【課件】Unit+1Reading+and+Thinking+課件人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊+

Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”

Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.Unit1ScienceandScientists

提出新的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，這些需要創(chuàng)造性的想象力，并標志著科學的真正進步?！柌亍垡蛩固?利奧波德·英費爾德Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?measurebodytemperature測量體溫

stayathome/putin

quarantine/?kw?r?nti?n/

居家隔離receivenucleic/nju??kle??k/

acidtests核酸檢測getvaccinated/?v?ks?ne?t/接種疫苗PositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.Whatotherkindsofepidemicsdoyouknow?JohnSnowDefeated“KingCholera”bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（瘧疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)JohnSnow(15March1813–16June1858)wasaBritishphysicianandaleaderintheadoptionofanaesthesiaandmedicalhygiene.約翰·斯諾(1813年3月15日-1858年6月16日)，英國內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，麻醉和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的領導者。JohnSnow

VideoTimeVideoTimePre-reading1.WhowasJohnSnow?

2.WhatisKingCholera?

3.HowdidJohnSnowdefeatKingCholera?JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Pre-readingJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?Discussthefollowingstagesofscientificresearchingroupsandputtheminthecorrectorder.StagesofScientificResearch1.findaproblem2.4.3.5.6.7.drawaconclusioncollectdataaskaquestionfindsupportingevidenceanalyzetheresultsthinkofamethodHowdidSnowdefeatcholera?Para1Para2Para4Para5JohnSnowdesiretodestroycholera.Hedecidedtoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.Johnbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Finally，hefoundoutthetruthofinfectionofcholera.JohnSnow‘sgreatcontributions.Para3Readpassagequicklyandmatchthemainideas.Para1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“”KingCholera?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Putthesevenresearchstagesinorder.

analyzetheresults

askaquestion

collectdata

thinkofamethod

findaproblem

findsupportingevidence

drawaconclusionPara2&3:

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.2Stage1findaproblemcontradictorytoagreewithorsupportanopinion,atheory,etc.proofsubscribetoPara.2Stage2askaquestioninvestigatedeterminedtocarefullyexaminethefactsorfindoutthetruthorhowithappened

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.3Stage3thinkofamethodmarkexact

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.3Stage4collectdata

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.3Stage5analyzetheresultsmultipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamesuspect

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.3Stage6findsupportingevidenceWhat’smore

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesPara.3Stage7drawaconclusionAsaresultofthisevidence,...announce

Para.2&3：FindthesevenstagesSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EPara.2&3：ReadfordetailedinformationItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapStepsintheresearchManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapResearchmethodtheoriesprocessevidenceconclusionsolutiondrinkingwaterPara.2&3：Readfordetailedinformation1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondon?A.BadairB.WaterinfectedbyrawwasteC.PollutedairD.Waterpollutedbytheair2.WhywasJohnSnowcalledthefatherofmodernepidemiology?Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Hetransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases

inuseofmapandstatistics.Para.4&5：Readfordetailedinformation

Whatqualitiesandscientificspiritsdotheyhaveincommon?

strongsenseofsocialresponsibilityknowledgeablecouragetofacedifficultiescommittedcriticalthinkingcreativityquestioningmindcareforlifeJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.賓語從句Para1賓語同位語時間狀語從句“令人恐懼的”“變得沮喪”原因狀語從句“隨著時間的推移”“升遷”rise-rose-risen“照顧；照料”thedesiretodo“做...的愿望”教材原句2Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后來，他成為一名著名的醫(yī)生，甚至在維多利亞女王分娩時照顧她。intime作“終于；遲早”講時，常單獨使用，作狀語。intime及時；終于；遲早作“及時”講時，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。(1)Youwillsucceedintime

，aslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放棄，你總有一天會成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.醫(yī)生及時趕到并搶救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸運的是，他及時趕上了公共汽車。tosavefor教材原句1.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated

becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatCholera.作為一位年輕醫(yī)生，約翰斯諾變得沮喪，因為沒人知道如何預防或治療霍亂。句式分析：句中howtopreventortreatcholera為“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結構，作動詞knew的賓語。JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholera

spread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawas

causedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecond

theory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreak

ofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwo

particularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedin

tendays.Hewasdeterminedto?ndoutwhy.

