Unit+4+Discover+useful+structures+課件-【知識(shí)精講精研】高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructures作表語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)6.Herdutyistakingcareofthebabies.2.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.3.Hearingthenews,hecouldn'thelplaughing.4.Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.作主語(yǔ)1.Beingexposedtosunlightharmsyourskin.5.Youshouldpractiseplaying

thepianoeveryday.指出下列句中的v-ing充當(dāng)什么成分。作賓語(yǔ)Subject1Object2Predicative3Attribute4Adverbial5Objectcomplement61.Reviewoftheusageofthe–ingform.V-ing時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般

完成否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+doing/not+havingdoneRevision2.Tellthefunctionofthe–ingformineachsentence.InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhen

talkingtoanolderperson.(Para2)

Someonewhowitnessesanotherperson

employingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(Para3)

InFrance,aperson

encountering

anidenticalgesturemayinterpretitas

meaningzero.(Para3)

Inmanycountries,

shaking

one’sheadmeans“no”,and

noddingmeans“yes”.(Para4)

Perhapsthebestexampleis

smiling.(Para6)

AdverbialObjectcomplementAttributeSubjectPredicativeObjectSubject1.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.2.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.3.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands，bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.4.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.5.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.回顧課文原句。以上句子中，v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的有：

；作表語(yǔ)的有：________。2,31,4,5Analysis1.The–ingformusedasObject.(1)Asobjectofprepositions

介詞后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)?！皠?dòng)詞(＋名詞/副詞)＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)、“名詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)、“形容詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Heobjectedtochanginghisjob.他反對(duì)換工作。There'sstillnohopeofwinningthegame.仍然沒(méi)有贏得比賽的希望。注：以下“動(dòng)詞(＋名詞/形容詞/副詞)＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，其后如果出現(xiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，只能用動(dòng)名詞，其中的to皆為介詞，而不是不定式符號(hào)。如：admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote...to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto，leadto,payattentionto等。(2)Asobjectofverbs常接動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：喜歡考慮要想象

(enjoy,consider,imagine/fancy)介意冒險(xiǎn)可避免

(mind,risk,avoid)允許承認(rèn)不喜歡

(allow,admit,dislike)欣賞錯(cuò)過(guò)可理解

(appreciate,miss,understand)主張完成不拖延

(advocate,finish,delay/postpone)建議堅(jiān)持勤練習(xí)

(suggest/advise/recommend,keep,practice)反對(duì)逃避不放棄

(oppose/resist,escape,quit)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開(kāi)窗子嗎？Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。(3)Asobjectofverbphrases常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：insiston，begoodat,befondof,keenon,putoff,giveup,feellike，beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim？今天很熱。你愿意去游泳嗎？(4)BothV-ing

andtodoasobjectafteraverb.①在有些動(dòng)詞的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)。②在love，hate，prefer，like等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)指經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)指具體的動(dòng)作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨時(shí)他寧愿待在家里。(用動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示今天下午留在家里這一具體的動(dòng)作。)Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問(wèn)好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。③有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟不定式和動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但含義不同。常見(jiàn)的有：forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘記去做某事(未做)regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾/后悔(已做)regrettodosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾(未做)trydoingsth.試著做某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另外一件事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事(已做)remembertodosth.記著去做某事(未做)meandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.打算做某事④need,require,want,demand,request,deserve作“需要”解時(shí)，后面接-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式，意義上并無(wú)差別，即：

(sth.)need/want/require/deserve/request/demanddoing=tobedone某物需要被做Yourcompositionneedscorrecting/

tobecorrected.

你的作文需要修改。Hiscoatwantscleaning

/tobecleaned.

他的衣服需要清洗。Thecomputerneedsrepairing/toberepaired.

這臺(tái)電腦需要維修。2.The–ingformusedasPredicative.（1）表語(yǔ):系動(dòng)詞之后的句子成分稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)，一起常稱(chēng)“系表結(jié)構(gòu)”。存在系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞，意為“是...”感官系動(dòng)詞：feel/sound/taste/smell

摸起來(lái)/聽(tīng)上去/嘗起來(lái)/聞起來(lái)表象系動(dòng)詞：appear/look/seem

看起來(lái)變化系動(dòng)詞：get/go/grow/turn/become變得持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：keep/remain

仍然作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞－ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征等。作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的。常見(jiàn)的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等，這類(lèi)分詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾物。注：不定式和動(dòng)詞－ed形式也可作表語(yǔ)，但不定式通常強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞－ed形式則表示被動(dòng)、完成含義，或者是表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。ThenewsthatyouwillcometoChinathissummervacationisexciting.這個(gè)暑假你要來(lái)中國(guó)的消息是令人興奮的。(3)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，一般說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。

Myjobisteaching

geography.=Teaching

geography

ismyjob.

我的工作是教地理。

WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.

