2023年考研外語預(yù)測試卷10

考研外語預(yù)測試卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1、Americanstodaybelievethatacceptablesocialbehavior,

followseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The(1)

betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred.(2)you

needisagoodheart,mostpeopleassume,andthe(3)will

takecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehavior,isbeautiful.The

“natural"(4)tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowany

personwellenoughistolovehim,thatthe(5)human

problemisacommunicationproblem.This(6)thatpeople

mightbeseparatedbybasically,generallyirreconcilable

differences一philosophical,political,orreligious—and

assumesthatallsuchdifferencesare(7)

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently.

Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaught

himthatladies(8)suchcourtesies,butshe(9)and

spitsinhiseyebecausehehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayoung

ladyoffersherseatina(10)_____bustoanelderly,frail

gentleman,andhegiveshera(11)lookbecauseshehas

insultedhis(12)Mindyou,thosearejustpeople

(13)tobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

(14)ondifferentsystemsof(15).

Curiously,ithasneverbeen(16)toinsultpeople

intentionally.Ifyousay,“YouarenastyandIhateyou,“the

personis(17)toreply,“Oh,you;refeeling(18)_____;

I'11waituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathepeoplecanbehave“naturally“withoutresorting

toa(n)(19)codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsocietyis

assillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusinga

languagewithout(20)acceptedsemanticandgrammatical

rules.

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

2、(2)

A.That

B.Each

C.All

D.Everything

3、(3)

A.rest

B.people

C.minority

D.majority

4、⑷

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

5、⑸

A.essential

B.last

C.same

D.only

6、(6)

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

7、⑺

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

8、(8)

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

9、(9)

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.turnsdown

10、(10)

A.moving

B.crowded

C.shabby

D.deserted

11、(11)

A.angry

B.thankful

C.guilty

D.dirty

12、(12)

A.feelings

B.freedom

C.manhood

D.heart

13、(13)

A.trying

B.refusing

C.showing

D.looking

14、(14)

A.establishing

B.assuming

C.observing

D.operating

15、(15)

A.etiquette

B.ceremony

C.manners

D.courtesy

16、(16)

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

17、(17)

A.opt

B.apt

C.apparent

D.adorable

18、(18)

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

19、(19)

A.natural

B.artificial

C.false

D.artistic

20、(20)

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

二、ReadingComprehension

1>PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestion

toanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepains

whichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenof

otherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwords,and

toalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhat

theyfeel.Wecan,ofcourse,studytheirbodilyreactionsto

thekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsand

thishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedto

animals,theirpupilsdilate,theirpulserateandblood

pressurerise,theymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandthey

maymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointed

outthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenas

indicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycan

allbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeen

isolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermore,when

diseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthe

correspondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookfor

otherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.

Basically,allthenervouselementswhichunderliethe

experienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinall

mammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingas

painisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandis

thereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthere

anyreason,then,forsupposingthatanimals,thoughequipped

withallthenecessaryneurologicalstructures,donot

experiencepain?Suchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofound

qualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.

Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystem

lieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehuman

forebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontext

onlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewas

correlatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.But

muchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationof

consciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.

Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeand

hear,andthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeel

pain.So,whilethereactionsofthepupils,pulserateand

bloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptional

circumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpain,

itseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindications

thatpainisbeingexperienced.

Ourknowledgeofthepainsanimalsfeelcanbeobtainedthrough

A.aninferencefromtheirwords.

B.studyoftheirdirectawarenessofthepains.

C.studyoftheirreactiontopaincausingstimuli.

D.aninferencefromtheirbehavior.

2、

Painisvitaltothesurvivalofhumanbeingandallmammalian

because

A.itcanbefoundinvertebrates.

B.itconsistsofnervouselements.

C.itunderliesmentallife.

D.itisaresponsetoharmfulstimuli.

3、

Thehumannervoussystemdiffersfromthatofanimalsinthat

A.manhasmoredevelopedforebrain.

B.mancanfeelpainswhileanimalscan,t.

C.manhasdifferentneuralstructures.

D.man'smentallifeisinnaturedifferentfromthatof

animals.

4、

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat

A.thereactionsofthepupilsarerelevanttopain.

