四川省成都市成華區(qū)某校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語試題

20232024學(xué)年度(上)階段性考試(二)高2021級英語(考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomando?A.Wipethetable.B.Washthedishes.C.Cleanthefloor.2.Howoftenarethemeetingsheld?A.Onceaday.B.Onceaweek.C.Onceamonth.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisgoingblind.B.Helikesdarkness.C.Hecan’tbearthestronglight.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onamountain.B.Inagym.C.Atthespeakers’home.5.Whatdidthemanthinkofthegarden?A.Itwasbeautiful.B.Itwascrowded.C.Itwasinspiring.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.HowwillthewomangivetheluckymoneytoWilliam?A.ByWeChatPay.B.Bybanktransfer.C.Incash.7.WhatwillWilliamprobablydoduringtheholiday?A.Attendclasses.B.Joinhisfamilyfordinner.C.Traveltohisgrandparents’house.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。8.Whydoesthewomanthinkyoungpeoplepreferpublictransportation?A.Decreaseinine.B.Difficultyofparking.C.Convenienceofpublictransportation.9.Whydoesthewomanlikecars?A.Theyrunfast.B.Theyarecheap.C.Theycangoanywhere.10.Whendidthemangetridofhisvehicle?A.Ayearago.B.Halfayearago.C.Onemonthago.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。11WhydoesLisawantthenewjob?A.Itpaysmoremoney.B.Itoffershercareerpromotion.C.Itwillbeeasyasshe’sdoneitbefore.12.HowdidLisafindoutaboutthejob?A.Fromacoworker.B.Fromanadvertisement.C.Fromsomeoneworkingthere.13.HowmanychildrendoesLisahave?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.聽下面一段對話，回答第14和第17四個小題。14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Suggestionsaboutadoptingapet.B.Waysoflearningtolookafteradog.C.Jobapplicationstoananimalshelter.15Whatdoesthewomanlikebestaboutworkingatashelter?A.Cleaningthecages.B.Gettingalongwithpets.C.Interactingwithothervolunteers.16.Whatdoesthewomanregretabouthervolunteeringwork?A.Thelackofpay.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Theinabilitytoadoptallthepets.17.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Buyadog.B.Talktohisroommate.C.Contactashelternearhim.聽下面一段對話，回答第18至第20三個小題。18.Whatmadesweetfoodsspecialinancientcivilizations?A.Theywerehardtomake.B.Theywerethesafestfoods.C.Theywereonlyforimportantpersons.19.Whenwasthecupcakeinvented?A.Inthe1800s.B.Inthe1300s.C.Inthe1200s.20.Whydidittakesolongformorerecipestobepublished?A.Thematerialsweretooexpensive.B.Peopleperfecteddessertsearlyon.C.Moredemandforsugarwasneeded.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡將該項涂黑。AIt’seasytoassumethatavacationtoBaliwillcostasmallfortune.Thereareplentyofacmodations,foodandlocaltransportation,andeventhespasoffermassagesandtreatmentsatvalueprices.However,youcaneasilyspendaweekortwoinBaliforunder$2,000,withouthavingtosleeponthebeach.HereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenplanningBalionabudget.WhatisthebesttimetovisitBalionabudget?Ifyou’reonabudget,considervisitingBaliduringthelower,wetterseason,whichrunsfromOctoberthroughMarch.Thecrowdswillbefewer,andbothhotelratesandflightsfromabroadareoftencheaper,exceptduringtheholidayperiodbetweenmidDecemberandearlyJanuary,whencrowdsswell.Theonlytradeoffforthelowerpricesisthewetseason.Thistimeofyearisn’talwaysidealforsunbathing,andseriousrainfallcanmakeoutdooractivities,suchaswhitewaterraftingandvisitingwaterfallsandriceterraces,lessthanappealing.Thatsaid,evenduringrainyseason,itdoesn’tusuallyrainalldaylong.Expectburstsofsunshinebetweenthestorms.WhatisthecheapestwaytogetaroundBali?TheabsolutecheapestwaytogetaroundBaliisbylocalbus,butitcantakealongtime.Therearealsotouristbuses,includinghopon,hopoffoptions,thattravelbetweendifferenthubsacrosstheisland.Baliiswellservedbytaxis,bothofthecarandmotorbikevariety,andthepricestendtobeaffordablebyinternationalstandards.MostdriverswillofferyouafixedrateforfulldayhiresortogetfrompointAtopointB,ratherthanusingameter.Remembertobargain;doingsoisparticularlyeasywhenadriverisonhisownratherthanatataxistand.HowmuchdoesfoodcostinBali?Ifyou’reintofinedining,youcanendupspendingalargechunkofyourbudgetonfood.EatingattheaveragerestaurantgearedtowardstouristsisthebestwaytohaveamealinBalionabudget.Agoodmealshouldcostyouaround100,000rupiah(around$7),butifyou’rewillingtosubsistmostlyoffoflocalspecialtiessuchasnasigoreng(friedrice)andeatatlocalrestaurants,youcanexpecttopayaround30,000rupiah($2)togetfed.Bestofall,mosthotelsandguesthousesinBaliewithfreebreakfast,andmanyofferheavieroptionsofnoodlesandmeatthatmaykeepyoufulluntillunch.1.Whichofthefollowingsituationcanbebestdescribedbytheunderlinedwordtradeoffinparagraph2?A.Jackgotarewardafterhereturnedthelostbagtoitsowner.B.Lilyspentmuchmoneybuyingsomehandicraftsatthelocalfair.C.Wendycancelledhertripinordertopreventthespreadofthevirus.D.Samwasscoldedbyhisparentsforwhathedidinschoollastnight.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.It’sbetterforoutdoorenthusiaststovisitBaliduringtheoffseason.B.Passengershadbetterfixthepricewithdriversbeforethetaxipullsoutfromthestation.C.Ifonatightbudget,oneisadvisedtovisitBaliattheendofDecembereveryyear.D.It’srelativelyeconomicaltoeatmerelyataveragerestaurantstailoredtovisitors.3.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A.CityandTransport. B.TravelandRecreation.C.NatureandEnvironment. D.FoodandHealth.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個去巴厘島度假省錢的辦法。【1題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Thistimeofyearisn’talwaysidealforsunbathing,andseriousrainfallcanmakeoutdooractivities,suchaswhitewaterraftingandvisitingwaterfallsandriceterraces,lessthanappealing.(每年的這個時候并不總是日光浴的理想時間，而且嚴重的降雨會使戶外活動，如漂流、參觀瀑布和梯田，沒有吸引力)”可知，價格下降的原因是雨季這一代價。劃線詞意為“代價”。故C選項“為了防止病毒的傳播，溫迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述畫線詞，溫迪以失去旅行為代價，換取防止病毒傳播。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“EatingattheaveragerestaurantgearedtowardstouristsisthebestwaytohaveamealinBalionabudget.(要想在巴厘島省錢，在一家面向游客的普通餐廳吃飯是最好的辦法)”結(jié)合選項可知，在為游客量身定制的普通餐廳吃飯相對經(jīng)濟省錢。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’seasytoassumethatavacationtoBaliwillcostasmallfortune.Thereareplentyofacmodations,foodandlocaltransportation,andeventhespasoffermassagesandtreatmentsatvalueprices.However,youcaneasilyspendaweekortwoinBaliforunder$2,000,withouthavingtosleeponthebeach.HereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenplanningBalionabudget.(人們很容易認為去巴厘島度假會花一大筆錢。這里有充足的住宿，食物和當(dāng)?shù)亟煌?，甚至水療中心提供合理價位的按摩和治療。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘島度過一兩個星期，甚至不用在海灘上睡覺。以下是在規(guī)劃巴厘島預(yù)算時需要考慮的一些事情)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了三個去巴厘島度假省錢的辦法?？赏浦?，你最可能在雜志的“旅游和娛樂”專欄里找到這篇文章。故選B。BFormostoftheyear,EmbletonBayisalmostdeserted,amagicalcurveofsandonedgeoftheworld.ThisiswherethepupilsofEmbletonPrimarySchool,abeachschool,averyFriday——tolearn.NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.Nicolaexplainstherearehugebenefitstogivingchildrentheopportunitytojust“be”.Watchingthewaves,lyingonthesandfeelingthewindandsunontheirfaces,orrollingdownsanddunesareallanessentialpartofthebeachschoolexperience,enablingchildren,toexplore,testtheirownlimitsandunderstandtheirplaceintheirenvironment.Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.Duringlockdown,thestudentsenjoyedavirtualonlinelecturewiththeRockPoolProject,asocialgroupthatencouragespeopleofallagestodiscovermarinelife.Duringthewintermonths,sandblowsinripplesacrossthebeachunderthebitingnorthwinds.Howdothechildrencopewiththedifficultweather?Nicolasaystheyliketogetthekidsoutonthebeachinallweather.Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceoftheschoolgatesbuttheonekilometredownthehillandanotheronebackupstillproveschallengingforlittlelegs.Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.EmbletonPrimarySchoolisdemonstratinghowsuccessfuloutdoorlearningcanbe.CanmoreschoolmodifyThecurriculumtoincluderegulartimeoutsidefortheirstudents?4.Howdoestheschoolcarryoutoutdoorlearning?A.Bygivinglecturesregularly.B.Byintegratingdiverseapproaches.C.Byinspiringstudentstowritemore.D.Bycenteringonenvironmentalissues.5.Whatdoteachersdointoughwinterdays?A.Shortenbeachhours. B.Adjuststudentactivities.C.Postponeoutdoorevents. D.Changeteachingobjectives.6.Howdoestheauthorfindthebeachlessons?A.Fullyresearched. B.Widelyprovided.C.Confidenceboosting. D.Characterbuilding.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StartfromBeach B.LivewithSealifeC.EnjoyBeachActivities D.ReformFutureEducation【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹Embleton小學(xué)的戶外學(xué)習(xí)，海灘教育?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.(該校校長尼古拉·特雷福(NicolaThrelfall)表示，為了實現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，教師們采用了多種教學(xué)方法，從更傳統(tǒng)的書面作業(yè)到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵蓋了多種主題。)”第三段第一句“Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.(有時環(huán)境本身也能創(chuàng)造奇跡)”以及第四段第一句“Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.(在吸引兒童和培養(yǎng)對海灘的興趣方面，也提供了在線資源)”可知，開展戶外學(xué)習(xí)時，學(xué)校老師采用了不同教學(xué)方法實現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，利用環(huán)境自身及網(wǎng)上資源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.(如果下雨，它們會去鳥窩；天冷的時候，孩子們通過做更多的體育活動來暖身。天氣暖和的時候，他們會坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根據(jù)天氣狀況，調(diào)整學(xué)生活動，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.(尼古拉證實，孩子們的耐力和體能水平的顯著提高是主要優(yōu)勢之一)”可知作者覺得海灘課程是品格塑造的體現(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通覽全文內(nèi)容，多次出現(xiàn)beach，可知本文緊緊圍繞“beachlearning”展開，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A為正確答案，能夠概括本文的大意，適合作為文章標(biāo)題，即從海灘出發(fā)，進行教育，故選A。CThesurfaceofMarsisetchedwithancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.Today,Marsistoocoldformuch,ifany,liquidwatertoexist.And3.8billionyearsago,whentheflowingwaterformed,thesunwasfainterthanitistoday,makingitevenhardertoimagineawarmMartianclimate.That’swhymanyresearchersthinkMarsmayhavegoneinandoutofdeepfreezes.SomeresearchershavesuggestedthatearlyMarsonlythawedoutwhenlargeasteroidimpactsorvolcaniceruptionstemporarilywarmedtheplanet.ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyonsthatexistonMars.Now,Kastingandhiscolleagueshaveeupwithanalternativeexplanation.TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecycles.Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.However,warmtemperaturesandabundantwaterwouldalsohavespedupcertainchemicalreactionsthatconsumedcarbondioxide,reducingthegreenhouseeffectandcoolingtheplanetbackdownagain.Thenthecyclewouldrepeat.KastingsharedhistheorywithotherastronomersattheDecembermeetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninSanFrancisco,andinthejournalEarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters.Sofar,Kasting’steamhasonlyshownthatsuchanexplanationispossible,accordingtoclimatemodels.Buttheresearcherssayfieldtripscouldhelptesttheideabylookingforevidenceofmultiplewarmevents,andtheirdurations.8.WhatmaderesearchersbelievethatliquidwateronceexistedonMars?A.ThesurfaceofMarsiswithliquidwater.B.Thetemperaturesofthesun.C.ThegeologicalfeaturesofMars.D.Thefaintnessofthesun.9.WhatisKasting’stheorybasedon?A.LargeasteroidshadnoimpactonMars.B.Deepvalleyscouldn’tbeformedinashortperiodoftime.C.VolcaniceruptionswereveryfrequentonMars.D.Carbondioxideandhydrogenwereabundantintheatmosphere.