考研英語閱讀詞匯多年真題總結(jié)

-PAGE1-考研核心詞匯1994-2006閱讀理解1994年text1economic//adj.1經(jīng)濟(jì)(上)的2產(chǎn)供銷的3經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的[例]Thecountryisabadeconomicstate.國家經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況很糟糕。Basically//adv.基本上,主要地[例]Basically,heisaniceperson,buthedoesn’talwaysshowit.他基本上是個好人，但并不經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出來。[同義]essentially，fundamentallyenterprises//n.1企業(yè),事業(yè),計劃2事業(yè)心,進(jìn)取心；干事業(yè)[例]Watchmakingandbankingarethechiefenterprisesofthecountry.制表業(yè)和銀行業(yè)是這個國家的主要企業(yè)。[派生]enterprising//adj,有事業(yè)心的,有進(jìn)取心的,有魄力的,有膽量的[固定搭配]freeenterprise自由企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)，私營企業(yè)orient//n.東方,東方諸國,指地中海以東各國,vi.1適應(yīng)形勢2向東,使朝東;使適應(yīng)；確定方向[例]Inthemarkets,IbreathedthesmellsoftheOrient.在這些市場上，我聞到東方國家的氣味。[反義]occident//n.西方,西洋,歐美,西歐諸國[派生]oriental//n.東方人(尤指中國人和日本人)adj.東方諸國的,亞洲的,東方的；(珍珠等)最優(yōu)質(zhì)的orientation//n,方向,方位,定位,傾向性,向東方consumer//n.消費(fèi)者[例]Thepriceincreaseswerepassedonbythefirmtotheconsumers.公司把上漲的費(fèi)用都轉(zhuǎn)嫁到消費(fèi)者身上。[派生]consume//v.1消耗,消費(fèi),消滅；大吃大喝,2吸引,消滅,毀滅consumption//n.消費(fèi),消費(fèi)量strive//adj.努力,奮斗,力爭,斗爭[例]Hestrovetoberecognizedasamusician.他力爭被人們承認(rèn)是個音樂家。[同義]struggle,endeavor[固定搭配]striveafter[for]為...奮斗;力求...;爭取...；strivetoward向...奮進(jìn),為...而努力；strivewith同...作斗爭；profit//n.利潤,益處,得益vi.得益,利用vt.有益于,有利于[例]Speculatorsprofitsfromchangesinprices.投機(jī)商從物價變動中得利。[詞組]ataprofit以獲利為結(jié)果[同義]gain,benefit,advantage[反義]loss[派生]profitableadj.有利可圖的[固定搭配]fatprofit巨額利潤；makeaprofiton在...上獲利；profitby[from]從...中得到益處[吸取教訓(xùn)]；makeone'sprofitof利用,使對自已有利；toone'sprofit[with]profit有益；motive//n.動機(jī),目的adj.發(fā)動的；運(yùn)動的[例]Greedwashisonlymotiveforstealing.貪婪是他偷竊的唯一原因。[同義]aim,purpose[派生]motivation//n.動機(jī)pressure/,,/n.1壓，壓力2電壓3壓迫，強(qiáng)制，緊迫[例]Thepressureofthewindfilledthesailsoftheboat.風(fēng)力使船帆張滿。individual//n.個人,個體adj.個別的,單獨(dú)的,個人的[例]Therightsoftheindividualareperhapsthemostimportantrightsinafreesociety.個人的權(quán)利恐怕是自由社會的最重要的權(quán)利。maximize//v.取...最大值,最佳化[例]Wemustmaximizeoutput.我們必須盡量提高產(chǎn)量。[反義]minimize//vt.將…減到最少v.最小化[派生]minimum//adj.最小的,最低的,,n.最小值,最小化maximum//n.最大量,最大限度,極大adj.最高的,最多的,最大極限的resource//n.資源,財力,辦法,智謀[例]naturalresources自然資源,amanofgreatresource足智多謀的人[固定搭配]leavesb.tohisownresources不去打擾factor//n.1因素，要素，因數(shù),,2代理人[例]Herfriendlymannerisanimportantfactorinherrapidsuccess.待人友好是她迅速獲得成功的重要因素。mechanism//n.1機(jī)械裝置2機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)制[例]Theclockdoesn’tgo;thereissomethingwrongwiththemechanism.鐘不走了，機(jī)件出了毛病。respond//n.回答,響應(yīng),v.作出反應(yīng),有反應(yīng)[例]Iofferedhimadrinkbuthedidn'trespond.我請他喝酒，但他未作回答。relative//n.1親戚2關(guān)系詞3相關(guān)物3親緣植物adv.1有關(guān)系的2相對的，比較而言的[例]Afterhistroubles,he'snowinrelativecomfort.困境過后，他現(xiàn)在比較舒服了。[派生]relativitly//n.相對性,相關(guān)性，相對論[固定搭配]berelativeto1和……成比例2和……有關(guān)系3隨…為轉(zhuǎn)移bid//v.1出價,投標(biāo)2祝愿3命令,吩咐,n.1出價,投標(biāo)2支付[例]Theylostthecontractbecausetheirbidwastoohigh.他們因索價太高而失去了那張合同。eliminate//vt.排除,消除,除去[例]Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedidnotwinanyofthepracticeraces.她已被取消了游泳比賽，因為她在訓(xùn)練中沒有得到名次。[同義]remove,wipeoutcommodity//n.