四川省雅安市雅安市聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題

2024屆高三英語(yǔ)試題考生注意:1.本試卷共150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Akindoffood.B.Acloserelative.C.Anewhotel.2.HowwillthespeakersgototheSportsplex?A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bytaxi.3.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.InwhichcitydidthewomanandJohnstaythelongest?A.Vienna.B.Rome.C.Paris.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Heusedtobealawyer.B.Heisbeinginterviewednow.C.Hegotthenewsfromhisaunt.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthespeakershavetheirpicnic?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.7.Whowillgotothemarket?A.Lucy’sparents.B.Johnny’smother.C.JohnnyandLucy.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabookstore.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A.Waitforhisturn.B.Signhisname.C.Callhisfriend.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Customerandshopassistant.11.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisverypoor.B.Hehatesshopping.C.Heoftenestothestore.12.Whichdressdoesthewomanlike?A.Theredone.B.Theblueone.C.Thewhiteone.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofvisitingartgalleries?A.WorthwhileB.Costly.C.Disappointing.14.Wheredidthewomangorecently?A.ToSeoul.B.ToWashington.C.ToParis.15.Howoldisthewomannow?A.22yearsold.B.26yearsold.C.28yearsold.16.Whichartgallerydoesthemanwanttovisitagain?A.Muséed’Orsay.B.CentrePompidou,C.TheNationalGalleryofArt.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhatisPerelman?A.Areporter.B.Adoctor.C.Aresearcher.18.Withwhomdobabiesfeelthemostfortable?A.Otherbabies.B.Babysitters.C.Strangeadults.19.Howmaybabiesreacttounfamiliarbabies?A.Theymaystarttocry.B.Theymaytoucheachother.C.Theymayshowmuchfear.20.Whatmaythestudyleadto?A.Muchmoreparentingtimewithbabies.B.Anincreaseinfamilybaseddaycarecenters.C.Agreaterdemandforexperiencedbabysitters.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ApetingforaTriptoSomaBay,EgyptSomaBayisaperfectplaceforsunnyrelaxation.Ifyoutakeatripthere,youcanalsotakepartinthepetitionweorganize.TheDestinationLappedbytheRedSeaonthreesidesandwithviewsofsandybeachesanddesertmountains,SomaBaycanattractnatureloversmost,Spreadingacrossalmost2,500acres,theEgyptiantouristattractionhasan18holegolfcoursedesignedbyGaryPlayer,agolfingenthusiast,aswellasthelargestThalassospainAfrica.Kiteboarding,divingandhorseridingareallonoffer,too.OfSomaBay’sfiveacmodationoptions,afivestarhotelenjoysafantasticlocationonthehighestpointoftheSomaBaypeninsula.Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouronsiterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeachsidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.Theyareallofferedbythehotel.ThePrizeWiththeofficialpermissionofSomaBay,thewinnercanenjoyafournightstayinaclassicroomatthefivestarhotelonahalfpricebasis.TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).ToEnterAnswerthefollowingquestiononlineatnatgeotv,/uk/petitions:ONWHICHSEAISSOMABAYLOCATED?petitioncloseson31October2023.ThewinnermustbeaUKadultresident,aged18orover.1.Whatdoesthefivestarhoteloffer?A.Gamesonagolfcourse. B.Ticketsforkiteboarding.C.Somethingtoeatanddrink. D.Acmodationonthebeach.2.Whatcanthewinnerget?A.Afreestayintheperfecthotel. B.AreturnairporttransfertotheUK.C.ApossibledirectflightticketfromBristol. D.AfirstclassflightfromtheUKtoHurghada3.Whatdoweknowaboutthepetition?A.Itweleschildren. B.Itcoversmultiplequestions.C.IttargetsatEgyptiancitizens. D.ItendsonthelastdayofOctober.