高三英語二輪復習外刊閱讀熱點話題培優(yōu)練2：生態(tài)文明

外刊閱讀熱點話題培優(yōu)練2生態(tài)文明Ⅰ.閱讀理解AsayounggirlgrowingupinFrance,SarahToumidreamedofbecomingaleaderwhocouldmaketheworldabetterplace.Herpassiontohelpotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.Theresheorganizedhomeworkclubsandactivitiesforchildren.Toumiwitnessedfirst－h(huán)andthedestructiveeffectofdesertification.“Within10yearsrichfarmersbecameworseoff,andin10yearsfromnowtheywillbepoor.IwantedtostoptheSaharaDesertinitstracks.”Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughts(干旱)haveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.Toumirecognizedthatfarmingpracticesneededtochange.Sheisconfidentthatsmalllandareascanbringlargereturnsiffarmersareabletoadaptbyplantingsustainablecrops,usingnewtechnologiesforwatertreatmentandfocusingonnaturalproductsandfertilisers(肥料)ratherthanchemicals.In2012,Toumiconsolidatedherdreamtofightthedesert.ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogrammenamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction.“Iwanttoshowyoungpeopleinruralareasthattheycancreateopportunitieswheretheyare.Nobodyisbetterabletounderstandtheimpactofdesertificationandclimatechangethansomebodywhoislivingwithnoaccesstowater.”BySeptember2016,morethan130，000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.Sheexpectstoplant1milliontreesby2018.Inthenextcoupleofyears,ToumihopestoextendtheprogrammetoAlgeriaandMorocco.1.HowdidToumi’sholidaytripstoTunisiainfluenceher?A.Theymadeherdecidetoleavethecountry.B.Theyhelpedherbetterunderstandherfather.C.Theyfiredherenthusiasmforhelpingothers.D.Theydestroyedherdreamofbeingateacher.2.WhatisthemaincauseofthedesertificationofTunisia’sfarmland?A.Lowrainfall. B.Soilpollution.C.Coldweather. D.Forestdamage.3.WhydidToumisetupAcaciasforAllinTunisia?A.Tocreatejobopportunitiesforyoungpeople.B.Tohelpthechildrenobtainabasiceducation.C.Topersuadethefarmersnottousefertilizers.D.Tofacilitatetheprotectionoftheirfarmland.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SavingWaterinTunisiaB.PlantingTreesofNativeSpeciesC.HoldingbacktheSaharaD.FightingPovertyinNorthAfricaParksarethebeatingheartsofcities,providingcrucialenvironmentsforwildlifeofmanysizesaswellasareasofrestandrecreationforlocalcitizens.Accessibleviapublictransport,andlocatednearauniversity,astadiumandtheNationalLibrary,Warsaw’sPoleMokotowskieParkprovidesgreenspaceformanypeople.OneoftheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’s(IUCN)fivepathwaystotransformativechangeforwatermanagementistorestorespeciespopulation,ecosystemsandthebenefitsthatnatureprovidesforpeoplebyusingeachcity’sadvantage.Asmoreurbancentresseeknewwaystounitegreeneryintothebuiltenvironment,projectsofallsizesandstagesaddtoessentialcorridorsandstoppingpointsforarangeofwildlife.TaskedwithimprovingWarsaw’sPoleMokotowskiePark’snaturalsustainability,architecturecompanyWXCAlookedatwaysofenhancingtheelementsthatwerealreadyinplacetobettersupportwildlife.Oneofthemostvisiblemeanswastheremovalofthousandsofsquaremetresofconcrete(混凝土).Removingconcreteinandaroundpondsandotherwaterwaysallowsthecity’sfeaturestoshapethemselvesnaturally,inreactiontoboththesurroundingenvironmentandtheweather.Doingsocansupportbiodiversitybyremovingartificialconstraintsandflows.Morethan13，000squaremetresofconcretehasalreadybeenremoved,withmoreremovalplannedoverthenextyear.Forthehumanusersofthepark,thedesignerscreatededucation，activity,andartspaces.TheGrandSalon,agrasslandsurroundedbytrees，isforlargepublicgatherings,andahandfulofpavilions(亭)scatteredthroughoutthespaceprovidevisiblemeansofmonitoringthequalityoftheairandwater.Theyalsocontributetothepark’secosystemthroughrainwaterharvesting.Asthetemperatureconsistentlyrises,cityplannersareusingtheleavesandbranchesoftheplantsandmixedusedesignstoreduceheatislands,improveairqualityandpreventurbanrunoff.5.WhatdoweknowaboutWarsaw’sPoleMokotowskiePark?A.Itcreatesanewwaytothecity’scenter.B.Itservesdifferentcommunitygroups.C.Itremindsthepublictoprotecttheenvironment.D.Itshowsthelocalsarelivinghappily.6.Whataretheprojectsinparagraph2intendedfor?A.Providingstagestoshowoffcreativity.B.Takingadvantageofthecity’sresources.C.Encouragingpeopletogetclosetonature.D.Supplyingvariouswildlifewithmoreroom.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“constraints”inparagraph3mean?A.Limits. B.Factors.C.Methods. D.Damages.8.Howdothepavilionshelptheecosystem?A.Byofferingsomeshelters.B.Bycollectingrainwater.C.Bymonitoringtheairquality.D.Byreducingthehightemperature.Ⅱ.完形填空IgrewuponauniversitycampusineasternNigeria.Iwasa(n)__1__reader,andwhatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks.IbegantowritewhenIwasseven.IwroteexactlythekindsofstoriesIwasreading:Allmy__2__werewhiteandblue－eyed.Theyplayedinthesnow.Theyateapples,andtheytalkedalotaboutthe__3__andhowlovelyitwasthatthesunhad__4__.Whatthisdemonstratesishow__5__wecanbeinfluencedbywhatweread,particularlyaschildren.BecauseallIhadreadwereforeignbooks,Ihadbecome__6__thatbookshadtohave__7__inthemandhadtobeaboutthingswithwhichIcouldnotpersonallyidentify.Things__8__whenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.Thereweren’tmanyofthemavailable,andtheyweren’tquiteaseasyto__9__astheforeignbooks.But__10__writerslikeChinuaAchebeandCamaraLayeIwentthroughamental__11__inmyviewofliterature.I__12__thatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalso__13__inliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsIrecognized.Whatthe__14__ofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:Itsavedmefromhavinga__15__storyofwhatbooksare.1.A.early B.aimlessC.careful D.poor2.A.instructors B.neighborsC.friends D.characters3.A.snow B.fruitC.cuisine D.weather4.A.disappeared B.setC.comeout D.gonedown5.A.briefly B.regularlyC.scarcely D.easily6.A.convinced B.puzzledC.concerned D.satisfied7.A.heroes B.foreignersC.Africans D.children8.A.remained B.changedC.worsened D.worked9.A.read B.understandC.find D.keep10.A.inspiteof B.onbehalfofC.becauseof D.insteadof11.A.confusion B.shiftC.block D.activity12.A.realized B.suspectedC.claimed D.forgot13.A.take B.existC.believe D.major14.A.discovery B.popularityC.imagination D.analysis15.A.classic B.remarkableC.whole D.singleA篇Para.1：awakenv.