商品，日用品[例]AirconditionersareoneofthemanycommoditiesthatJapansellsabroad.空調(diào)是日本許多出口商品中的一種。productive//adj.生產(chǎn)性的,生產(chǎn)的；能產(chǎn)的,多產(chǎn)的[例]averyproductivewriter多產(chǎn)作家aproductiveeffort生產(chǎn)力[派生]productivity//n.生產(chǎn)力product//n.產(chǎn)品,產(chǎn)物,乘積production//n.生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)品,作品,研究成果property//n.財產(chǎn),所有物,所有權(quán),性質(zhì),特性,小道具[例]Thiscarismyproperty.這車是我的財產(chǎn)。[同義]possession,belongingsembrace//vt.1擁抱；互相擁抱2包含3收買4信奉vi.擁抱,n.擁抱[例]Sheembracedhersontenderlywhenhecamehomeaftertenyears'absence.她兒子離家十年后回家時她親切地?fù)肀鹤?。[同義]hug,hold,accept,adopt1994年text2issue//n.事件，問題,v.1發(fā)行；流出2造成……結(jié)果[例]“Manypeoplefailtograspwhatisreallyatissuehere”“很多人都沒有領(lǐng)會到這里到底在爭論什么”(蓋爾·希伊)[固定搭配]atissue待解決的；爭議中的；takeissue對…持異議；credit//n.1信任2信用,聲望3學(xué)分,榮譽(yù),vt.相信,信任[例]Youshouldhavenotroublegettingtheloanifyourcreditisgood.如果你信譽(yù)良好，要取得這筆貸款就沒有什么問題了。[同義]belief,faith,trust[派生]credible//adj.可信的,可靠的[固定搭配]bebareofcredit名譽(yù)不好,無信譽(yù)；betosb.'scredit為某人增光；crackcredit失信用；automatic//n.自動機(jī)械,,adj.自動的,無意識的[例]Theheatingsysteminthehotelhasanautomatictemperaturecontrol.旅館里的取暖系統(tǒng)是自動調(diào)溫的。[同義]spontaneousavailable//adj.可用到的,可利用的,有用的[例]Attention,please.Theseticketsareavailableon(the)dayofissueonly.請注意,這種車票僅在發(fā)售當(dāng)天有效。[反義]hinder[派生]availability/,/n.可用性,有效性,實用性avail//vi.有益于,有幫助,有用,有利于n.效用,利益[固定搭配]makesth.availableto使……可以享受某物;使……買得起某物；makesth.availablefor使……可以享受某物;withdrew//v.收回,撤消,縮回,退出,撤退[例]Hewithdrewfromtherace.他退出比賽。[同義]abandon，deduct，extract，quit，recede，remove，retreatdeposite//n.1堆積物,沉淀物2存款3押金,vt.存放；堆,vi.沉淀[例]Shedepositedhermoneyinthebank.她把錢存在銀行里。[派生]deposition//n.沉積作用,沉積物,革職,廢王位,免職[固定搭配]bankdeposit銀行存款；demanddeposit活期存款；pettycurrentdeposit小額(零存)活期存款；ondeposit儲存;timedeposit定期存款；depositsth.With把某物存放在...scatter//vt.離散，分散[例]Thefarmerscatteredthecornintheyardforthehens.農(nóng)民把谷子撒在院子里喂雞。[同義]spread,disperselocation//n.位置,場所,特定區(qū)域[例]Havetheydecidedonthelocationofthenewbuildingyet?這座新建筑的位置你們定下來了嗎？horizon//n.地平線[例]Icouldseeashiponthehorizon.我可以看見地平線上有一艘輪船。[派生]horizontal//adj.地平線的,水平的[固定搭配]onthehorizon在地平線上;在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來convenience//n.便利,方便,有益[例]Gasisoneofthemodernconveniencesthenewly-builtapartmentbuildingprovides.這座新造的公寓大樓裝有煤氣等現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備。[派生]convenient//adj.便利的,方便的register//n.記錄,登記簿vt.記錄,登記,注冊vi.1登記,注冊2掛號[例]Themachineregisteredhowfastweweregoing.這臺機(jī)器指示出我們進(jìn)行得有多快。track//n.1軌跡,車轍2跟蹤,vt.循路而行,追蹤,vi.追蹤[例]Thehunterfollowedtheanimal'stracks.獵人追蹤動物的足跡。efficient//adj.有效率的,能干的[例]Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone.這臺新復(fù)印機(jī)比那臺舊的效率高。[同義]effective,competent,capable[派生]efficiency//n.效率,功效personnel//n.人員,職員[例]Allpersonnelwereaskedtoparticipate.全體員工都被要求參加。[同義]staffstaff//n.全體職員,供給人員,充當(dāng)職員[例]Thecompanyhasgotastaffofabout40.這家公司大約有40名雇員。assignment//n.1分配,委派2任務(wù),課外；作業(yè)[例]Whataretoday'sassignment?今天的作業(yè)是什么?[派生]assign//vt.分配,指派,賦值accordingly//adv.因此,從而[例]Hewasaskedtoleavethecityandaccordinglyhewent.有人叫他離開該城市,所以他就走了。[派生]accord//n.一致,符合,vt.一致accordance//n.一致,和諧identify//v.識別,鑒別,把…和…看成一樣,確定[例]Thatpoliticianistoocloselyidentifiedwiththeformergovernmenttobecomeaministerinours.