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是爭(zhēng)奪去埃及索馬灣旅游的機(jī)會(huì)而參加的比賽活動(dòng)的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheDestination部分中的“Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouronsiterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeachsidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.(它有一些客房和套房的私人陽(yáng)臺(tái)，以及四個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)餐廳，你可以享受海灘邊的披薩，下午茶，或在高爾夫球場(chǎng)的第18洞停下來(lái)喝點(diǎn)東西。)”可知，該五星級(jí)酒店可以享受海灘邊上的披薩，喝點(diǎn)下午茶，或者在高爾夫球場(chǎng)第18洞喝點(diǎn)東西，由此可知，該五星酒店提供一些吃的喝的東西。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePrize部分中的“TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).(該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)包括從英國(guó)到赫爾格達(dá)國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)艙往返機(jī)票，每人最高價(jià)值650英鎊，可從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛，以及從機(jī)場(chǎng)到索馬灣的往返機(jī)票(不包括英國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī))。)”可知，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢垣@得從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛的機(jī)票。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ToEnter部分中的“petitioncloseson31October2023.(競(jìng)賽將于2023年10月31日結(jié)束。)”可知，比賽在2023年10月31日結(jié)束，由此可知，比賽在10月的最后一天結(jié)束。故選D項(xiàng)。BLarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesinmon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.Hehasbeensharingseasonticketswithhisfriendsforyears.ImustadmitI’vebeenalwaysinvitedtoseethegamestogether.Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandadpieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.Therewasareasonforthejoke.ThelasttimeIinvitedhimtogototheopera,hefellasleepinthetheater.Ihadtoadmititwasalwaysboringforhim,butwhenIgavehimaticketformyfavoriteopera,Ireallythoughthemightenjoyit.Iwokehimup,butsoonhefellasleepagain.WhenLarryfoundIwasjoking,hebreathedasighofreliefontheotherend.Hesaid,“ButIwantyoutogotoseethelastbasketballgamethisautumnwithme.”Ipromisedandplained,“Notagain!”Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.Sometimes,mytelephonemessageswouldbeinterruptedwhenthehometeamscored.Iknewtheyscoredbecauseeveryonejumpedupandexchangedhighfivesandfistbumps.However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!Ididn’tkeepglancingattheclock,countingtheminutesuntilwegotout,Timeflew.ThegamewasoverbeforeIknewit.4.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bylistingdata. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingaconversation.5.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontobasketballgames?A.Puzzled. B.Pleased C.Casual. D.Curious.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hooked”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Addicted. B.Satisfied, C.Bored. D.Disappointed.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtandSport B.FromOperatoBasketballC.CheeringfortheHomeTeam D.DevelopingaPassionforOpera【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講的是作者從一開(kāi)始的喜歡歌劇，對(duì)哥哥喜歡的籃球不感興趣，到后來(lái)決定試一試認(rèn)真觀看比賽，居然被籃球比賽給吸引住了，對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣的故事。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandadpieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.”（今天早上，我打給我哥哥拉里，說(shuō)：“我有一個(gè)好消息和一個(gè)壞消息。你想先聽(tīng)哪個(gè)？“先說(shuō)好消息，”拉里回答?！敖裢砟憧梢栽琰c(diǎn)睡覺(jué)，”我說(shuō)?！昂冒伞Ｄ膫€(gè)是壞的？他問(wèn)?！拔覀円タ锤鑴?！”我大聲笑著回答。）可推知，作者是通過(guò)引用對(duì)話來(lái)展開(kāi)第二段的。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.”（事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，當(dāng)比賽開(kāi)始時(shí)，我都在發(fā)短信或做白日夢(mèng)。）可推知，作者對(duì)籃球比賽的最初反應(yīng)是滿不在乎的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.”（然而，今天，當(dāng)我看到周圍成千上萬(wàn)的人在歡呼，越來(lái)越興奮時(shí)，我決定至少試一試——如果不是為了我自己，也是為了我哥哥。）以及“Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!”