B.thefactthatanimalsseeandhearhasbeencommonly

accepted.

C.animalscanfeelpaininexceptionalcircumstances.

D.it'sreasonabletosupposethatanimalsdon'tfeelpain.

5、

Theauthorseemstoagreethat

A.animalsmayfeelpain.

B.onlyhumanbeingscanfeelpain.

C.wecan'ttellwhatpainmeanstoananimal.

D.humanbeingscanlearnfromanimalstoavoidpain.

6^Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisrepute

andhaveleft,thosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneed

totaketheproblemseriously.

“CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTime

WarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.

Theeraofthe"imperial”(one-manrule)CEOhascometoanend,

MTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.

Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry,scomplexandoften

ill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnot

necessarilybetter,nomatterhowbigthereputationsofthe

personalitiesbehindthem.

Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsago

werehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonth,andthe

industry，sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusic,

publishingandTV.

TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTime

Warner,replacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.Top

executivesatSonyMusic,MCARecordsandRandomHousewere

booted.AndWalterIsaacson,chairmanofCNNNetworks,leftfor

athinktank.

Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtheright

managersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgot

caughtupinthelate90'sboominthemediaindustryandgot

aheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies,

saidMarkMay,ofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakes

morethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyfor

anothervisionary.

Thecollapseofthedotcombubble,theabilityofmusicfans

togetsongsfreeontheInternet,saggingbottomlinesand

intensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresome

developmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.But

theurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.

Itisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergers,said

LarryHaverty,managingdirectoratStateStreetResearch,a

USinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsfor

growth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchailenge.Theyneedto

choosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.

Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabit

trendsshift.And,morethanever,theymustbecarefulnotto

promisetoomuch.

SonyCorp,ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatan

executivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainment

executives,equallyadeptatbusiness,managementstrategyand

valuecreation,aswellasaconsummate(完善的)andproven

developerofcontent,talentandideas”.

BothJeffandTomagreethat

A.mediachieftainsarevisionaryandactive.

B.mediaexecutiveshavebigreputationsandnice

personalities.

C.themediaindustryshouldbecautiousaboutmerger.

D.themediaindustryistoocomplicatedtohandle.

7、

Theword"flameout”(Line1,Paragraph4)mayprobablymean

A.extravagance.

B.promotion,

C.merger.

D.resignation.

8、

Whatcausedthedeciineofmedia?

A.Therearenovisionaryexecutives.

B.Corporatestrategiesareaheadoftime.

C.Manyexecutivesgotcaughtinthelate90's.

D.Manywiseexecutiveshaveleftthemediaindustry.

9、

Thebiggestproblemmediaexecutivesarefacingnowadaysis

A.thedesiretocombine.

B.competitionamongcableTV.

C.thecollapseofmediaindustry.

D.theinterferencefromInternet.

10、

Accordingtothetext,agoodmediaCEOneedsthefollowing

capabilitiesEXCEPT

A.beingskilledatbusiness.

B.havingtheabilitytoadjustbeforetrendschange.

C.beingexpertindevelopingtalentandthoughts.

0---------￡

J13

D.havingtheabilitytomanageandcreate.

11、ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesin

SouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilin

Indonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmany

developingcountries,persistentcrime,lousyeducationanda

lackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithout

graftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewant

thechanceofabetterlifeinthestable,meritocratic

economiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlife

savings,oreventheirlives,tobuythehopeofhigherearnings,

fairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.

Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgains,andnotjust

totheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrich

worldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftraded

goods.Asoursurveyargues,thepotentialeconomicbenefits

totheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefrom

removingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingand

economiesaresluggish,thebenefitsareespeciallygreat.

Immigrants,unlikenatives,movereadilytoareaswherelabour

isinshortsupply,soeasingbottlenecks.Theybringa

just-in-timesupplyofskills,too,whichiswhyhospitalswant

tohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmers,sparehandstopick

fruitandvegetables;andwealthycouples,nanniesfortheir

children.Inmanycases,immigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthan

theycostinpublicspending.

Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon'tseethingsthisway.

Likeotherforcesofglobalization,immigrationisdisruptive,

andatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.

Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours'

cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionate

resistance.Evenincountriesbuiltonimmigration,likethe

UnitedStates,politicianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.

AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmore

legalmigrants.InEurope,hostilityisdeeperandcanbemore

dangerous.Inthepastyear,thefarrighthasgainedin

electionsinFrance,Denmark,AustriaandNetherlands.

Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthe

pastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsof

jobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersists,unemploymentissure

tobreedgreaterresentment.Anotherterroristattackalongthe

linesofSeptember11th,2022would,rightlyorwrongly,

increasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.And,asHIV

spreadsinthepoorworld,richcountrieswillfretaboutthe

threattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.

Howthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsand

economics?Thefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters

righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttake

precedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborn

inpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians—andof

employersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonly-

inevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests.

Theword，，meritocratic，/(Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto

A.meritorious.

B.prosperous.

C.tosucceedwithhardwork.

D.toprosperwithachievement.

12、

Immigrationbringseconomicbenefitsinthat

A.itnarrowsthegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandtherich

worlds.

B.ithelpsremovetradebarriersbetweenthedevelopingand

thedeveloped.

C.itsuppliesadequatelaborstoaslow-movinghosteconomy.

D.itincreasestax-payinginthehostcountrieswithout

spendingpublicmoney.

13、

Votersinrichcountriesthinkthat

A.immigrantscreatelotsofjobs.

B.immigrantsbringunpleasantchangestotheirlife.

C.mostimmigrantsenteredtheircountrieslegally.

D.manyimmigrantsarehostileanddangerous.

14、

Itcanbeinferredthatvotersinrichcountriesfailto

realize

A.legalimmigrantstookawaymanyoftheirjobs.

B.immigrationcanbegoodtotheircountries.

C.immigrationbringsabouttheriskofAIDS.

D.immigrantsmadeuseoftheirhealthservice.

15、

Fromthetextwelearnthat

A.theeconomicbenefitsbroughtbyimmigrationconflictthe

politicalconcerns.

B.thethreatsposedbyimmigrationshouldbethegreatest

concern.

C.therightsofvotersintherichcountriesprecedeoverthe

rightsofimmigrants.

D.employersandpoliticiansshouldmanageimmigrationfor

thevoters,benefits.

16、ThomasHuxley(''Darwin'sbulldog")issaidtohavecome

upwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlife

wascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxford,heisreported

tohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressed

typewriterkeysforalongenoughtime,soonerorlaterPsalm

23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargument,butit

accuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtime

andenoughsolarsystems,you'11getyou,Bach'scellosuites,

andme.Thisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausible,and

althoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism—the

rampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlife,

nointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreat

challengetoatheism—theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.

ScientistshavetakenupHuxley'spropositionandfoundfrom

experimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfeweven

endeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperiment,mathematicians

thencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120characters

aminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower(10followedby

813zeros)monkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecent

versionofShakespeare,sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsin

theuniverse,sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducinga

fewsentences,letaloneaShakespeareplay.

ProfessorRobertJastrow,oneofthegreatestliving

astronomers,headoftheMountWilsonObservatory,andan

agnostic,bestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.

Jastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomers

refusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsof

theuniverse.Infact,Jastrowwrites,manyastronomerswere

actuallyunhappyaboutit.Why?BecausetheBigBangimplied

abeginningtotheuniverse,andabeginningimpliesaCreator,

somethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.Thisled

Jastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshave

vested,nonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefs,

especiallythenon-existenceofaCreator.Neithermathsnor

sciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomly,withoutaCreator.

Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabelief,abelief

thatshouldbelaidtorest.

Atheistsseemtobelievethat

A.chancecanproduceeverythingoveralongenoughtime.

B.lifeistoocomplicatedtobeexplained.

C.noteverythinginlifecanbeexplained.

D.thereisexistenceofdesignandintelligence.

17、

Thescientificexperimentaboutmonkeysindicatesthatthe

authorthinks

A.ittakesalongperiodoftimetoteachmonkeystotypewrite.

B.veryfewmonkeyscanknockoutletters.

C.Huxley'stheoryisnotconvincing.

D.theexperimentwasdoneinresponsetotheism.

18、

Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthorbelieves

A.atheismislogicalandreasonable.

B.agnosticismisperfectintheory.