那位政客被認(rèn)為與上屆政府關(guān)系過于密切,不能成為本屆政府里的部長。[同義]recognize,distinguish[派生]identification/,/n.辨認(rèn),鑒定,證明,identity//n.同一，一致,身份promotional//adj.增進(jìn)的,獎勵的[派生]promotion//n.促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng),提升,提拔,晉升promote//vt.促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng),提升,提拔,晉升為campaign//n.競選運(yùn)動參加活動,從事活動；作戰(zhàn)[例]Grant'sVicksburgcampaignsecuredtheentireMississippifortheUnion.格蘭特的維克伯格戰(zhàn)役為聯(lián)邦挽救了整個密西西比.manufacturer//n.制造業(yè)者,廠商[例]Thewashingmachinedoesn’twork,sowesentitbacktothemanufacturers.這臺洗衣機(jī)壞了，所以我們把它送回制造廠家。[派生]manufacture//v.制造,加工n.制造,制造業(yè)；產(chǎn)品analyz//vt.分析,分解[例]Thescientistanalyzedthemilkandfounditcontainedtoomuchwater.科學(xué)家分析了一下牛奶，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面含水分過多。[反義]synthesize[派生]analysis//n.分析,分解analyst//n.分析家,分解者emphasize//vt.強(qiáng)調(diào),著重,n.強(qiáng)調(diào)[例]Imustemphasizethefactthattheyareonlychildren.我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)這一事實,即他們只不過是孩子。[反義]ignore,neglect[派生]emphasis//n.強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn)raw//adj.未加工的,生疏的,處于自然狀態(tài)的,n.擦傷[例]Allthesearerawmaterials.這些都是原材料。numerous//adj.眾多的,許多的,無數(shù)的[例]Thosebirdshavebecomemorenumerouslately.近來那種鳥變得越來越多了。[同義]many,alotofcommercial//adj.商業(yè)的,貿(mào)易的[例]Acommercialcollegeteachesthingsthatwouldbeusefulinbusiness.商學(xué)院教授那些在商業(yè)中可能會有用的東西。[派生]commerce/,/n.商業(yè)utility//n.效用,有用[例]Acommodityorservice,suchaselectricity,water,orpublictransportation,thatisprovidedbyapublicutility.公用事業(yè)：由公用事業(yè)公司提供的商品或服務(wù)，如電力，水和公共交通[派生]utilize//v.利用processor//n.處理機(jī)處理器[例]awoodpulpprocessor紙漿加工機(jī)[派生]process//n.過程,作用,方法,程序,vt.加工processive//adj.前進(jìn)的,進(jìn)行的,向前的1994年text3exceptional//adj.例外的,異常的[例]"Allherchildrenareclever,buttheyoungestdaughterisreallyexceptional.""她的孩子們都很聰明,但最小的女兒尤為突出。"[派生]exception//n.除外,例外,反對,異議,except//v.把…除外,反對,不計,反對,除了…之外,若不是,除非,只是,要不是significant//adj.有意義的,重大的,重要的[例]Itisasignificantchangeinthetaxlaws.稅務(wù)法律中的一個重大變化。[派生]significance//n.意義,重要性adult//n.成人,成年人adj.成人的,成熟的[例]Theadultsinthefamilylikethefrontpage,theeditorialpage,andtheworldnewssection.家里的大人們喜歡頭一版,即社論版,和世界新聞欄。potential/,/adj.潛在的,可能的,n.1,潛能,潛力,2電壓[例]Everyseedisapotentialplant.每粒種子都可能長成植物。[同義]possible,hidden,underlying[反義]actualadapt//v.使適應(yīng),改編[例]WhenhemovedtoCanada,thechildrenadaptedtothechangeverywell.他移居加拿大后孩子們很能適應(yīng)變化。[同義]adjust[反義]alter，change，modify，vary[派生]adaptation//n.適應(yīng),改編,改寫本[固定搭配]adaptfor,使適合于,adaptfrom,根據(jù),改寫；adaptoneselfto,使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于某事；adaptsthto使某事物適應(yīng)或適合capture//n.捕獲；戰(zhàn)利品,vt.俘獲,捕獲,奪取[例]Thestatevisitbythepremiercapturedtheheadlinesofallnewspapers.總理的國事訪問各報都用大標(biāo)題登出。[同義]arrest，imprison，seize[反義]releaseaware//adj.知道的,明白的,意識到的[例]Wewerequiteaware(of)howyouwouldrespondtoourterms.我們十分清楚你們對我們提出的條件會有什么反應(yīng)。[同義]conscious，knowing，realizing[反義]ignorant，unaware[派生]awareness//n.知道,曉得[固定搭配]beawareof知道,意識到scenery//n.風(fēng)景,景色[例]Thesceneryinthemountainsisverybeautiful.山里的景色非常美。generation//n.1產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生2一代，一代人[例]Webelongtothesamegeneration.我們是同齡人。[派生]generate/,/n.