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheclimatecycles?A.Carbondioxideandhydrogenwouldnotbechanged.B.Thegreenhousegasesplayedanimportantroleinthiscycle.C.Theclimatecycleswouldexperiencethreetimesintotal.D.Hotenvironmentandalargeamountofwaterwouldacceleratecertainchemicalreactionstogeneratecarbondioxide.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMarsB.LargeAsteroidImpactsontheRedPlanetC.LiquidWaterExistingonMarsD.AncientRiverValleysHaveBeenFoundonMars【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文?；鹦巧显?jīng)有液態(tài)水，這是怎么形成的呢？科學(xué)家們提出了新的理論?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThesurfaceofMarsisetchedwithancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.(火星表面蝕刻著古老的河谷和湖泊盆地。一些研究人員認為液態(tài)水曾經(jīng)在這顆紅色星球上流動)”可知，火星表面有著古老的河谷和湖泊盆地，這些地質(zhì)特征使得研究人員認為液態(tài)水曾經(jīng)在火星上存在。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyonsthatexistonMars.(但是賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家Kasting認為，這種突然事件打開的溫暖窗口期太短暫了，無法蝕刻出火星上存在的巨大峽谷)”可知，賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家卡薩丁認這種突然事件打開的溫暖窗口期太短暫了，無法形成火星上存在的巨大峽谷。由此推知，卡薩丁的理論是建立在深谷不可能在短時間內(nèi)形成的理論上的。故選B項。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theideagoeslikethis：WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.(這個想法是這樣的：當(dāng)火星寒冷凍結(jié)時，火山繼續(xù)向大氣中噴射二氧化碳和氫氣等溫室氣體。在那里，氣層捕獲熱量并使行星升溫，直到液態(tài)水開始流動，形成了火星的河流和湖泊)”可知，溫室氣體在這個循環(huán)中起了重要作用。故選B項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段“TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecyclescausedbychangesinthestrengthofthegreenhouseeffect.(他們認為火星可能經(jīng)歷了一系列由溫室效應(yīng)強度變化引起的氣候周期)”和第三段“Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.(這個想法是這樣的：當(dāng)火星寒冷凍結(jié)時，火山繼續(xù)向大氣中噴射二氧化碳和氫氣等溫室氣體。在那里，氣層捕獲熱量并使行星升溫，直到液態(tài)水開始流動，形成了火星的河流和湖泊)”可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家提出的關(guān)于火星上的河谷和湖泊盆地形成原因的最新理論，研究指出可能是氣候的變化周期造就了如今火星上可觀測到的峽谷和河床等地理特征。由此可知，“ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMars(氣候周期可能在火星上雕刻了峽谷)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項。DPersonalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicinewhichtypicallyoffersblanketremendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheybambutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesthatweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics,andtheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing(排序);tissueengineering,cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring,researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer,JudyPerkins.Theteam,ledbyStevenRosenberg,animmune(免疫的)treatmentpioneer,hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethesuddenchange.Theteamalsoremovedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoycarslater.Perkins,aretiredengineerfromFlorida,showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,”Kurzrocksaid.“Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.NeverAndthenin2003,neverwasover.”IttooktheHumanGeneProject13years,roughlyonebilliondollars,andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequenceonegeneplex.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology,binedwithadvancedcellanalysis,clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.12Whatcanweknowaboutpersonalizedmedicine?A.Ithasemergedadecadebefore.B.Itoffersblanketremendations.C.Itusesgeneticinformationtohelppatients.D.Itadministerstreatmentintendedformostpeople.13.Whichbestdescribesthoseprecisiontools?A.Promising. B.Highlyrisky. C.Fruitless. D.Strictlyconfidential.14.WhathappenedintheprocessoftreatingJudyPerkins'breastcancer?A.Sequencingherimmunecells.B.ReprogramminghercancercellsC.Analysisofherlifestylechanges.D.Identificationofcancerfightingcells.15.What'sthelastparagraphmainlytalkingaboutconcerningsequencing?A.Itswideapplications. B.Itsrecentadvances.C.Itsmajordisadvantages. D.Itsattractiveprospects.