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考研外語模擬試卷10
一、UseofEnglish
1、Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyle,
oftheirown.(1)theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwas
born,Americahadnoprominent(2)ofitsown.Nooneknows
exactlywhenjazzwas(3),orbywhom.Butitbegantobe
(4)intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica,scontributionto
(5)music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,which(6)
formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfree-form.
Itbubbleswithenergy,(7)themoods,interests,and
emotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920,jazz(8)likeAmerica.
And(9)itdoestoday.The(10)ofthismusicareas
interestingasthemusic(11).AmericanNegroes,orblacks,
astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazz(12).Theywere
broughttotheSouthernstates(13)slaves.Theyweresold
toplantationownersandforcedtoworklong(14).When
aNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives(15)aprocession
tocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoften
accompaniesthe(16).Onthewaytothecemeterytheband
playedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.(17)on
thewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremoved
oneoftheir(18),butthelivingweregladtobealive.
Thebandplayed(19)music,improvisingonboththe
harmonyandthemelodyofthetunes(20)atthefuneral.
Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyform,
ofjazz.
A.At
B.In
C.By
D.On
2、⑵
A.music
B.song
C.melody
D.style
3、⑶
A.discovered
B.acted
C.designed
D.invented
4、(4)
A.noticed
B.found
C.listened
D.heard
5、(5)
A.classical
B.sacred
C.light
D.popular
6、(6)
A.forms
B.follows
C.approached
D.introduces
7、(7)
A.expressing
B.explaining
C.exposing
D.illustrating
8、(8)
A.appeared
B.felt
C.sounded
D.seemed
9、(9)
A.so
B.as
C.either
D.neither
10、(10)
A.originals
B.origins
C.discoveries
D.resources
11、(11)
A.concerned
B.itself
C.available
D.oneself
12、(12)
A.players
B.followers
C.pioneers
D.fans
13、(13)
A.for
B.by
C.with
D.as
14、(14)
A.months
B.weeks
C.hours
D.times
15、(15)
A.demonstrated
B.composed
C.formed
D.hosted
16、(16)
A.demonstration
B.procession
C.body
D.march
17、(17)
A.Even
B.Therefore
C.But
D.Furthermore
18、(18)
A.number
B.members
C.body
D.relations
19、(19)
A.sad
B.solemn
C.funeral
D.happy
20、(20)
A.whistled
B.sung
C.showed
D.presented
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions
beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)
Advertisingsellsitsproductsbyofferingseductivepromises
ofyouth,beauty,health,money,ease,romance,better
lifestyle,eventime.There'snologicalconnectionbetweena
carandacougar,buttheimageispowerfulandpresentedwith
sophistication.Webuyitandwemaywellbuytheproduct.
Whenitcomestoadvertising,letthebuyerbeware.Thereare
severalless-than-candidtechniqueswhichadvertisersuseto
getourattention.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedin
suchawaytomakeitappearbigger,better,ormoreluscious.
Aproductmaybepresentedasbeing“unique","one-of-a-kind”,
or"supreme”,wheninfactit'sidenticaltootherproductson
themarket.Aproductmayclaimtobe"new"or"improved"when
onlyaninsignificantchangehasbeenmade.
Finally,anadvertisermayofferdistortedtruthsoreventell
outrightlies.Ittakesawhileforthegovernmentorthe
competitiontocatchupwithfalseclaimsinadvertising.
Meanwhile,thepublichasbeenledtobelievethatamouthwash
cancurethecommoncold,orthatbeepollenretardsagingin
humanskin.
Theconsumer'sbestdefenseisawareness.Hecanlistento,but
notlearn,theemotionalmessagebroadcastbythead.Hecan
distinguishbetweenwhattheadpretendstoofferandwhatit
isreallyselling.Afacecream,forexample,canonlydoso
much.Itcanreducedrynessandprovidetemporarysmoothness
andmoisturetotheskin.Butitismadeinafactory,notin
amagician'sstudy.Itcannotturnbacktheclock.
Accordingtotheauthor,manyofthepromisesmadebythe
advertiserare.
A.true
B.reliable
C.nottrue
D.emotive
2、
Theauthor,sattitudetowardsadvertisingis.
A.overstated
B.favourable
C.unfavourable
D.emotional
3、
Accordingtotheauthor,consumers'bestpolicytowards
advertisingis.