產(chǎn)生,發(fā)生generator//n.發(fā)電機(jī),發(fā)生器prejudice//n.1偏見,成見2損害v.侵害,損害[例]Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice.法官不應(yīng)存有偏見。decade//n.十年,十[例]Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.在過去的十年間，物價一直在上漲。indicate//vt.1指出,顯示2象征,預(yù)示3需要4簡要地說明[例]Inthismap,thetownsareindicatedbyareddot.在這張地圖上，城鎮(zhèn)是用小紅點(diǎn)標(biāo)的。[同義]hint，implydeserve//v.應(yīng)受,值得,應(yīng)受[例]Thesepeopledeserveourhelp.這些人值得我們幫助。[固定搭配]deserveillof有罪[功]于；deservewellof有罪[功]于；deservebetterof有罪[功]于；rightlydeserve完全應(yīng)得(懲罰)capability//n.實際,能力,性能,容量,接受力[例]Thelittlegirlhasgreatcapabilityasasingerandshouldbetrained.這個小女孩很有當(dāng)歌手的才能,應(yīng)該加以訓(xùn)練。[同義]ability，capacity，competency，efficiency，fitness，power，talentdemocratic//adj.民主的,民主主義的；民主政體的[例]“aproperdemocraticscornforbloateddukesandlords”(GeorgeduMaurier)“真正的民主對發(fā)胖的貴族和地主嗤之以鼻”(喬治·杜·莫里耶)[派生]democracy//n.民主政治,民主主義denote//vt.指示,表示[例]Themark‘∧’denotesaplaceofomission.“∧”記號指示有脫漏的地方。[同義]imply，indicate，signifyequality/,/n.等同性,同等,平等,相等,等式[例]Allthreechildrenhaveequalityinourfamily—theyarealltreatedinthesameway.三個小孩在我們家都是平等的，他們都被同等對待。interpreter//n.1解釋程序2解釋者,口譯人員；翻譯員[例]“Anactorisaninterpreterofothermen'swords,oftenasoulwhichwishestorevealitselftotheworld”(AlecGuinness)“演員是他人話語的口譯員，通常是一個希望向世界展示自己的人物”(亞歷克·吉尼斯)[派生]interpriet//v.解釋,說明,口譯,通譯,認(rèn)為是…的意思o(jì)pportunity//n.機(jī)會,時機(jī)[例]I'llhaveanotheropportunitytovisittheexhibitionnextyear.明年我們還有一次機(jī)會參觀這個展覽會。[同義]chance，occasioncapacity//n.1容量,生產(chǎn)量2智能,才能,能力[例]Ihavecomeinthecapacityofalegaladviser.我是以法律顧問的身份來的。confirm//v.確定,批準(zhǔn),確認(rèn)[基督教中]給…行按手禮[例]Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessagebywritingtome.請給我來封信，好進(jìn)一步證實你在電話中傳達(dá)的消息。[同義]establish，prove，verify[反義]contradict，deny，disproveappropriate//adj.適當(dāng)?shù)腫例]Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.他的便服,不適宜在這樣正式的場合穿。[同義]suitable，proper[反義]inappropriate，unfit，unsuitablemodify//vt.更改,修改,修改[例]TheequipmentmaybemodifiedtoproduceVCDsets.這設(shè)備可以經(jīng)過改裝用來生產(chǎn)光碟機(jī)。[派生]madification//n.更改,修改,修正substantially/,/adv.主要地；實質(zhì)上地重大地[例]Theplanwassubstantiallyfulfilled.這個計劃被實質(zhì)性的執(zhí)行了。[派生]substance//n.物質(zhì),實質(zhì),主旨substantial//adj.堅固的實質(zhì)的,真實的,充實的1994年text4confidence//n.信心[例]“Themostvitalqualityasoldiercanpossessisself-confidence,utter,completeandbumptious”(GeorgeS.Patton).“一個士兵所擁有的最重要的品格是自信、果斷、徹底和驕傲”（喬治·S·巴頓）。[同義]assurance[反義]doubt,distrust,diffidencevast/v/adj.巨大的,遼闊的,巨額的[例]Thecityisvastcomparedtoourvillage.和我們村相比，這個城市非常大。[同義]enormous，gigantic，great，huge，immense，largeinfection//n.傳染,傳染??；影響[例]Peoplewithhepatitiswhoworkinrestaurantsoftenpassontheinfectioninthefood.在餐館工作的肝炎患者經(jīng)常通過食物把這種病傳染給他人。[派生]inflect//v.傳染,感染survive//v.幸免于,幸存,生還[例]Themanwasveryill,buthesurvived.這個人病得很厲害，可是他活下來了。[同義]continue，outlast，outlive，remain[反義]perish[派生]survival//n.生存,幸存,殘存；幸存者,殘存物statistic//n.統(tǒng)計學(xué),統(tǒng)計表[例]Rememberthatthesestatisticsdescribecollegefreshmenin1972.要記住,這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于一九七二年時的一年級生情況的。existence//n.存在,實在,生活,存在物,實在物[例]Theelephantisthelargestlandanimalinexistence.大象是現(xiàn)有的最大的陸上動物。[派生]exist//v.存在,生存,生活,繼續(xù)存在cosmic//adj.宇宙的[例]Planetswereformedoutofcosmicdust.