2023年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷及答案解析

2023年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共30.0分)

A

HighschoolprogramsattheNationalGalleryofArtvaluedepthoverbreadth,exploringoriginalworksof

artthroughasinglespecificquestionortheme.

StudioWorkshops

Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9-12

Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthe

galleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelated

artproject.

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthenshare

theirresponsesandcomeupwiththeoriesbasedontheirobservations.

Studentswillhavethechancetocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthe

galleries.

MuseumMakersExploringArtandMuseums

Grades11-12

TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.ltgives

upper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgain

aninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10：00

a.m.to3：00p.m.

Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.

CreativeWriting

Grades7-12,90minutes

Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhiletheyare

lookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussionandpersonal

reflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,includingfree-form

poetry.

Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeacceptedateachsession.

1.WhatcanstudentsdoatStudioWorkshops?

A.Getbasictrainingasanartist.

B.Putforwardtheirownarttheories.

C.Discusswithartistsabouttheirworks.

D.Learnaboutartists,inspirationfortheirworks.

2.WhatcanstudentsgetfromMuseumMakers?

A.Methodsofhowartworksarecreated.

B.Experienceinrunninganartmuseum.

C.Knowledgeabouthowanartmuseumworks.

D.Academiccreditsforcompletingtheprogram.

3.WhichgroupcanattendCreativeWritingatasession?

A.15collegestudents.B.10Grade9students.

C.25Grade10students.D.40highschoolstudents.

B

IneverimaginedthatsomeonetellingmeIlookedskinnywouldangerme.Andyet,Iwasmadeveryangry

whenacolleaguepinchedmywaistandscreamed,"Rosa,you'velostweight.Youlookgreat."InThe

truthisthatIwastiredandnottakingcareofmyself.Idecidedtostartaproperweight-lossprogram.

Thefirsttogowouldberoadrage.Iaminfarlesscontrolofthisweightthananyother.Everytime

somethinggetsinmypath,Iflyoffihehandle.Ineedtolosetheroadrage,andfast!No?nomore

speed.Instead,Inowrepeatthewords："Iamnotinahurry.*'Thisyear,Iwilldrivesafely,allowing

"stupid”tohappenallaroundme.Fromthat,Ihopetogainpatience.

Nextisguilt.Whenguiltdrivesmyconsciencetodobetter,it'sfunctional.Butwhenitpresentsitselfasan

internaldialoguethatgoesnowhere,it'suseless.Thisyear,Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepinga

cleanerhouse,forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends,fornotattendingeveryparty

becauseFdratherbeathome,orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading.Myimageandperformance

arenotatthefrontofanyoneelse'smindbutmyown.Fromthis,Ihopetogainfreedomtobemyself.

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearof

embarrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiming

higherinmylife.Fearofregrethasledmeintosituationsthatmademeuncomfortable.IfIcanloseanyone

ofthesefears,Istandtogainexperience.

So,ifIcanlosetherage,shakeoffsomeguilt,andtakefearoffmyplate,Istandtogainpatience,

freedom,andexperience.PoundforpoundIhavenotlostathingbutIwillbemuchlighter.Nexttime,I

hopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingtodo

withhowgreatIreallylook.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"flyoffthehandle,'inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Pickupspeed.B.Driveoff.

C.Feelquitenervous.D.Becomeveryangry.

5.Whathasmadetheauthorfeelguiltybefore?

A.Attendingtoomanyparties.

B.Readingmuchwithherchildren.

C.WastinghertimeinwatchingTV.

D.Spendinglittletimewithherfriends.

6.Howhasfearaffectedtheauthor?

A.Ithaspreventedherachievinghergoals.

B.Ithasstoppedherfurtheringhereducation.

C.Ithasmadeitdifficultfbrhertomakefriends.

D.Ithascausedhertoquitherdreamofbeingateacher.

7.Whatdoestheauthorexpecttogainfromherweight-lossprogram?

A.Respect.B.Independence.C.Optimism.D.Tolerance.

c

Sixmonthsbeforeshedied,mygrandmothermovedintoanoldpeople'shomeandIvisitedherthere.The

roomwascleanandwarm,andthecareassistantswerekindandcheerful.Ageneralknowledgequizshow

wasonthetelevision,andtheonlyothersoundwassnoring.Peoplemovedonlywhentheyneededtobe

helpedtothebathroom.ltwasdisappointing.Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeing

hergrandchildren,butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.

SoIwasinterestedtoreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconceptinoldpeople'shomesinFrance.The

ideaissimple,butrevolutionary-combiningaresidentialhomefbrtheelderlywithanurseryschoolin

thesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.Intheafternoons,

theresidentsenjoyreadingortellingstoriestothechildren,andifachildisfeelingsadortired,thereis

alwaysakindlaptositon.