A.todoubtitstruth
B.todisbelieveit
C.todistinguishbetweenwhatistrueandwhatisnottrue
D.toknowwhatproductstheadvertiserisgoingtosell
4、
Accordingtothepassage,manyofthe"new","improved”
productsare.
A.quitedifferentfromtheoldproducts
B.almostthesamewiththeformerproducts
C.insignificantproducts
D.notimportantgoods
5、
Accordingtothepassage,whichtechniqueisNOTusedby
advertiserstogetourattention?
A.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedtomakeitappear
better.
B.Aproductmaybepresentedas“unique","supreme”.
C.Aproductmayclaimtohe"new"or'improved”.
D.Aproductmaybesoldatadiscount.
6、Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?
Warisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleast
sixthousandyears.Itwasalwayswickedandusuallyfoolish,
butinthepastthehumanracemanagedto1ivewithit.Modern
ingenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwar,orwar
willabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthat
causethegravestdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemical
weaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwe
succeedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.
Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.
Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookupon
internationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforce,
inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskiIfulin
massacre,butbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreed
principlesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeage-oldmental
habits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.
Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthat
ideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeaprofound
error.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmaticassertions(i
見)whichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.
Theiradherentsbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyare
willingtogotowarinsupportofthem.
Themovementofworldopinionduringthepasttwoyearshasbeen
verylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplace
thatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficult
problemsremainintheinternationalsphere,butthespiritin
whichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassome
yearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmen
whodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiations
shouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindthese
agreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstood
thattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastand
West,butbetweenManandtheH-bomb.
Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow.
A.morewickedthaninthepast
B.aswickedasinthepast
C.lesswickedthaninthepast
D.whatpeopletrytolivewith
7、
Accordingtotheauthor.
A.itisimpossibletolivewithoutwar
B.waristheonlywaytosettleinternationaldisagreements
C.warmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive
D.warwillbeabolishedbymoderningenuity
8、
Theauthorsaysthatmodernweapons.
A.willhelpabolishwar
B.putmankindingravedanger
C.wiilgraduallybecomepartofman,slife
D.needfurtherimproving
Theauthorbelievesthattheonlywaytoabolishwaristo
A.abolishnuclearweapons
B.letthestrongersidetakeovertheworld
C.improvebacteriologicalandchemicalweapons
D.settleinternationalissuesthroughnegotiation
10、
Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat.
A.nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplace
B.internationalagreementsarenowreachedmoreandmore
easily
C.manisbeginningtorealizethatnuclearwarishisgreatest
enemy
D.worldopinionisinfavourofnuclearwar
11、Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryfor
thetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapolice
officer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.
DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwave
ofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proud
Americanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.
Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatit
is:accountability.
Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateveryperson
isresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheir
consequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,
kindness,andsoon一accountabilitymaybethemostimportant
ofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,no
law—and,ultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilitytopeople
whorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.
Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople's
behavior,arefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuch
asguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities一smallertowns,
usually一whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparents
holdupstandardsthatproclaim:"Inthisfamilycertainthings
arenottolerated一theysimplyarenotdone!”
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,
theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhas
none.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhat
hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.
Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftin
attitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,society
wasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it's
thecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhis
underprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhim
toread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoral
guidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.
Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantaged
circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.If
wefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,we
becomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneaccepts
responsibilityforanything.
WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthe
personwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.
Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.
A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceof
evil
B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothing
aboutit
C.it'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefestevil
D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
12、
Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,
A.societyistobeheldresponsible
B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit
C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame
D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
13、
Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave
A.lessself-discipline
B.bettersenseofdiscipline
C.moremutualrespet
D.Lesseffectivegovernment
14、
Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat
A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals
B.people'insmalltowns;stillsticktoolddisciplineand
standards
C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty
D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedin
criminalactivities
15、
Thekeypointofthepassageisthat.
A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsand
0---------£
J15
families
B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow
C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehaviour
D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability
16、Stinkingbuses,theirpassengerspaleandtired,jamthe
crowdedstreets.Driversshoutatoneanotherandhonktheir
horns.Smogsmartstheeyesandchokesthesenses.Thescene
isAthensatrushhour.ThecityofPlatoandPericlesisin
asorrystateofaffairs,builtwithoutaplan,lackingeven
adequateseweragefacilities,hemmedinbymountainsandthe
sea,its135squaremilescrammedwith3.7millionpeople.Even
Athens'ruinsareinruin:sulfurdioxideeatsawayatthe
marbleoftheParthenonandothertreasuresontheAcropolis.