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了個性化醫(yī)療改變了傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)，它利用遺傳信息來幫助病人?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,”Kurzrocksaid.“Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.NeverAndthenin2003,neverwasover.””（30年前，科學(xué)家們認為不可能理解我們的遺傳規(guī)則，也不可能對我們DNA中的32億對不同元素進行測序?！熬拖衲阍谥v童話，”庫爾茲洛克說。“傳統(tǒng)觀點認為這永遠不會發(fā)生。永遠不會。然后在2003年，永遠不會結(jié)束）可推知，個性化醫(yī)療它利用遺傳信息來幫助病人。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing(排序);tissueengineering,cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.”（在世界各地，研究人員正在創(chuàng)造十年前難以想象的精密工具:超高速DNA測序;組織工程、細胞重編程、基因編輯等等?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)很快就能在你生病前幾年預(yù)測你患癌癥、心臟病和無數(shù)其他疾病的風(fēng)險。這項工作還為改變基因以消除某些疾病提供了前景。）可推知，這些精密工具是有希望的。故選A項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theteam,ledbyStevenRosenberg,animmune(免疫的)treatmentpioneer,hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethesuddenchange.Theteamalsoremovedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.”（由免疫治療先驅(qū)史蒂文·羅森伯格(StevenRosenberg)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組對她的癌細胞DNA進行了測序，以分析這種突然的變化。研究小組還提取了一些免疫細胞樣本，并對它們進行了測試，看看哪些細胞能識別她的癌細胞的基因缺陷。）可知，在治療朱迪·珀金斯的乳腺癌的過程中對抗癌細胞的識別進行了測試。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“IttooktheHumanGeneProject13years,roughlyonebilliondollars,andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequenceonegeneplex.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology,binedwithadvancedcellanalysis,clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.”（人類基因計劃花了13年時間，大約10億美元，來自6個國家的科學(xué)家對一個基因復(fù)合體進行了測序。如今測序的成本約為1000美元。最新的機器可以在一天內(nèi)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。這項技術(shù)與先進的細胞分析相結(jié)合，闡明了使每個人的身體都獨一無二的驚人的生化變化。）可知，最后一段主要講的是測序的最近的進展。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多于選項。Haveyoueverstruggledtounderstandhowsomeoneelsefeels?Buildingupyourempathy(同理心)skillshelpsyouconnectwithyourfriends.____16____Whatisempathy?Empathyisakindofcapabilitythatletsyoustepintosomeoneelse’sshoesandthenfigureouthowtheyarefeeling.Forinstance,ifyoucanseeyourfriendisupsetafterlosingafootballmatchandyousupportthembytellingthemsomewarmandmotivatingwords,youareshowingempathy.MirandaMcKeameysetupanorganizationcalledEmpathyLabthatbuildsempathythroughreading.____17____“Empathyisaforceforchange,”shesays.____18____Scientistssayempathyisn’tsomethingyouarebornwith,it’saskillyoucanacquirethroughlearning.Onewayyoucandothisisbyactivelistening.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,listencloselyandrespondinawaythatshowsyouunderstandtheirsituationsandemotionsthoroughly.Reading,advocatedbyEmpathyLab,isalsoagreatwaytoboostempathy,sincestoriescantakeyouinsidesomeoneelse’smindandshowyoutheworldthroughtheirevesandemotions.Putempathyintoaction.____19____Thiscouldmeantryingoutsomethingthatisimportanttoafriendorfamilymemberlikeexploringtheirfavoriteplace.EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome.Thatmightbeconnectingwithsomeonenewinyourclassandhavingafriendlyconversation,ormakingsmallchangestoyourbehaviour.Allsmallactsofkindnesstootherscanmakeadifference,whichinturnwillbecopiedbysomeoneelse.____20____A.Howcanyouhavemoreempathy?B.Whoneedempathymostindailylife?C.Besides,italsospreadskindnessandinspiresthemtodothesame.D.Tofindoutmoreconductsyoucando,login.E.Onlybyputtingempathyintoactioncanyourelatetoothers’badlives.F.Shebelievesevensmall,supportiveactionscanhaveapositiveimpact.G.Mirandaremendsgoingintothethickofpeople’slivestoshowempathy.【答案】16.C17.F18.A19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹什么是同理心，獲得同理心的方法和將同理心付諸行動的做法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Haveyoueverstruggledtounderstandhowsomeoneelsefeels?Buildingupyourempathy(同理心)skillshelpsyouconnectwithyourfriends.