Theadvantagesarehugeforeveryoneconcerned.Thechildrenarehappy,becausetheygetalotmore

individualattention.Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.Andthestaffarehappy

becausetheyseeanimprovementinthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthoftheresidentsandhavean

armyofassistantstohelpwiththechildren.

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberof

countries.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily,working

parentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations,familiesthathavemovedaway,andsmallerflatswith

noroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame-increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparents

andoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren,andmoreoldpeoplewhoarelonelyandfeeluseless,

alongwithmoreandmorefamilieswithyoungchildrenwhodesperatelyneedmoresupport.Ifsamajor

probleminmanysocieties.

That'swhyintergenerationalprograms,designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowingin

popularityallovertheworld.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"residents"inparagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Oldpeople.B.Schoolteachers.

C.Assistants.D.Staff.

9.Howweretheoldpeopleatthehometheauthor'sgrandmotherwasin?

A.Theyfeltlonelyanduseless.

B.Theyweren'tallowedtobevisited.

C.Theyweren'tlookedafterproperly.

D.Theylivedinadirtyanduncomfortableroom.

10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisamajorprobleminmanysocietiestoday?

A.Theextendedfamilyisbrokendown.

B.Thereisn'tmuchroomforgrandparents.

C.Workingparentshavenotimetocarefortheirchildren.

D.Thereisn'tmuchcontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

11.Whatwillbeprobablytalkedaboutlaterinthepassage?

A.Adviceonhowtocommunicatewithchildren.

B.Plansforsettingupmorehomesforoldpeople.

C.Examplesofsuccessfulintergenerationalprograms.

D.Waysofteachingentertainmentskillstooldpeople.

D

Microplasticpollutionisincreasinggreatlyaroundtheglobe,accordingtoastudyofplasticparticles（微

粒）carriedintheair.

Peoplearealreadyknowntobreathe,drinkandeatmicroplastics,andresearchsuggeststhatpollution

levelswillcontinuetoriserapidly.Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfulto

lungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.

ProfessorNatalieMahowald,atCornellUniversityintheUSandpartoftheresearchteam,said,nBut

maybewecouldsolvethisbeforeitbecomesahugeproblem,ifwemanageourplasticsbetter,beforethey

accumulateintheenvironmentandmovearoundeverywhere."

Theresearch,publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcadenryofSciences,examined

airborne（空氣傳播的）microplastics,whichhavebeenfarlessstudiedthanplasticsinoceansandrivers.

Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewestern

US.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources

（來源）,anditwasthefirstsuchstudytodoso.

Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）inthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthe

microplasticsintheair.Thesearelikelytoincludeparticlesfromtiresandbrakepadsonvehicles,and

plasticsfromlitterthathadbeenbrokendown.

Theresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealso

likelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,plasticparticles

blownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.

ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,"Thestudy

confirmstheglobal-scale（全球規(guī)模的）natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesa

goodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdatais

neededtogetabetterideaofthesources."

12.Whatcanbeknownaboutmicroplasticpollutionfromthistext?

A.Theparticlescandogreatharmtoourlungs.

B.Airbornemicroplasticshavebeenwidelystudied.

C.Ithasbecomethemostpressingenvironmentalproblem.

D.Thereislessplasticintheairthaninoceansandrivers.

13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutmicroplasticpollution?

A.Itsresultsdifferacrossmanycontinents.

B.AfricaandAsiaaresufferingmostfromit.

C.Roadsandfieldsarelargelytoblameforit.

D.Itspreadsfastfromonecontinenttoanother.

14.WhatshouldtheresearchersdonextaccordingtoProfessorAndreasStohl?

A.Topredictthepotentialdamageofmicroplastics.

B.Tounderstandthenatureofmicroplasticpollution.

C.Toimprovethemethodofcollectingsamplesofmicroplastics.

D.Tocollectmoredatatounderstandthesourcesofmicroplastics.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.Effectsofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth

B.Microplasticpollutionontheglobalscale

C.Possiblesolutionstomicroplasticpollution

D.Microplasticpollutionrisingquicklyintheair

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

“Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright；Bowing,inhomesicknessPmdrowned.'*WhenIfeomaGladysfrom

Nigeria,firstreadthelinefromLiBai'sThoughtsonaTranquilNight,thegirlfeltthepoet*sexperiences

andemotions(情感)."Ican*thelpbutfeelhomesick,"saidGladys,22,whoisstudyingChinese

LanguageandLiteratureatSouthwestUniversity.