我最討厭的是被人嘲笑。現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)在形式上沒(méi)有任何區(qū)別，但是在功能和意義上有較大差異：

現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的________，回答how的問(wèn)題；

動(dòng)名詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的_______，回答what的問(wèn)題；

動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,因此可以和主語(yǔ)_________；而現(xiàn)在分詞則_________作主語(yǔ)。特性內(nèi)容互換位置不可以SummaryThe-ingformaspredicative:1.很抱歉我沒(méi)有按時(shí)交作業(yè)。Iamsorryfor____________(handle)myhomeworkontime.2.弗雷迪和他的樂(lè)隊(duì)走到哪里都會(huì)有人跟隨。

Freddyandhisbandcouldnotgooutanywherewithout___________(follow).3.我不知道他竟然會(huì)干出這種事情與你對(duì)抗。

Ihavenoideaofhis___________(do)suchathingagainstyou.4.許多消費(fèi)者抱怨那家商店缺斤少兩。Manycustomerscomplainof___________________(give)shortweightatthatshop.nothandlinghavingbeengivenbeingfollowedhavingdoneThe-ingform形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式完成式(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)doing(not)havingbeendone（二）doing的被動(dòng)The-ingform在少數(shù)表“需要”的動(dòng)詞(如want,need,require,deserve,desire等)后表示被動(dòng)意義。1.Thecarpetreallywants_________(clean).2.Theroadneeds_________(repair).3.Herplandeserves___________(consider).4.Theplantsrequire_________(water)everyday.特別注意：sthneed/require/deserve/want/desire+doing=sthneed/require/deserve/want/desire+tobedonecleaningrepairingconsideringwatering二:doing的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)Summary:V-ingusedasobjectandpredictiveamuse teach breakdown callon bow getthrough assess1.Bill’sjobis________signlanguage.2.Thethemeofhispresentationis_____________barriersbetweengroups.3.By_______,wemean“bendingourheadorbodyforwardasasignofrespectorshame”.4._____________threekilometresofheavytraffictookmealmost25minutes.5.Weintendedtovisitthethemeparkbutendedup

_________ProfessorZhang.teachingbreakingdownbowingGettingthroughcallingon1.Completethesentencesusingthe-ingformofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.Twoareextra.Thenstatetheirfunctions.predicativepredicativeobjectsubjectadverbialPractice2.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.Canyouaddmoreexamplestoexplainhowyoureadbodylanguage?lie challengeconsiderindividualdifferencesmaintainconsiderthewholepictureevaluateapatient’sconditionReadingbodylanguageisnotaneasytask.Itcanbe__________becauseinterpretingthesignsthatanothershowsrequires____________________________.Inthissense,itcanbecomparedtoadoctor___________________________.______________________________isalsokeytoreadingpeople’sbodylanguageaccurately.Forexample,when______,somepeopleavoideyecontact.Bycontrast,othersmay________eyecontactevenlongerthanusual.challengingconsideringthewholepictureevaluatingapatient’sconditionConsideringindividualdifferenceslyingmaintain1.___________(read)aloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.2.___________(judge)fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.3.___________________(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.4.Tellthechildren__________(play)outsidenottomakenoise.5.Yourtaskis__________(clean)thewindows.6.Shecaughtherson__________(smoke)acigarette.7.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_________(go)away.8.WhatIhatemostis_________________(laugh)at.JudgingHavingbeentoldplayingcleaningsmokinggoingReadingV-ingformbeinglaughed1.Whatweshoulddoatpresentis

(study)hardtomakepreparationsforthefuture.2.Thegirlissoproudthatshecan'tstand

(look)downupon.3.Thegirldreamsofthere

(be)achancetogoabroadforeducation.4.Afteralongtalk，theboyadmitted

(cheat)inthelastexam.5.Theyareconsidering

(go)toHainanforthesummerholiday.1.Filltheblankswiththerightformsofthegivenwords.studyingbeinglookedbeingcheating/havingcheatedgoing1.Manypeoplehavesuggested

toprotectanimalrights.很多人都建議制定更多規(guī)則以保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益。2.Itisdifficulttoimagine

withoutanyconsideration.很難想象他會(huì)不假思索就接受了這個(gè)決定。3.WhatIhatemost

.我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。4.Wearebusy

.我們正忙著為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。5.I

youthatyourmotherisbadlyill.我很遺憾地告訴你你母親病得很重。2.Completethesentences.settingupmoreruleshisacceptingthedecisionisbeinglaughedat(in)preparingforthecomingexamregrettotellHomework1.PreparePart4totalkaboutbodylanguagefromthepictures.2.FinishexercisesonPage83(workbook)3.GetfamiliarwiththeusageofV-ingform.Itwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone______________(build)thenewhospital.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________(correct)them.Thoughitsoundsabittooexpensive,itisworth______________(buy).Sheisverybusy________(write)herpapers.Sheisfartoobusy_________(receive)callers.Onceyouareaddictedto________(smoke),youmayfinditdifficultforyoutoquit.Somethingiswrongwiththecomputeranditrequires_________________(repair).

Iappreciatehis_________(devote)himselftothecauseofagriculture.Shecan’tstand__________(keep)waiting.Healwaysimagine________(find)awalletonthesidewalk.Thelittleboyslippedintotheclassroomwithout__________(notice)bytheteacher.TonyBlairhadstoodfastin___________(back)theUSinitswaragainstterrorism.Peterisangryabout________________(notinvite)totheparty.TheblackpeopleintheUSareopposedto_____________(treat)unfairly.PracticeTask1Traingamebuildingbeingtreatednotbeinginvitedbackingfindingkeepingwritingdevotingrepairing/toberepairedtoreceivebuyingcorrectingbeingnoticedsmokingPracticeTask2Use–ingformtocompletethefollowingsentences.1.我不記得他給過(guò)我這本書(shū)。

Idon’tremember_________________________.2.比爾建議召開(kāi)一個(gè)會(huì)議，討論假期期間為貧困的人做些什么。

Billsuggested____________________________