（我哥哥看到我參與進(jìn)來(lái)很驚訝。我自己也驚呆了?。┯纱丝芍?，此處為游戲很激烈，我很快就被迷住了。故可猜測(cè)劃線單詞hooked為“迷住”的意思，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Addicted“沉迷的”意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段中“LarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesinmon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.”（拉里和我一直有共同的基本價(jià)值觀，但我們的興趣就像歌劇和籃球一樣相去甚遠(yuǎn)。我熱愛(ài)藝術(shù)，而他是一個(gè)狂熱的體育迷。）可知，提到作者喜歡歌劇。和最后一段中“However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!”（然而，今天，當(dāng)我看到周圍成千上萬(wàn)的人在歡呼，越來(lái)越興奮時(shí)，我決定至少試一試——如果不是為了我自己，也是為了我哥哥。游戲很激烈，我很快就被迷住了。當(dāng)另一支球隊(duì)得分時(shí)，我終于對(duì)我的其他觀眾感到有點(diǎn)失望。我哥哥看到我參與進(jìn)來(lái)很驚訝。我自己也驚呆了！）可知，講的是作者被籃球比賽吸引住了。由此可知，文章主要講的是作者從一開(kāi)始的喜歡歌劇，對(duì)哥哥喜歡的籃球不感興趣，到后來(lái)決定試一試認(rèn)真觀看比賽，居然被籃球比賽給吸引住了，對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣的故事。故文章最好的標(biāo)題是“從歌劇到籃球”。故選B項(xiàng)。CAncientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.Theresearchhasturnedupasurprisinglistofmaterialsthatweremixedintooldbuildings.Theyincludetreebark,volcanicash,riceandbeer.Theseunexpectedmaterialscanhavetheabilitytogetstrongerovertime.Figuringouthowtocopythesefeaturescanhaverealimpactstoday.Whilesomeofourmodernconcretehasthestrengthtoholdupverytallbuildingsandheavystructures,itcannotpetewiththedurabilityoftheseancientmaterials.ManyscientistshaveturnedtotheRomans.Startingaround200BC,theRomanEmpirewasbuildingconcretestructuresthathavestoodthetestoftime.Eveninplaceswhereseawaterhasbeenhittingstructuresforages,youwillfindconcretebasicallythewayitwaswhenitwaspoured2,000yearsago.TheythinktheyhavefoundanimportantreasonwhysomeRomanconcretehasheldupstructuresforthousandsofyears.Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”cracks(裂縫)whentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.Exactlyhowisnotyetclear,butscientistsarestartingtofindthereasons.Today’sbuilderscannotjustcopytheancientprocesses.EventhoughRomanconcretelastedalongtime,itcouldn’tholdupheavybuildings.Instead,researchersaretryingtotakesomeoftheancientmaterialsandaddthemintomodernmixes.Peopledon’tneedtomakethingslastquiteaslongastheRomansdid.Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.8.WhatwerethementionedRomanandChinesebuildingsbothusedfor?A.Travel. B.Defence. C.Soldiertraining. D.Seawatercontrol.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheancientbuildings?A.Longlasting. B.Energyefficient. C.Delicate. D.Flexible.10.Whatsurprisesthescientistsmostabouttheancientbuildingmaterials?A.Theirlargecracks. B.Theirclearconcrete.C.Theirinternalstructures. D.Theirselfrepairingability.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureconcrete?A.Tolerant. B.Expectant. C.Suspicious. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.”（羅馬的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤?，斞殴そ硠?chuàng)造了偉大的雕塑，中國(guó)工匠建造了抵御外敵的城墻。）可推知，羅馬和中國(guó)的建筑都是用來(lái)起到防御作用的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ancientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.”（長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)家一直在研究材料。他們正在拆除建筑物的碎片，閱讀歷史文獻(xiàn)，希望了解它們是如何屹立數(shù)千年的。）可推知，這些古建筑能夠持久的存在。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”crackswhentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.”（這些古老的材料具有一種不尋常的力量，可以在裂縫形成時(shí)自我修復(fù)和“治愈”裂縫，這對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是最令人震驚的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科學(xué)家驚訝的是它們的自我修復(fù)能力。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.”（如果我們將混凝土的壽命延長(zhǎng)50年或100年，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，我們肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的維護(hù)和更少的材料。）可推知，作者對(duì)未來(lái)混凝土的態(tài)度是期待的。故選B項(xiàng)。DAnewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)binepreciseinternalpassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.Testingnonhumanmemorykeepingischallenginginresearchstudies.“It’srarethatthereisagapofseveralyearsbetweenwhenananimalstorestheinformationandwhenitisnextrequiredtogetitback,”saysDoraBiro,azoologistattheUniversityofOxford.Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguespareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflightsontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearchersparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.Somebirdsmissedahandfuloflandmarksalongtheway,butmanyotherstook“strikinglysimilar”routestothosetheyusedin2016,“Itwasasifthelasttimetheyflewtherewasjustthedaybefore,notfouryearsago,”saysOxfordzoologistandstudycoauthorJulienCollet.Theteamfoundthatthepigeonsrememberedaroutejustaswelliftheyfirstflewitaloneorwithothersandperformedmuchbetterthanthosethathadnotmadethejourneyin2016.“Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.12.Whatdoesparagraph1mentionabouthomingpigeons?A.Thetimeofleavinghome. B.Thelocationoftheirbirth.C.Thewaystheynavigatehome. D.Thereasonsfortheirtakingtrips.13.HowdidBiroandhercolleaguesconductthestudy?A.Throughquestionnaires. B.Throughinformationassumptions.C.Throughlabexperimentsonanimals. D.Throughparativeanalysisofdata.14.Whatdidtheresearchersusetogetthepigeons’flightroutesaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Predictionmethod. B.Trackingmethod.C.Expertconsultation. D.Literatureconsultation.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutanimalcognitiveabilitiesfromVernerBingman’swords?A.Theyareunderestimated. B.Theyhavebeendeclining.C.Theyaremuchlowerthanhumans’. D.Theyhaveneverbeenconfirmed.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)信鴿可以通過(guò)自身的方位分辨技術(shù)找到回家的路。解釋了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及意義?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)binepreciseinternalpassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，信鴿結(jié)合了體內(nèi)精確的羅盤和記憶的地標(biāo)，甚至在它們上一次飛行四年后，還能重新找到回家的路)”可知，第一段提到了信鴿回家的方式。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguespareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflightsontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.(在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中，比羅和她的同事們比較了國(guó)內(nèi)信鴿從公里外的農(nóng)場(chǎng)回到家的路線三到四年后的路線。這項(xiàng)研究建立在2016年一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上，在這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，鴿子在幾次飛行中在不同的社會(huì)背景下學(xué)習(xí)路線——單獨(dú)飛行或與不認(rèn)識(shí)路的同伴一起飛行)”可知，比羅和她的同事通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的比較分析進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearchersparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.(研究人員利用臨時(shí)安裝在鴿子背上的GPS設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)，將一群鴿子在2016年的飛行路線與2019年或2020年的許多相同路線進(jìn)行了比較，其間鳥兒沒(méi)有訪問(wèn)釋放地點(diǎn))”可知，研究人員通過(guò)跟蹤法來(lái)得到鴿子的飛行路線。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.(“這個(gè)結(jié)果并不令人驚訝，但它為信鴿非凡的記憶力提供了新的證據(jù)。它拉近了我們過(guò)于自信的人類認(rèn)知能力和動(dòng)物能力之間的距離，”弗納·賓曼說(shuō)，他在州立鮑靈格林大學(xué)研究動(dòng)物導(dǎo)航，但沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究)”可推知，VernerBingman的話表明動(dòng)物認(rèn)知能力被低估了。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.___16___Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).___17___Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.___18___Itistheirlastingimpactthatmakesitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletask.Inthisway,theygreatlyreduceourworkefficiency.Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動(dòng))atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.