Fromthenon,theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.(1)Forexample,

inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld,Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.While

readingCaoCao*sAShortSong,shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficulties

wecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.(2)Inhereyes,itishowitcantraveloverthe

mountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent,butneverchangeitsoriginalintention,keeping

itstruthandemotionalweight.

"Thisiswhatmanypopularnovelsandonlinearticlesareunabletodo,"saidtheNigeriangirl.(3)

Forexample,LiBaiwrote,"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgold

coinsspent,morewillturnupagain."About1,000yearslater,Goethe,aGermanpoet,wouldsay

somethingquitesimilar-(4)''Behindthebeautifulpoems,Idiscoveredthewisdomofthe

Chinesepeople,thecharmofChineseculture,andtheworldwidebasisofChinesecultureaswell,'*said

Gladys.

Now,thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.(5)

A.ShelearnedChinesecultureandwisdomthroughit.

B.WhatisthemostattractivepartofancientChinesepoetry?

C.ShegraduallyfoundforeignpoemsaredifferenttoChinesepoems.

D.HowcanancientChinesepoetryattractsomanypeoplearoundtheworld?

E.Thepersonbornwithatalentismeanttouseitandwillfindgreathappiness.

F.ShewantstopromoteChinesecultureandconnectChinawiththewholeworld.

G.Butshe'smoresurprisedhowtheculturalqualityofChinesepoetrycanreach

audiencesworldwide.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

Iwassittinginachairhavingcoffeewhenatextmessagefromaformercolleaguewokemefrommy

daydreams.

"Doyouwantto(1)yourrockingchair?"

Itaughtgrades1-2fbr17years，andmydreamsasateacherweretiedtothatrockingchair.ltwasa(2)

ideatohaveitinmyclass.Everydayafterbreaktime,theclasswould(3)aroundand

listentothestoryIwasreading.Whenthestudentsareclose,theyfindthe(4)tosharetheir

stories,dreamsandfears.Thechairwaspartofmy(5),partofme.

(6),Ibecameunwellandcouldn*tkeepteaching.Iexperienced(7)anxietyandat

lastIwasforcedto(8)thejob.Withmylifeasateacherover,Ineededanewpath.AndIdidnrt

havetolookfar.

MyhusbandandI(9)oneofmyformerstudentsin2017.Thecomplexityofparentingachild

whocametousat9yearsoldchangedourlivesin(10)ways.Butitinspiredthepartofmethat

(11)beingaparent.Wespent(12)hoursstayingwithbooks-healing,bondingand

solidifyingourfamily,whichgavemeanewpurpose.

Ijoineda(13)groupoflocalmoms.Foraboutayear,Imetwiththemweeklyforwalksor

coffee.Wecametogetherto(14),andthenIstartedgivingandreceivinghelp,Igavedriving

practicetoasinglemomwithherlearner'slicenseandreceivedemotionalsupportin(15)Ialso

tookhersononhikesaroundthecity.Anotherwomanencouragedmetobuyastand-uppaddleboardand

gavemelessons.

Myfamily,mybooks,(16)anewpurposeandbelonginginacommunity-thesearefulfilling

thesenseofselfIusedto(17)asateacher.Ilearnedmy(18)doesn'tneedtochange,

Fmstillhonoringthosecore(核心的)values(19)I'mworkingasateacher.Whataboutthat

rockingchair?Ilookedbackatthetextmessage,Myanswerwasno,andIdon'tneedthechair.I'llletit

gotoanew(20)!

21.A.giveawayB.putbackC.sendoutD.pickup

22.A.ridiculousB.magicalC.strangeD.simple

23.A.gatherB.turnC.lookD.run

24.A.excuseB.inspirationC.courageD.comfort

25.A.goalB.jobC.furnitureD.entertainment

26.A.UnfortunatelyB.UnusuallyC.UnbelievablyD.Unfairly

27.A.naturalB.vagueC.severeD.slight

28.A.challengeB.changeC.chooseD.quit

29.A.adoptedB.taughtC.rescuedD.helped

30.A.flexibleB.unexpectedC.upsettingD.separate

31.A.imaginesB.triesC.enjoysD.considers

32.A.countlessB.sleeplessC.endlessD.speechless

33.A.wisdomB.supportC.familyD.service

34.A.cooperateB.shareC.improveD.learn

35.A.reliefB.realityC.responseD.return

36.A.findingB.confirmingC.acceptingD.understanding

37.A.experienceB.developC.trainD.prize

38.A.characterB.identityC.determinationD.sense

39.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why

40.A.purposeB.teacherC.positionD.parent

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.Fromwritingpoetrytomakingmusic,ChatGPT(1)(amaze)theworldsince

itslaunchinlate2022bytheUS-basedcompanyOpenALItevenpassedseverallawexamsinfour

coursesattheUniversityofMinnesota,US,accordingtoCNNTheAIprogramcananswerquestions

onalargenumberoftopics,andwriteessays,storiesandanyotherwrittentextsyoucanthinkof.It

doesthisbydrawingoninformation(2)(collect)fromalargecorpus(語料庫)of

textdata.

WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressive?AsSamAltman,theCEOofOpenAIsaidinaninterview,

"It'snotactually(3)(fundamental)newtechnologythatmadeChatGPThavea

moment/*

AccordingtoMITTechnologyReview,ChatGPTisbasedonalargelanguagemodel.Becausetexts

aremorecomplex(4)themeaningofeverywordcombined,languagemodelsrequirea

typeofneural(神經(jīng)的)networkthatcanmakesenseoftexts.

Onebreakthroughbehindtoday'smodels(5)(be)anetworkcalledTransformer,invented

byGoogleresearchers.Theneuralnetworkcaninfer(6)thewordmeansbytrackingwhere

itappearsinasentence.Transformercanthereforecollectthemeaningoftextsmoreaccurately.

TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunsupervisedearning,(7)

(mean)thatthemodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingtoldwhattolookat.ChatGPTcan

nowgeneratehuman-likeresponsesinstantlydue(8)thelargescaleoftextsitlearnedfrom.

"Oneofthebiggest(9)(problem)withChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,

withfalsecontents."MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon,UK,toldThe

Guardian.ThismeansChatGPTdoesn'tknowthetruthabouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfrom

(10)(variety)resourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共

有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：(1)每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

(2)只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

TheotherdaymyparentsandItooktriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Asisknown,it'safamous

mountainwithdifferentkindofplantsandanimals.Theweatherwasfineandwewereonhigh

spirits.ltwasaboutnoonwhileweaiTivedatthefootofthemountain.Wewereveryexcited.Aswe

climbedthemountain,wefeedmonkeys,visitedtemplesandtoldstories.Onthewayup,Iwasbusy

tookphotossincethescenerywasbeautifulandattractively.Timepassedquickly,andbeforewe

knewit,nighthasfallen.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwas

expensiveandtheservicewasgood.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedat

thepillow.

六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.假如你校正在開展主題為“ThePowerofSports”的征文比賽，請根據(jù)以下要點用英語寫一

篇短文參賽。

（1）體育運動的益處；

（2）體育精神的力量。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

ThePowerofSports

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】B、C、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分中的關(guān)鍵句Duringtheworkshop,

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthenshare

theirresponsesandtheywillinspirestudentstodeveloptheoriesbasedontheirobservations.（在研討會

期間，國家美術(shù)館的教育工作者將鼓勵學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察藝術(shù)作品，然后分享他們的反應(yīng)，他們將激

勵學(xué)生根據(jù)他們的觀察提出理論。）可知，學(xué)生在HighSchoolStudioWorkshops可以做的是提出

他們自己的藝術(shù)理論，故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文MuseumMakers：ExploringArtandMuseums部分中的關(guān)鍵句

Participantswillgainaninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.（參與者將獲得，一個藝術(shù)博物館如

何工作的內(nèi)部觀點。）可知，學(xué)生能從MuseumMakers：ExploringArtandMuseums這里學(xué)到關(guān)

于博物館是如何工作的相關(guān)知識，故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文Grades7-12,90minutes（7-12年級，90分鐘）部分中的關(guān)鍵句

Amaximumof30students（minimumof15）willbeacceptedateachsession.（每節(jié)最多接納30名

學(xué)生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年級學(xué)生可以參加創(chuàng)意寫作課程。故選C。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個國家美術(shù)館的高中課程。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有

標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細(xì)讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強(qiáng)

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

4?7.【答案】D、C、A、C

【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中劃線詞前面句子Everytimesomethinggetsinmypath

（每次有東西擋住我的路。）和后面句子Ineedlolosetheroadrage,andfast!（我得快點改掉路怒

癥！）推斷出作者有路怒癥，所以每次有東西擋了作者的路，作者就會變得非常生氣。故劃線詞

意思是"變得非常生氣"。A.Pickupspeed.加速；B.Driveoff.開車離開；C.Feelquitenervous.