行星是由宇宙塵形成的。dormant//adj.睡眠狀態(tài)的,靜止的,隱匿的[例]Thereisadormantvolcano.有一座休眠火山。[同義]inactive，sleepinginvolve//v.包括,籠罩；潛心于,使陷于;關(guān)于[例]Allthechildrenwereinvolvedintheschoolplay.所有的孩子都參加了學(xué)校排練的劇。mysterious//adj.神秘的[例]They'rebeingverymysteriousabouttheirholidayplans.關(guān)于他們的度假計劃,他們顯得很神秘。[派生]mystery//n.神秘,神秘的事物initiate//v.開始,發(fā)動,傳授開始,發(fā)起[例]Thebookwaswrittentoinitiatetooutsidersinthemysteriesofthetrade.寫這本書是為了讓外行初步了解這一行業(yè)的奧秘。[同義]begin,start,introduce,admit,receive[派生]initiation/,/n.開始evolutionary//adj.進(jìn)化的[例]Itisanevolutionaryphenomenon.那是一個進(jìn)化現(xiàn)象。[派生]evolve//v.使…發(fā)展,使…進(jìn)展,使…進(jìn)化,evolution/,,/n.進(jìn)展,發(fā)展,演變,進(jìn)化prospect//n.景色,前景,前途；期望,v.尋找,勘探[例]Theprospectingteamploughedtheirwaythroughthesnows.勘探隊排雪前進(jìn)。[同義]perspective,outlook[派生]propective//adj.預(yù)期的[固定搭配]inprospect可期待;有...希望;在考慮中，openupprospects(for)為...開辟前景counteract//v.抵消,中和[例]Thisdrugshouldcounteractthepoison.這藥可消解毒性。1994年text5technology//n.技術(shù),工藝,工程,方法制造，[例]Scienceandtechnologyisthesymbolofthemodernsociety.科技是現(xiàn)代社會的標(biāo)志。[派生]technological//adj.科技的technologist//n.技術(shù)專家,工藝學(xué)家,工藝人員dramatic//adj.戲劇性的,動人的[例]Themountains,blue–greenglaciers,andotherdramaticsightsareattractingmoreandmoretouristseachyear.連綿的山巒，翠綠的冰川，以及其他許多驚心動魄的景色年年吸引著越來越多的游客。[同義]significant,noticeable[派生]dramatic//n.(在舞臺上演的)戲劇,戲劇藝術(shù)dramatics//n.業(yè)余演出(或創(chuàng)作的)戲劇,戲劇效果legend//n.傳說,傳奇，偉人傳；圖例[例]Heisalegendinhisownlifetimeforhisscientificdiscoveries.他在他那時代是科學(xué)發(fā)明界的傳奇人物。[派生]legendary//n.傳奇故事書,傳奇文學(xué)adj.傳說中的mold//n.1模子,鑄型2霉3性格,氣質(zhì),,vt.澆鑄,塑造[例]Heiscastinhisfather'smold.他長得和他父親一模一樣。[派生]moldy//adj.發(fā)霉的,腐臭的antibacterial//adj.抗菌的n.抗菌藥[例]Thechemistexperimentedformanytimesandatlasthediscoveredtheantibacterialsubstances.這個藥劑師實驗了很多次，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些抗菌物質(zhì)。innovation//n.創(chuàng)新,革新,改革,新發(fā)明[例]Theinnovationofairtravelduringthiscenturyhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.本世紀(jì)發(fā)明的空中飛行似乎使世界變小了。[派生]innovation//vi.改革,創(chuàng)新innovative//adj.創(chuàng)新的,革新(主義)的prime//n.最初,青春,精華,,adj.1主要的,最初的,有青春活力的2最好的v.1預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好,<口>讓人吃(喝)足,,2灌注,填裝[例]1灌注：Theyprimedthelampwithoil.他們?yōu)闊艏訚M了油。2最好：Springistheprimetimeforplantingtrees.春天是植樹的最好時間。[派生]primely//adv.最初,最好地,極好地[同義]chief,leading,main,principal[反義]subordinateapproach//n.1接近,逼近,走進(jìn),2方法,步驟,途徑,通路vt.1接近2動手處理,,vi.靠近[例]1接近：Theperformanceapproachesperfection.表演近乎完美2方法：Theapproachisperfect.這是一個完美的方案。[同義]reach,comenear[反義]separate,partconsciously/,/adv.有意識地,自覺地[例]Hewasbadlyhurtandcouldnotthinkconsciously.他傷的很重不能有意識的想問題。[派生]conscious//adj.知道的，意識到的有知覺的；處于清醒狀態(tài)的fanciful//adj.愛空想的,,奇怪的,,稀奇的,,想像的[例]Yourideaisratherfanciful.你的想法頗為虛懸。[派生]fancy//adj.奇特的,,異樣的,v.想象,設(shè)想,認(rèn)為,愛好,自負(fù)n,愛好,迷戀,想象力abstraction//n.1抽象概念2提取,萃取,抽出3不切實際的觀念4出神5引水,抽血[例]Theideaofrednessisanabstraction.,紅色概念是一種抽象概念。[派生]abstract//n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奧的,理論的,v.摘要,提煉,抽象化abstractianism//n.【美】抽象主義,抽象派藝術(shù)professional//n.自由職業(yè)者,專業(yè)人員,職業(yè)運(yùn)動員,職業(yè)藝人adj.專業(yè)的,職業(yè)的[例]Alawyerisaprofessionalman.律師是從事專門職業(yè)的人。[同義]occupational,vocational[反義]amateur[派生]profession//n.