___19___Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.___20___Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouanticipate,Thesamegoesforthatcatchynewsheadlineoraninterestingsocialmediapostthatcatchesyoureyepullingyouawayfromyourtaskandmakingyoulostintheseaofdistractions.A.Butitisdoubleedged.B.Somedistractionscanbeavoided.C.Statisticsrevealhowmonthisissueis.D.They’realsopersistentandendlessingettingourattention.E.Thesoundofitisloudenoughtointerruptyourconcentration.F.Stimulatingourinterestandincreasingthespeedofourworkareimportant.G.Thismakesmaintainingfocusinthenoisyworldaneverincreasingchallenge.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了我們受到外界干擾的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.(我們有幸接觸到動(dòng)態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，它為我們學(xué)習(xí)、聯(lián)系和娛樂(lè)提供了豐富的資源)”以及后文“Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).(同樣的工具可以提高我們的工作效率，也有能力讓我們陷入分心的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的有利有弊。故A選項(xiàng)“但這是一把雙刃劍”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.(平均而言，84.4%的人在工作中分心，這一比例令人震驚。有一些常見(jiàn)的疑點(diǎn)。電子郵件搶走了26%的人的注意力。和短信影響了43%的人。同事轉(zhuǎn)移了27%的注意力。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以其無(wú)限的信息和娛樂(lè)來(lái)源，分散了我們41%的注意力。此外，一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，高達(dá)67%的員工表示，他們的工作經(jīng)常受到花在會(huì)議和上的過(guò)多時(shí)間的影響)”可知，本段主要通過(guò)具體的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了員工容易被網(wǎng)絡(luò)分心。故C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)揭示了這個(gè)問(wèn)題有多普遍”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.(這些干擾不僅僅是煩惱)”可知，本句承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明干擾的其他消極影響。故D選項(xiàng)“它們還會(huì)持續(xù)不斷地吸引我們的注意力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動(dòng))atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.(一項(xiàng)研究為我們與分心的斗爭(zhēng)提供了更多的見(jiàn)解。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的腦電波以不同的頻率脈動(dòng)，這取決于外部刺激的類型。對(duì)于自動(dòng)刺激，節(jié)奏更快，但對(duì)于我們有意識(shí)地選擇關(guān)注的任務(wù)，節(jié)奏會(huì)減慢)”可知，上文提到了自動(dòng)刺激會(huì)讓我們節(jié)奏減慢，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文說(shuō)明其帶來(lái)的影響：使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個(gè)越來(lái)越大的挑戰(zhàn)。故G選項(xiàng)“這使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個(gè)越來(lái)越大的挑戰(zhàn)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.(試想一下：你正在參與一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，然后你的收到一條短信)”可知，上文提到收到了一條短信，故本句應(yīng)說(shuō)明短信給你帶來(lái)的影響：打斷你的注意力。故E選項(xiàng)“它的聲音大到足以打斷你的注意力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.Theywereso___21___aboutitthattheydecidedtocreateaprogramto___22___theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein___23___forfree.Later,theFoodRecoveryNetwork(FRN)___24___.Surprisingly,itsdevelopmentwas___25___.Uptonow,FRNhas___26___tobeeanationwideorganizationwithmany___27___incollegesanduniversitiesaroundtheUS,includingoneattheUniversityofMaryland.Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood___28___.Inresponsetoit,aproposalforamunityfoodsystemplanhasbeen___29___bythecity’sgovernment.Theplanisaimedtooffersafe___30___toallresidents.ThechapterofFRNattheUniversityofMarylandworksto___31___theattempts.Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing___32___.Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto___33___theleftfoodfromthecampus,Thenthefoodis___34___anddistributedtothemunitiesalloverthestatebycategory.“Our___35___isrespondingpositively,”onestudentsays.