Para2“一般說來”賓語從句后置定語表語從句表語從句“同意;贊同”時間狀語從句“襲擊；攻擊”ahitsongIthitssbthat...很火/熱門歌曲“如此...以至于”，結果狀語從句賓語從句“下定決心干某事”“因此”某人突然想到教材原句

3Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.有一種理論認為是惡劣的空氣導致了這種疾病。句式分析：本句中thatbadaircausedthedisease是that引導的表語從句,that在從句中不作成分,沒有意義,只起連接作用翻譯：我曾經(jīng)夢想能在那個城市有個三居室(three-bedroom)的房子。Mydreamwas__________________________________________.thatIcouldhaveathree-bedroomhouseinthatcity句式分析：本句是復合句,其中discovered后跟_____引導的________。在賓語從句中,含有_________引導的________________。結果狀語從句that賓語從句so…that….教材原句4Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwasso

severe

thatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特定的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)非常嚴重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。so…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導結果狀語從句。3.Itissobusyadaythatwedon’tgoswimming.主語+實義動詞+so+

副詞+that從句主語+系動詞（be,become,feel等）+so+形容詞+that從句主語+系動詞+so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句1.Itrainedso

heavilythatwehadtostayathome.2.Thequestionissodifficultthatwecannotworkitout.主語+謂語+so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+that從句主語+謂語+so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句主語+謂語+so+many(much,few,little)+that從句IhavemadesomanymistakesthatImuststayathometoreflectonthem.TheshirtcostsomuchthatIdidnotwanttotakeit.Whatapity!Wehavegot

solittlemoneythatwecannoteatatrestaurants.當“so＋形容詞/副詞”及such...放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。Soafraidwasheinthedarknessthathedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢動。SuchadifficultquestiondidIfinditisthatIcan’tworkitout.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個題太難，我算不出。Sonervouswasthespeakerthathis

legs

were

trembling這個演講者如此緊張，以至于雙腿發(fā)抖完成句子He_________________heacceptedherinvitation.他接受她的邀請真是太傻了。It_______________thatI’dliketogothereagain.這個露營地點如此好，以至于我想再去一次。There_________________thatthehostfeltsad.賓客如此之少，主人為此感到傷心。Itis_________________thatIcan’tliftit.這個箱子如此重以至于我提不起來。issogoodacampingspotweresofewguestssuchaheavyboxwassofoolishthatJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexact

placeswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.There

weremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpin

BroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,

37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas

20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge

Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeople

workedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.They

hadbeengivenfreebeer,

andsohadnotdrunk

thewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthat

thewaterpumpwastoblame.Para3by+doing“通過...方式”定語從句“因而”，連接兩個并列的謂語賓語從句JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatismore,

inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandher

daughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermoving

awayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuch

thatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnow

wasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehad

thehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,the

diseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

Para3表語從句“似乎...”“havesthdone”賓語從句“因此”目的狀語從句havemyhaircuthavetheproblemfixed教材原句5Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces

whereallthosewho

diedhadlived.斯諾開始在地圖上標注所有死者生活的精確地址。句式分析：where引導定語從句，先行詞為_____，where在定語從句中做______；who引導定語從句，先行詞為_______，who在從句中作_____。主語places狀語thoseItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.havesth.done結構so….that引導結果狀語從句Itseemedthat…“看來……”,that引導表語從句教材原句6這位婦女似乎非常喜歡水泵里的水，所以每天都讓人送到她家去。It＋不及物動詞(短語)＋that從句.b常用于該句型結構有：Itseemedthat...(看上去)Ithappenedthat…(碰巧)Itturnedoutthat…(證明是)Itappearedthat...(顯得)

“have＋賓語＋賓語補足語”的用法有以下幾種：havesb./sth.doing

讓某人做某事(動作具有持續(xù)、進行含義)havesb.do

讓某人做某事（省略to）havesth.done

讓/請別人做某事；遭受到___________________wewerewrong.結果證明我們錯了。_______________________hewasoutthatday.碰巧他那天出去了。Theyhadthecar___________(run)alltheway.Shehadplannedtohaveherdaughter_______(marry)Laurie.Asweleftwehadaphotograph_________(take)together.IthappenedthatItturnedoutthatmarryrunningtakenThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.ThepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwaterThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,SnowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiologyPara.4&5教材原句7ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，霍亂對世界各地的威脅