感覺很緊張；D.Becomeveryangry.變得非常憤怒。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文第三段中的關(guān)鍵句Thisyear,

Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepingacleanerhouse,

forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends,

fornotattendingeverypartybecauseI'dratherbeathome,orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading

（今年，我想不再為沒有保持一個干凈的房子而感到內(nèi)疚，為花時間遠(yuǎn)離孩子和朋友在一起而感

到內(nèi)疚，為因為寧愿呆在家里而沒有參加每一個聚會而感到內(nèi)疚，為在我應(yīng)該讀書的時候看電視

而感到內(nèi)疚。）推斷出在此之前，在看電視上浪費時間讓作者感到內(nèi)疚。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關(guān)鍵句

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearofemba

rrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiminghigher

inmylife.（最后是恐懼?？謶肿璧K了我。對失敗的恐懼使我無法成為一名作家。由于害怕尷尬，

我不敢發(fā)表意見。對拒絕的恐懼讓我無法在生活中追求更高的目標(biāo)。）推斷出恐懼阻礙了作者實

現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一段中的關(guān)鍵句Nexttime,

Ihopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingt

odowithhowgreatIreallylook.（下次，我希望我的同事能看著我的眼睛，看到我容光煥發(fā)的樣子，

而不是掐我身上那些與我看起來有多棒無關(guān)的部分。）結(jié)合上文提到作者想要克服的三樣?xùn)|西推

知，作者期望從她的減肥計劃中獲得樂觀，不再內(nèi)疚、容易生氣和恐懼。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者為了減肥而克服了三樣?xùn)|西。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有

標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細(xì)讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強(qiáng)

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

8?11.【答案】A、A、D、C

【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中的關(guān)鍵句Theideaissimple,

butrevolutionary-combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuil

ding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.（這個想法很簡單，但具有

革命性一將養(yǎng)老院和幼兒園合并在同一一棟樓里。孩子們和一起吃午飯，分享活動。）推斷出

這個想法把老人院和幼兒園結(jié)合了起來，讓孩子們和老人們一起吃午飯，分享活動。故劃線詞意

思是"老人"。A.Oldpeople.老人；B.Schoolteachers.學(xué)校老師；C.Assistants.助手;D.Staff.

員工。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文第一段中的關(guān)鍵句

Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeinghergrandchildren,

butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.（祖母經(jīng)常說她多么想念孫子孫女們，

但我從姐姐那里知道，他們不喜歡去那里看她。）以及第三段中的關(guān)鍵句

Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.（老人們很高興，因為他們覺得自己是有

用的和被需要的。）推斷出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤獨和無用。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關(guān)鍵句

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberofcountr

ies.（如今，在越來越多的國家，老年人和年輕人之間的接觸越來越少。）推斷出作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)今社

會的主要問題是老年人和年輕人之間沒有太多的接觸。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一一段的內(nèi)容That'swhyintergenerationalprograms,

designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.（這就是

為什么旨在將老年人和年輕人結(jié)合在一起的代際計劃在世界各地越來越受歡迎。）推斷出這篇文

章后面可能會討論成功的代際項目的例子。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了養(yǎng)老院的老人總是覺得孤獨和不被需要，法國有了一個把老人

院和幼兒園結(jié)合在一棟樓里的想法，介紹了這一做法的好處。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有

標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細(xì)讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強(qiáng)

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

12?15.【答案】A、C、D、D

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。由本文第二段中的關(guān)鍵句

Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdis

eases.（研究人員表示，吸入這些顆粒會對肺組織有害，并導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的疾病。）推斷出這些顆粒會

對我們的肺部造成巨大的傷害。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文第六段中的關(guān)鍵句Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）

inthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，道路是美國西部的

主要因素，空氣中約85%的微塑料都與道路有關(guān)。）以及第七段的內(nèi)容

Theresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsareal

solikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,

plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.（研究人員將他們

的建模工作擴(kuò)展到全球水平，這表明在歐洲、南美和澳大利亞，道路也可能是空氣中塑料的主要

驅(qū)動因素，而在非洲和亞洲，來自田野的塑料顆?？赡苁且粋€更大的因素。）推斷出地區(qū)之間空

氣傳播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本文最后一段Professor

AndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,"Thestudyconfirmsthegl

obal-scale（全球規(guī)模的）

natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantan

dconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources."（維

也納大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院的安德烈亞斯?斯托爾教授說："這項研究證實了大氣中微塑料運輸?shù)娜?/p>

范圍性質(zhì)，并在強(qiáng)調(diào)高度相關(guān)和令人擔(dān)憂的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的測量數(shù)據(jù)來更好

地了解來源。"）推斷出根據(jù)AndreasStohl教授的介紹，研究的下一步是獲得更多數(shù)據(jù)，以了解微

塑料的來源。故