C.atheismandcreationismareillogical.

D.agnosticismisunderstandablebutnotatheism.

19、

WhatdoesJastrowthinkofmanyscientists?

A.Theyarereadytoacceptatheism.

B.Theypartlyacceptcreationism.

C.Theirstubbornnessmakesthemblind.

D.Theiratheismisnotsciencebased.

20、

Thelastparagraphindicatesthat

A.theBigBanghypothesisismadeup.

B.scienceandmathsdenyaCreator.

C.creationismisscientificandrational.

D.creationismshouldbeabolished.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

FewoutsideofCongressrecognizetheimportanceofleadership

positions,personalitiesandpowersinadvancingalegislative

agenda.SkilledleadersinboththeHouseandSenatemakethe

differencebetweensuccessandgridlockinthedanceof

legislation.(41).

FormerSenateMajorityLeaderHowardBakerofTennesseewas

fondofmetaphoricallydescribingleadingtheupperbodyas

akinto"herdingcats”.(42).

Lastweek'sRepublicanruleschangeweakenstheoldseniority

system,providingMajorityLeaderBillFristwithnewpowers

toappointatleasthalfofthevacanciesonthe13most

importantandsoughtaftercommittees,suchasFinance,

AppropriationsandForeignRelations.Beforetheruleschange

Republicansfilledtheseopeningspurelybasedon

seniority—themostseniormemberwouldgetthefirstshotat

avacancy.(43).

ThisisanewprocessfortheRepublicans,allowingtheleader

tofillkeycommitteeslotsbasedonfactorssuchasparty

loyalty,substantivebackground,regionalfactorsorpolitical

imperatives一notjustseniority.

(44).Mr.Santorumworkedwithsevenofhiscolleagues

toenhancethepowersoftheSenateRepublicanleaderandmodify

thosepowerstoreflectthewaytheDemocratshaveoperatedfor

manyyears.MembersofMr.Santorum，staskforce,including

Sens.MikeCrapoofIdaho,JonKyiofArizona,TrentLottof

MississippiandJimTalentofMissouri,developedtheultimate

planadoptedlastweek.

(45).Yetitisastepintherightdirection,givingthe

Republicanleaderadditionaltoolstoinstallsomeparty-

loyalistsonallofthekeycommitteesatatimewhenoperating

asa"team"iscriticaltoRepublicansuccess.

A.Newobligationsaccompanythisnewreality:The

responsibilitytoproduce.Andtowardthatend,Republicans

tookanimportantsteplastweektodojustthatbyenhancing

thepoweroftheSenateMajorityLeaderposition.

B.Now,bycontrast,iffourvacanciesexist,theleaderselects

twoandtheothertwoarebasedonseniority.Ifthreevacancies

exist,theleaderpickstwoofthethree.Andifonlyoneexists,

theleaderfillsitwithhischoice.

C.DemocratsintheSenatetakeadifferentapproachtofill

vacancies,usingavarietyofvariablessuchasregional

balance,partyloyalty,policyviewsandoccupational

background.TheSenateDemocraticLeader,nowHarryReidof

Nevada,appointseachmemberoftheSteeringandCoordination

Committeeandthisbodymakesallappointments.

D.YetunliketheHouse,whereaunifiedmajorityevenanarrow

one—canefficientlymovethelawmakingprocessforward,the

Senateisadifferentbreedofcat.

E.Theruleschangewon'talterthebasicoperational

proceduresoftheSenateandit'sbynomeansasilverbullet

toradicallyenhancethepowersofthemajorityleader.

F.Theruleschangeisthehandiworkofataskforceconvened

thissummerbySen.RickSantorumofPennsylvania.

G.GiventherulesandprecedentsoftheSenate,alegislative

leader'sarsenalofweaponstocompelpartyunityislimited

tonon-existence.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)Today,there;sscarcelyanaspectofourlifethatisn't

beingupendedbythetorrentofinformationavailableonthe

hundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternet,notto

mentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachother

viaelectronicmail."Iftheautomobileandaerospace

technologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerand

informationtechnology,，zsaysMicrosoft,“anewcarwouldcost

about$2andgo600milesonathimbleofgas.Andyou