職業(yè),專業(yè),表白,宣布virtue//n.德行,美德,優(yōu)點(diǎn)[例]Honestyisavirtue.誠實是一種美德。[同義]morality,merit,goodness[反義]vice[派生]virtuous//adj.善良的,有道德的,貞潔的,有效力的[固定搭配]byvirtueof由于；靠…的力量(=invirtueof)；womanofeasyvirtue（和許多男人發(fā)生性關(guān)系的）水性女子；authority//n.權(quán)威；權(quán)威人士；著作權(quán)威[例]Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests.代表們被授予拘捕權(quán)[同義]right,power[派生]authorization//n.授權(quán),認(rèn)可authorize//v.,批準(zhǔn)authorized//adj.權(quán)威認(rèn)可的,審定的,經(jīng)授權(quán)的plastic/,/n.1塑膠,可塑體,塑料制品,2整形adj.塑膠的,塑造的,有可塑性的,造形的[例]plasticcups塑料杯plasticsurgery整形外科garbage//n.垃圾,廢物[例]Theiradviceturnedouttobenothingbutgarbage.他們的意見僅僅是廢話[同義]junk,litter,refuse,rubbish,trash,wasteproposition//n.主張,建議；問題,vi.,提議,建議[例]Findinganaffordableapartmentwillbeadifficultproposition.要找到一間付得起的公寓是件難事[同義]suggestion[派生]propose//vt.計劃,建議,向...提議,求(婚),vi.打算,求婚apparently//adv.顯然地,明白,外觀上地[例]Iwasn’tthere,butapparentlyshetriedtodrownhim.我當(dāng)時并不在場，不過她顯然想把他淹死。[同義]evidentlyaltermate//adj.交替的,輪流的；預(yù)備的v.交替,輪流,改變[例]Hislifeseemsverydullandalternatesbetweenworkandsleep.他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡覺,睡完覺又工作。[同義]periodic,rotate,change[反義]consecutive,successive,sequent[派生]alternation//n.交替,輪流,間隔alternative//n.二中擇一,可供選擇的辦法,事物adj.選擇性的,二中擇一的bound//n.,躍進(jìn),跳,范圍,限度,adj.正要啟程的,開往...去的,被束縛的,裝訂的,v.跳躍,,限制[例]1跳：Hisheartboundedwithexcitement.他興奮得心頭砰砰直跳。2限度Ourjoyknewnobounds.我們快樂無比。[同義]jump,leap[固定搭配]beboundto必定,一定；beboundupin熱心于,專心致志于；beboundupwith與……有密切聯(lián)系;與……利益一致；1995年text1distribution//n.1分配,分發(fā)；配給物2銷售3發(fā)行[例]Thedistributionofthepaperis7000.該報的銷售量為7000份。[同義]allocation[派生]distribute/,/vt.分發(fā),分配,分類,分區(qū)v.分發(fā)reasonable//adj.合理的,有道理的,講道理的[例]areasonableman通情達(dá)理的人[同義]fair，just，justifiable，logical，practical，rational，realistic，sane[反義]unreasonable//adj.不講道理的,不合理的,過度的,不切實際的thereby//adv.1因此,從而2在那方面,在那附近[例]Hebecameacitizen,therebygainingtherighttovote.他成了公民，因此有投票權(quán)。export//vt.輸出n.1輸出,出口2出口商品v.出口[例]Chinaexportstomanyothercountriesregions.中國向許多其它國家和地區(qū)出口貨物。[同義]ship[反義]import//n.1進(jìn)口貨(常用復(fù)數(shù)),進(jìn)口,輸入2重要性vt.1輸入,進(jìn)口2含...的意思；重要vi.有關(guān)系,有重要性enormously//adv.1非常地2巨大地[例]I'menormouslygratefulforyourhelp.我萬分感謝你的幫助。ensure//vt.保證,擔(dān)保,使安全v.確保,確保,保證[例]Ourprecautionsensuredoursafety.我們的預(yù)防措施保證了我們的安全[同義]assure,defend,guarantee,guard,makecertain,protecttherefore//adv.因此,所以[例]Hehasbrokenhislegandthereforehecan'twalk.他摔壞了腿，因此不能走路了。[同義]accordingly,consequently,henceeffective//adj.1有效的；被實施的2給人深刻印象,有生力量[例]Thelawiseffectiveimmediately.這項法律立即生效[反義]ineffective//adj.無效的,(指人)工作效率低的[派生]effect//n.1結(jié)果,效果2作用,影響,(在視聽方面給人流下的)印象vt.實現(xiàn),達(dá)到(目的等)guarantee//n.1保證,保證書,擔(dān)保2抵押品vt.保證,擔(dān)保[例]Lackofinterestisaguaranteeoffailure.缺乏興趣肯定會導(dǎo)致失敗[同義]assure,certify,endorse,pledge,promise,secure,sponsor,swear,warrant[固定搭配]bankguarantee銀行擔(dān)保；bidguarantee投標(biāo)擔(dān)保,承包擔(dān)保；buyer'screditguarantee買方信貸擔(dān)保；cashguarantee保證金；parliament//n.國會,議會[例]Parliamentmakeslaws.議會制訂法律。[派生]parliamentary//adj.議會的promote//vt.1促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng)2提升,提拔,晉升為[例]Ourteacherhasbeenpromotedtoheadmaster.我們的老師已被提升為校長了。[反義]degrade//v.