喚起，被喚起；(使)醒來Para.2：destructiveadj.毀滅性的estimatedadj.估計的be/becomeworseoff(比以前或其他人)更窮，更不愉快，更差Para.4：consolidatev.使鞏固，使加強；(使)結(jié)成一體，合并oaction(把計劃、建議等)付諸；實施B篇Para.1：crucialadj.至關重要的；關鍵性的recreationn.娛樂accessibleadj.可進入的；可到達的；可使用的Para.2：seekv.尋找；謀求essentialadj.必不可少的；根本的Para.3：sustainabilityn.可持續(xù)性enhancev.提高；增強biodiversityn.生物多樣性Para.4：ahandfulof少量的參考答案Ⅰ.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述的是小時候SarahToumi和父親去突尼斯度假，發(fā)現(xiàn)當?shù)剞r(nóng)田荒漠化很嚴重，后來她成立AcaciasforAll，想通過種植金合歡樹來保護突尼斯的農(nóng)田，并且初見成效。1.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Herpassiontohelpothers...intheeastofthecountryduringholidays”可知，當她陪著她的父親在假期去他在該國東部的出生地時，她幫助他人的熱情被喚醒了。故C項“它們激起了她幫助他人的熱情”正確。]2.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Adecreaseinaveragerainfall...75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification”可知，平均降雨量的減少和干旱嚴重程度的增加導致突尼斯大約75%的農(nóng)業(yè)用地受到荒漠化的威脅。故A項正確。]3.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“In2012，Toumiconsolidatedherdream...puthersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction”可知，2012年，Toumi鞏固了她對抗沙漠的夢想，她搬到突尼斯，創(chuàng)立AcaciasforAll是為了將自己的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)理念付諸行動，目的是促進農(nóng)田保護。故D項正確。]4.C[標題歸納題。首段介紹Toumi陪同父親到了突尼斯，幫助他人的熱情被喚醒了。根據(jù)第二段中“IwantedtostoptheSaharaDesertinitstracks”可知，Toumi想試圖阻止撒哈拉沙漠的繼續(xù)惡化，接下來就開始介紹Toumi搬到突尼斯，并創(chuàng)立AcaciasforAll，想通過種植植物來保護當?shù)剞r(nóng)田，并且取得初步成效。故C選項“HoldingbacktheSahara”最適合作本文標題。]【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了城市公園的重要性，介紹了華沙PoleMokotowskie公園通過拆除混凝土來提高其自然可持續(xù)性的情況。5.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...locatednearauniversity，astadiumandtheNationalLibrary，Warsaw’sPoleMokotowskieParkprovidesgreenspaceformanypeople.”可知，這個公園服務不同的群體。]6.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的projectsofallsizesandstagesaddtoessentialcorridorsandstoppingpointsforarangeofwildlife可知，這些項目為各種各樣的野生動物增加了必要的走廊和停留點，也就是說，這些項目為各種各樣的野生動物提供了更多的空間。]7.A[詞義猜測題。上文提到“Removingconcreteinandaroundpondsandotherwaterwaysallowsthecity’sfeaturestoshapethemselvesnaturally...”由此推知，混凝土會限制城市特征的自然形成。故猜測，removingartificialconstraints指的是去除人為的“限制”。]8.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyalsocontributetothepark’secosystemthroughrainwaterharvesting.”可知，這些亭子通過收集雨水來助力公園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。]Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。作者在尼日利亞東部的一個大學校園里長大。從小，她就開始閱讀英美兒童書籍。當作者開始閱讀非洲書籍時，情況發(fā)生了改變。像ChinuaAchebe這樣的作家讓作者意識到有色人種也可以存在于文學作品中且書籍不是只能寫單一的故事。1.A[根據(jù)下文中的“IbegantowritewhenIwasseven”可以推知，作者很早(early)就開始閱讀英美兒童書籍了。aimless“沒有方向的，無目標的，無計劃的”。]2.D[根據(jù)上文中的“whatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks”和下文中的“whiteandblue－eyed”可知，此處講的是作者寫的書中的人物(characters)。instructor“教練，導師”。]3.D[根據(jù)上文中的“whatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks”、下文中的“thesun”及英國人和美國人喜歡談論天氣的常識可推斷，作者書中的人物應該經(jīng)常談論天氣(weather)。cuisine“烹飪，風味，飯菜，菜肴”。]4.C[根據(jù)語境和常識可知，太陽出來(comeout)會讓人覺得很愉快。godown“(價格、水平或數(shù)量等)下降，(太陽)下山”。]5.D[根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容和語境可知，此處表示