(你是否曾努力去理解別人的感受？培養(yǎng)同理心可以幫助你與朋友建立聯(lián)系)”及下文各小標(biāo)題可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)說同理心的好處，引出下文對同理心的介紹，C選項“此外，它還傳播善意，并激勵他們也這樣做?！狈项}意，順承上文，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“MirandaMcKeameysetupanorganizationcalledEmpathyLabthatbuildsempathythroughreading.(米蘭達·麥基米成立了一個名為“共情實驗室”的組織，通過閱讀培養(yǎng)共情能力)”和下文““Empathyisaforceforchange,”shesays.(同理心是一種改變的力量，”她說)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)表達為米蘭達·麥基米認可同理心，表達自己的看法，F(xiàn)選項“她認為，即使是很小的支持性行動也能產(chǎn)生積極的影響?！狈项}意，并且呼應(yīng)下文，故選F?！?8題詳解】設(shè)空處為小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Scientistssayempathyisn’tsomethingyouarebornwith,it’saskillyoucanacquirethroughlearning.Onewayyoucandothisisbyactivelistening.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,listencloselyandrespondinawaythatshowsyouunderstandtheirsituationsandemotionsthoroughly.Reading,advocatedbyEmpathyLab,isalsoagreatwaytoboostempathy,sincestoriescantakeyouinsidesomeoneelse’smindandshowyoutheworldthroughtheirevesandemotions.(科學(xué)家表示，同理心不是與生俱來的，而是一種可以通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得的技能。其中一個方法就是積極傾聽。當(dāng)有人和你說話時，仔細傾聽，并以一種表明你完全理解他們的處境和情緒的方式回應(yīng)。同理心實驗室提倡的閱讀也是增強同理心的好方法，因為故事可以讓你進入別人的內(nèi)心，通過他們的眼睛和情感向你展示這個世界)”可知，本段主要講獲得同理心的方法，A選項“你怎樣才能有更多的同理心？”符合本段主旨，故選A?！?9題詳解】下文“Thiscouldmeantryingoutsomethingthatisimportanttoafriendorfamilymember,likeexploringtheirfavoriteplace.(這可能意味著要嘗試一些對朋友或家人很重要東西。比如探索他們最喜歡的地方)”，G選項“米蘭達建議深入人們的生活，以表達同情?！敝械摹皃eople’slives”呼應(yīng)上文的“theirfavoriteplace”，也就是要去家人或者朋友中的生活中去做一些事情來表達同情，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome.Thatmightbeconnectingwithsomeonenewinyourclassandhavingafriendlyconversation,ormakingsmallchangestoyourbehaviour.Allsmallactsofkindnesstootherscanmakeadifference,whichinturnwillbecopiedbysomeoneelse.(同理心實驗室提倡在學(xué)?；蚣彝ブ袑⑼硇母吨T行動。這可能是與班上的新同學(xué)建立聯(lián)系，進行友好的交談，或者對你的行為做出一些小改變。所有對別人的小善舉都能產(chǎn)生影響，而這反過來又會被別人模仿)”可知，這些都是將同理心付諸行動的一些做法，D選項“想了解更多你可以做的行為，請登錄”中的“moreconductsyoucando”符合本段中付諸行動的具體做法，所以順承上文，符合題意，故選D。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題：每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwooftheircountry’spersistentproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.Asastudentand____21____sheisaskinglocalsnackloversa____22____:Ratherthanthrowemptychipbags____23____intothetrash,____24____them!Thenshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.Chip____25____dropofftheiremptybagsattwo____26____:aprintshopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheysanitize(清潔)thechipbagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,____27____themflat,andironthemtogether.They____28____fillingstolinetheinsides.Ittakesaboutfourhoursto____29____asleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300chipbags,dependingonwhetherthey’resingleserveorfamily_____30_____.The_____31_____isasleepingbagthatis“waterproof,lightweight,andeasytocarryaround,”O(jiān)leitatoldtheNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthas_____32_____morethan800,000chipbagsand,_____33_____lastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbe_____34_____toraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Buttheprojectisonlyhalfthe_____35_____forOleitawhosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearededicatedtomakinganimpactnotonly_____36_____butenvironmentally,”shesays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould_____37_____landinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerful_____38_____thatenvironmental_____39_____andpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitatoldlocalnews.,“Ithinkit’stimetoshow_____40_____betweenalloftheseissues.”21.A.instructor B.helper C.environmentalist D.tailor