(使)降級,(使)墮落,(使)退化[派生]promotion//n.1促進(jìn),發(fā)揚(yáng)2提升,提拔,晉升mercifully//adv.仁慈的,慈悲的[例]Thisletterismercifullybrief.這封信十分的簡短。[派生]mercy//n.仁慈,寬恕,憐憫merciful//adj.仁慈的,慈悲的inferior//adj.1下等的,下級的,差的,次的2自卑的,劣等的[例]Captainisaninferiorranktomajor.上尉是低于少校的一個官階[同義]lesser,lower,secondary,subordinate,worse[反義]superior//n.長者,高手,上級adj.較高的,上級的,上好的,出眾的,高傲的[固定搭配]beinferiorto在之下;次于;不如；besb.'sinferiorin在方面不及某人；inferiorbycomparison相形見絀；proof//n.1證據(jù),試驗,考驗2[印刷]校樣adj.1不能透入的2證明用的,防...的；有耐力的vt.1檢驗,校對2使不被穿透[例]Iswhatyousayaguessorhaveyourproof?你所說的是猜測還是有證據(jù)呢？[同義]evidenceexcessively//adv.過分地,非常地[例]"Besides,excessivelylargemassesofhumanbeingsworkinginasinglegiganticbuildingoverburdenpublictransportation.""此外,許許多多的人在一幢大樓里上班工作,加重了公共交通的負(fù)擔(dān)。"[派生]excess/,/n.過度,剩于,無節(jié)制,超過adj.過度的,額外的distinction//n.1區(qū)別,差別,級別；特性2聲望,顯赫[例]Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweentheprimaryandsecondarycontradictions.要區(qū)分主要矛盾和次要矛盾。[派生]distinct//adj.清楚的,明顯的,截然不同的,獨(dú)特的confine//vt.限制,禁閉n.界限,邊界[例]Pleaseconfineyourremarkstotheissuesathand.請你把話題局限在手頭的問題上[同義]contain,enclose,imprison,keepin,restrain,surround[反義]liberate//v.解放,釋放[派生]confined//adj.被限制的,狹窄的,分娩的confinement//n.(被)限制,(被)禁閉,產(chǎn)期,分娩merely//adv.僅僅,只,不過[例]Imerelylookedatthechocolate;Ididnoteatit.我只不過看了看巧克力，我沒有吃。[同義]barely,only,purely,simply[派生]mere//adj.僅僅的,起碼的,純粹的subtly//adv.敏銳地,精細(xì)地,巧妙地[例]Newsmediasubtlyinfluencestheattitudesofourlife.新聞媒體很巧妙地影響著我們的生活態(tài)度。[派生]subtle//adj.狡猾的,敏感的,微妙的,精細(xì)的,稀薄的personality//n.1個性,人格；人物,名人2(用復(fù)數(shù))誹謗、人身攻擊[例]Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.雖然他們性格迥異，但卻相處友好[同義]identity,individuality1995年text2external//adj.1外部的,客觀的,,[醫(yī)]外用的2外國的n.外部,外面[例]Aninternalsenseofrighteousnessdwindlesintoanexternalconcernforreputation?A.R.Gurney,Jr.)“內(nèi)心的正義感變成對外在名譽(yù)的關(guān)心”(小A.R.格尼)[同義]exterior，outer，outside，surface[反義]internal//adj.內(nèi)在的,國內(nèi)的measure//n.1尺寸,量度器,量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2方法,測量,措施vt.1測量,測度,估量2分派,權(quán)衡,調(diào)節(jié)vi.量[例]1測量：Thestandardkilogramismaintainedasameasureofmass.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的千克是測量質(zhì)量的量度2較量Shemeasuredherpowerwiththatofadangerousadversary.她拿自己的力量和危險的敵手進(jìn)行較量[同義]appraise，assess，compare，estimate，grade，rank，rate，size[固定搭配]measureup（常與to連用）合格；符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）contrast//vt.使與...對比,使與...對照vi.和...形成對照n.對比,對照,(對照中的)差異[例]Mynewschoolwasawelcomecontrasttotheonebefore.我的新學(xué)校比以前的好多了。[同義]compare，liken，match，measuredefinition//n.1定義2解說3精確度,(輪廓影像等的)清晰度[例]Goodphotographshavedefinition.好的照片都很清晰。[派生]define//vt.定義,詳細(xì)說明,definite//adj.明確的,一定的specific//n.1特效藥2細(xì)節(jié)adj.1詳細(xì)而精確的,明確的2特殊的,特效的,,[生物]種的[例]Iwantaspecificanswer.我想要一個明確的回答。[同義]definite，fixed，particular，precise，special[反義]general//n.1普通2將軍3概要adj.1一般的,普通的2綜合的,概括的,全面的,大體的n.常規(guī)[派生]specify//vt.1指定2詳細(xì)說明,列入清單specification//n.詳述,規(guī)格,說明書,規(guī)范signpost//n.路標(biāo)[例]Weusuallyputupsignpostsonthehighwayforthedrivers.我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機(jī)們設(shè)立些路標(biāo)。landmark//n.1(航海)陸標(biāo),地界標(biāo),里程碑2劃時代的事[例]ThePotalaPalaceisTibet’scardinallandmarkandastructurethatdeservesaplaceasoneofthewondersofeasternarchitecture.