AsGreekPremierConstantineKaramanlishassaid,“Theonly-
solutionforAthenswouldbetodemolishhalfofitandstart
alloveragain”.
Sogreathasbeenthepopulationflowtowardthecitythat
entirehinterlandvillagesstandvacantornearlyso.About
120,000peoplefromoutlyingprovincesmovetoAthensevery
year,withtheresultthat40%ofGreece'scitizenryarenow
packedintothecapital.Themigrantscomeforthefewavailable
jobs,whichareusuallynobetterthantheonestheyfled.At
0----£
上16
thecurrentrateofmigration,Athensbytheyear2000willhave
apopulationof6.5million,morethanhalfthenation.
Asidefromovercrowdingandpoorpublictransport,thebiggest
problemsconfrontingAtheniansarenoiseandpollution.A
governmentstudyconcludedthatAthenswasthenoisiestcity
intheworld.Smogisalmostatkillinglevels:180,300mgof
sulfurdioxidepercubicmeterofair,oruptofourtimesthe
levelthattheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderssafe.Nearly
halfthepollutioncomesfromcars.Despitehighpricesfor
vehiclesandfuel($2.95pergallon),nearly100,000
automobilesaresoldinGreeceeachyear;3,000driver,s
licensesareissuedinAthensmonthly.
Afterdecadesofneglect,Athensisatlastgettingsome
attention.InMarchacommitteeofrepresentativesfromall
majorpublicserviceministriesmettodiscussaplantounclog
thecity,makeitlivableandcleanupitsenvironment.A
save-Athensministry,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,will
proposeheavytaxestodiscouragein-migration,aminimumof
$5billioninpublicspendingforAthensalone,andother
projectsforthecountrysidetoencourageresidentstostayout.
Amasterplanthatwillmovemanygovernmentofficestothe
city'sfringesisalreadyintheworks.Meanwhile,moreGreeks
keepmovingintoAthens.Withfewparksandpreciousfew
oxygen-producingplants,thecityanditscitizensare
literallysuffocating.
Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestproblems
confrontingAtheniansisnoise,whichismainlycausedby
A.buildingsbeingdemolished
B.highwaysbeingrepaired
C.musicbeingplayed
D.carhornsbeingused
17、
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageabout
thecausesofovercrowdinginAthens?
A.Athens,geographicallocation.
B.Thelackoftownplanning.
C.Absenceofaccommodation.
D.Provincialmigration.
18、
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageabout
proposedsolutionstoovercrowdingproblemAthens?
A.Projectsforcountryside.
B.Restrictioninnumberofcarstobesold.
C.Movingofgovernmentoffices.
D.PublicspendingforAthens.
19、
Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneofthepossiblesolutions
toairpollutionis.
A.toencouragepeopletostayinthecountry
B.todemolishhalfofAthens
C.tobuildmoreparksinthecity
D.tokeepgovernmentofficesinthecity
20、
Theword"suffocate"probablymeans.
A.toloseone'slifebecauseoflackofair
B.tosuggest
C.tobringaclaiminlaw
D.tobesatisfied
21、PartB(10points)
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For
Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、
B、C、D、E>F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.
Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe
gaps.(10points)
ThetemperatureoftheSunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitat
thesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16million
degreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarth
thatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthe
coreoftheSun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegases
that,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolid
core.(41).
SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofive
layersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdowninto
theSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,
convectionzone,andfinallythecore.(42).Butsince
theSunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwherethe
atmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins.
(43).ThisistheonlypartoftheSunthatcanbeseen
duringaneclipsesuchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyother
time,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsare
usedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareoftheSun's
rays.
(44).Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduring
aneclipse.Thecorona,sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthat
haswispyspike1ikeraysneartheSun'snorthandsouthpoles.
ThecoronaisthickestattheSun'sequator.
Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardat
tremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2
milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutasthey
reachthespacearoundtheplanets.(45).
A.BythetimetheSun'scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyare
weakandinvisible.
B.TheSun'soutermostlayerbeingsabout10,000milesabove
thevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.
C.Ifapersonweretostandonthesun'scoronatheywouldn't
burn,theywouldfreezeinthenearvacuumofthecorona.
D.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,about
asbrightasthefullMoon.
E.ThefirstthreezonesareregardedastheSun'satmosphere.
F.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenteroftheSun
canneverbedirectlyobserved.
G.YoucanprobablyguessthattheSunisveryhot,compared
withfamiliarthingsontheEarth.
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、
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