslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfear

ortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismore

intense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheighten

emotionalresponse.

11．Theword“despondent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.curious

B.unhappy

C.thoughtful

D.uncertain

12．Theauthormentions“Baringtheteethinahostileway”inorderto

_____.

A.differentiateonepossiblemeaningofaparticularfacialexpressionfrom

othermeaningsofit

B.supportDarwin’stheoryofevolution

C.provideanexampleofafacialexpressionwhosemeaningiswidely

understood

D.contrastafacialexpressionthatiseasilyunderstoodwithotherfacial

expressions

13．Theword“concur”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto_____

A.estimate

B.agree

C.expect

D.understand

14．Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheFore

peopleofNewGuinea?

A.Theydidnotwanttobeshownphotographs.

B.Theywerefamousfortheirstorytellingskills.

C.TheyknewverylittleaboutWesternculture.

D.Theydidnotencouragetheexpressionofemotions.

15．Accordingtothepassage,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappento

humanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?

A.Theywouldbecomelessintense.

B.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.

C.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.

D.Theywouldbecomemorenegative.

【答案與解析】

11．B“happyordespondent”中的or表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此despondent應(yīng)該與

happy意思相反。

12．C題干問(wèn)的是作者這樣說(shuō)的目的。由第一段可知，“Itturnsoutthat

theexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.”，作者隨后給出

了“Smiling”和“Baringtheteethinahostileway”兩個(gè)例子，因此C項(xiàng)正

確。

13．B由第二段第一句可推斷大多數(shù)研究人員都認(rèn)為“certainfacial

expressions...people”,或者都同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，因此“concur”的意思

與“agree”相同。

14．C由第二段可知，theFore幾乎與西方文化沒(méi)有接觸，他們?cè)跍y(cè)試

中也會(huì)“displayedfamiliarfacialexpressions”。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

15．A由第三段引用達(dá)爾文的話(huà)中可知，自由表達(dá)的情感變得更加強(qiáng)

烈，然而“therepression”，即那些沒(méi)有表達(dá)出來(lái)的情感被“soften”了，也

就是變得不那么強(qiáng)烈了，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

(4)

BANKSmimicotherbanks.Theyexposethemselvestosimilarrisksby

makingthesamesortsofloans.Eachbank’sappetiteforlendingrisesand

fallsinsync.Whatissafeforoneinstitutionbecomesdangerousiftheyalldo

thesame,whichisoftenhowfinancialtroublestarts.Thescopefornasty

spilloversisincreasedbydirectlinkages.Bankslendtoeachotheraswellas

tocustomers,soonefirm’sfailurecanquicklycauseotherstofallover,too.

Becauseoftheseconnections,rulestoensurethesoundnessofeachbankare

notenoughtokeepthebankingsystemsafeHencethecallsfor

“macroprudential”regulationtopreventfailuresofthefinancialsystemasa

whole.Althoughthereiswideagreementthatmacroprudentialpolicyis

neededtolimitsystemicrisk,therehasbeenverylittledetailabouthowit

mightwork.Twonewreportshelpfillthisgap.Oneisadiscussionpaper

fromtheBankofEngland,whichsketchesouttheelementsofa

macroprudentialregimeandidentifieswhatneedstobedecidedbeforeitis

putintopractice.Theotherpaper,bytheWarwickCommission,agro