“Whatwedon’twantishavingtoomuchfoodinthekitchen.”Thestudentsdomakea___36___,andtheyevensupplythe___37___mealstothepeopleoutsidethecity.Besides,whattheyhavedoneis___38___totheenvironment.ThankstoFRN,theyhavesuccessfully___39___thereleaseoftonsofcarbondioxidethroughreducingwaste.Theworkdoesachievea(n)___40___effect—notonlysolvingtheproblemoffeedingsomepeople,butalsobenefitingtheecologicalenvironment.21.A.relaxed B.delighted C.concerned D.confused22.A.label B.replace C.waste D.redistribute23.A.need B.love C.decline D.check24.A.cameback B.camedown C.cameintobeing D.cametoanend25.A.promising B.challenging C.limited D.outdated26.A.agreed B.prepared C.regretted D.grown27.A.donations B.meals C.chapters D.teachers28.A.supply B.insecurity C.recognition D.disappearance29A.doubted B.rejected C.postponed D.submitted30.A.medicine B.shelter C.food D.trip31.A.aid B.assess C.identify D.investigate32.A.temporarily B.smoothly C.randomly D.toughly33.A.collect B.eat C.order D.sell34A.priced B.sorted C.tasted D.cast35.A.bank B.home C.pany D.school36.A.living B.difference C.fortune D.profit37.A.extra B.dirty C.purchased D.expensive38.A.blind B.harmful C.adaptable D.friendly39.A.allowed B.promoted C.decreased D.received40.A.side B.double C.opposite D.individual【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.A26.D27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.B35.D36.B37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馬里蘭大學(xué)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)校園里大量食物被浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象后，創(chuàng)建了食物回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一項(xiàng)目。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關(guān)心這個(gè)問(wèn)題，于是決定創(chuàng)建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費(fèi)送給他們。A.relaxed輕松的；B.delighted高興的；C.concerned關(guān)心的；D.confused疑惑的。前文提到“In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.”（2011年，馬里蘭大學(xué)的一些學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)校園里有大量食物被浪費(fèi)。），可知看到食物被浪費(fèi)應(yīng)該感到非常痛心非常擔(dān)憂。故選C。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關(guān)心這個(gè)問(wèn)題，于是決定創(chuàng)建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費(fèi)送給他們。A.label貼標(biāo)簽；B.replace替換；C.waste浪費(fèi)；D.redistribute重新分配。后文提到“theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein3forfree.”（將多余的食物免費(fèi)分給有需要的人）由此判斷，這些“浪費(fèi)了的，多余的”食物應(yīng)該需要重新分配一下才能夠分發(fā)給有需要的人。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關(guān)心這個(gè)問(wèn)題，于是決定創(chuàng)建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費(fèi)送給他們。A.need需要；B.love愛(ài)；C.decline減少；D.check檢查。根據(jù)“forfree”（免費(fèi)）可知，這些重新分配的食物應(yīng)該是免費(fèi)送給有需要的人。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：后來(lái)，食品回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)(FRN)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。A.cameback回來(lái)；B.camedown下來(lái)；減輕；C.cameintobeing形成；D.cametoanend結(jié)束。前文提到“theydecidedtocreateaprogram”（于是決定創(chuàng)建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目）由此判斷，正是因?yàn)榭吹搅耸程美锸澄锏睦速M(fèi)，所以食品回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)才因此產(chǎn)生。故選C。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，它的發(fā)展充滿希望。A.promising有前途的；B.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)的；C.limited有限制的；D.outdated陳舊的。根據(jù)“surprisingly”（令人驚訝的是）以及后文中“beeanationwideorganization”（成為了一個(gè)全國(guó)性的組織）可知，食品回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該是非常有前景的。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，F(xiàn)RN已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全國(guó)性的組織，在美國(guó)各地的學(xué)院和大學(xué)都有許多分會(huì)，其中包括馬里蘭大學(xué)的一個(gè)分會(huì)。A.agreed同意；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備；C.regretted后悔；D.grown發(fā)展。后文提到“beeanationwideorganization”（發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全國(guó)性的組織），說(shuō)明這個(gè)組織一