布達(dá)拉宮是西藏標(biāo)志性的建筑，它能被認(rèn)為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。[同義]milestone，pointattitude//n.姿勢,態(tài)度，意見[例]People'sattitudetowardstheskyscrapersvarieswidely.人們對這些摩天大樓的態(tài)度很不相同。[同義]opinion，position，standpoint，viewpointencounter//v.遭遇,遇到,相遇n.遭遇,遭遇戰(zhàn)[例]Theyoungscientistsencounteredmanydifficultiesduringtheirexploration.年輕的科學(xué)家們在探險期間遇到了許多困難。[同義]battle，collide，comeacross，confront，meet，opposeobstacle//n.障礙,妨害物[例]Wecombatobstaclesinordertogetrepose?HenryAdams).“為了獲得歇息，我們與困難斗爭”（亨利·亞當(dāng)斯）。[同義]barrier，block，deterrent，hindrance，hitch，impedimentobstruction，snag，stoppage[反義]help//n.幫忙,補(bǔ)救辦法,助手,治療,<美>傭工vt.幫助,助長,接濟(jì),治療,款待vi.有用,救命,招待challenge//n.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向...挑戰(zhàn)[例]Hechallengedmetoplayanothertennisgame.他向我挑戰(zhàn)要我跟他再打一場網(wǎng)球。[同義]confront,dare,defy,dispute,doubt,question[派生]challenging//adj.引起挑戰(zhàn)性興趣的,挑逗的risk//vt.冒...的危險n.冒險,風(fēng)險[例]Hisactionriskedasharpreprisal.他的行為冒著極可能遭到報復(fù)的危險[同義]chance,endanger,expose,gamble,hazard,imperil,jeopardize,venture[反義]safety//n.安全,保險,安全設(shè)備,保險裝置[固定搭配]run[take]theriskofdoingsth.冒險做某事；takenorisks慎重行事；atrisk在危險中；confront//vt.使面臨,對抗[例]Iwishtoconfrontmyaccuserinacourtoflaw.我希望和控告我的人當(dāng)庭對質(zhì)[同義]encounter,face,oppose[派生]confrontation//n.面對,面對面,對質(zhì)essential//adj.1本質(zhì)的,實質(zhì)的,基本的2提煉的,精華的n.1本質(zhì),實質(zhì)2要素,要點(diǎn)[例]Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么?[同義]basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required,vital[派生]essence//n.基本,,[哲]本質(zhì),香精perceive//vt.察覺v.感知,感到,認(rèn)識到[例]IperceivedthatIcouldnotmakeherchangehermind.我發(fā)覺我不能使她改變她的主意。[同義]detect,distinguish,experience,feelmakeout,observe,recognizesense[派生]perception//n.理解,感知,感覺,DPS公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡perceptive//adj.有理解的tend//vi.趨向,往往是vt.照管,護(hù)理[例]Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。[同義]administer,attend,bend,carefor,foster,help,incline[派生]tendency//n.趨向,傾向indecisive/,/adj.非決定性的[例]Therearenoindecisiveboundariesbetweenthetwoopinions.這兩種意見界線分明。[反義]decisive//adj.決定性的timidity//n.膽怯[例]Histimiditypreventedhimfromaskinghertothedance.他由于膽怯沒敢邀請她去參加舞會。[派生]timid//adj.膽小的,羞怯的hesitate//v.猶豫,躊躇,不愿[例]Hehesitatedbeforeheansweredbecausehedidn'tknowwhattosay.他在回答之前猶豫了一下，因為他不知道說什么。[同義]falter，flounder，letup，pause，rest，waver[反義]dare，decide，determine[派生]hesitation//n.猶豫,躊躇cope//vi.(善于)應(yīng)付,(善于)處理[例]Sheisnotacompetentdriverandcan'tcopewithdrivinginheavytraffic."她不是個能干的司機(jī),在交通擁擠時就開不好車。"[同義]face，putup，struggleinsecurity//n.不安全,不安全感[例]Thechild’sfeelingofinsecuritywascausedbyhismother’searlydeath.這孩子無依無靠的感覺是由于他母親早死所造成的。[反義]security//n.安全[派生]secure//adj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,無慮的v.保護(hù)unavoidable//adj.不能避免的,不能取消的[例]anunavoidableaccident必然會發(fā)生的事故[同義]certain，inescapable，inevitable，sure[反義]avoidable//adj.可避免的overcome//vt.戰(zhàn)勝,克服,勝過vi.得勝[例]Wewereovercomewithjoy.我們喜出望外。[同義]conquer，defeat，driveoff，frustrate，overpower，surmount[反義]submit//v.使)服從,(使)順從vt.提交,遞交cease//v.停止,終了[例]Weworkedwithoutceasetogettheprojectfinishedontime.我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時完成計劃[同義]discontinue，end，halt，qu