2023年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)考真題及參考答案

2012年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

試卷一(Paperone)

Part1ListeningComprehension(30%)

SectionA

DirgdUns：Inthissectionyvumilhearfifteenshortconversationsbetweenhiospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,youiri//hem-aquestionaboutwhatissaidThequestion

milbereadonlyonce.Ajieryvuhearthequestion,readtheJdiirchoicesmarkedA.B.

CandD.ChoosethebestansyierandmarktheletterofwurchoiceontheANSWER

SHEET。

Listentothefollowingexample.

Youwillheai,:

Woman:Ifellfaint.

Man:NowonderYouhaven'thadabiteallday.

Question:Whafstliematterwiththewoman?

Youwillread:

A.Sheissick.B.Sheisbittenbyanant.

C.Sheishiuigiy.D.Shespilledherpaint.

HereCistherightanswer.

SampleAiiswei-

AB?D

Nowlet'sbeginwitliquestionniunber1.

1.A.Thewoman'sconditioniscritical.

B.Thewomanhasbeenpickingupquitewell.

C.Thewoman'sillnesswascausedbyamosquitobite.

D.Thewomanwon'tseethedoctoranymoie.

2.A.Abrokenfinger.B.Aterriblecough.

C.Frontalheadaches.D.Eyeproblem.

3.A.Sheneedsaphysicalexamination.B.Sheisingoodhealth.

C.It'sgoodtohaveadoctorfriend.D.It'sgoodtovisittliedoctor.

4.A.Heprefeistotakepillstogetantioxidants.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfionifood.

C.Hedoesn'tmindeatingaloteveiyday.

D.Heisoveicautioussometimes.

5.A.Theblouseisabargain.B.Theblouseistooexpensive.

C.Ilieblouseiscoloilul.D.Hieblouseissotashionable.

6.A.Toqueueforaticket.B.Totakeman'soffer.

C.Tobiiyaticketonline.D.Totiyanagency.

7.A.Shedisagreeswitlitlieman.

B.Shecouldn'tagreewitlithemanmore.

C.It'shaidforthemtofillfilltheirplans.

D.It'simpossibletogetmoneyfromtheGatesFoundation.

8.A.Oneminute.B.Fifteenminutes.

C.Halfanhour.D.Fiveminutes.

9.A.Sheisfreezingcold.B.Sheiscrazyabouticecream.

C.Shehasaheadache.D.Shehasbi-ain色ver.

10.A.Shecan'twaitfordiemail.B.Sheisveiyeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwithdieman.D.Sheexpectstliemantostay.

11.A.Acold.B.Aheadache.

C.Ahoarsevoice.D.Insomnia.

12.A.TogotoSusanfbradvice.B.TotiytotliinklikeSusan.

C.TobreakupwitliSusan.D.TohaveadatewitliSusan.

13.A.Shewillbecomeafamoussingersoon.B.ShewillbecomeanAmericanidol.

C.Shewillsignupforatalentshow.D.Shewillsinelystandoutfromtliecrowd.

14.A.Totakeamontlioffwork.B.Torestinbedasmuchaspossible.

C.Totakesaneherbalmedicine.D.Toputoilplaster.

15.A.TheChinesefacecream.B.TheAmericanlacecream.

C.TlieFrenchoerfume.D.Themedication.

SectionB

DinctUns:InthissectionyouMillItesthreepassages.Aftereachone.youwill展arfive

questions.AftereachcpiestionreadtliefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,BfCandD.

ChoosethebestcomverandmarktheletterofyotirchoiceontheANSWERSHEET,

PassageOne

16.A.Whitebloodcellcount.B.Redbloodcellcount.

C.X-ray.D.ECG.

17.A.Toomuchworktodo.B.Aheavyloadofstudying.

C.Herdaughter'ssickness.D.Herinsufficientincome.

18.A.Leukemia.B.Gastiiculcer.

C.Imnnmedisease.D.Gastricinfluenza.

19.A.Taketliewhitetabletstlueetimesaday.B.Taketliechaicoaltabletstlueetimesaday

C.Takeoneortwowhitetabletsatatime.D.Takehvochaicoaltabletsaday.

20.A.Stayoffwork.B.Driiikplentyofliquids.

C.Eatalotofvegetablesandfruit.D.Postponeyourexercisewhensick.

PaisageTwo

21.A.35millioii.B.34million.C.25million.D.20iiiillion.

22.A.Author,professoranddieainerB.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

23.A.Sleepingin8-hoiirconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoiwsleepwithawakingbreak.

24.A.Becausetlieyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetlieyaieinsensitive.

D.Becausetlieycan'tcoinplain.

25.A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sie叩inglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoiusaday.

PassageThree

26.A.Eight-year-olds.B.Twelve-yeai-olds.

C.Seventeen-yeai-olds.D.Adults.

27.A.TheuseoffMRI.B.Theuseofcomputei,tasks.

C.Thetliree-waydivisionofdiesubjects.D.Theinstiuctionsgiventodiesubjects.

28.A.12-yeai-oldsrespondstionglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfiinctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfiinctionalmosttliesameasadults.

D.12-yeai-oldsfiinctionalmosttliesameasadults.

29.A.Notbad.B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.D.Gotitwrongthistime.

30.A.Scientists.B.Thegenaalpublic.

C.Teacheisattliekindergarten.D.ChildrenwitliAttentionDeficitDisorder

PartIIVocabulary(10%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissectionallthestaienientsareincomplete,beneatheachofwhichtherearefotw

wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CD.Choosethewordorp!vasethatcanbest

completethestatementajidmarktheletterofyvurchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

31.Herdieticiansuggestedthatdietandmoderateexercisewouldhelpherrecoversoon.

A.tempdateB.tanpoiaiyC.tentativeD.tempting

32.Hishealthcompelshimtoinhisearly30s.

A.comeoffB.knockoffC.dropoffD.pulloff

33.Twodayslaterheregainedhisconsciousness,forgetfiilofwhathadhappenedintlie

A.tianspaiencyB.tiansieiicyC.tranceD.tiace

34.Despitefinancialbelt-tighteningthisyear,Christmasstillrepresentsagreattimefor____

A.anoganceB.suiveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence

35.Asuccessionofvisitsbythetwocountries'leadeishavetakentlieirrelationsoutof

thecooleroverthepast20months.

36.Theprimeminister,besetbysupportrate,madetliedecisiontoresignovertlie

weekendtoavoidapoliticalvacuum.

A.spontaneaisB.stienuousC.soaringD.sluggish,

37.BeijingToiuisinBureauhasreleasedalistoftranslationsfor2,753dishesanddrinks

topublicopinions.

A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate

38.Thegreatestriskfwricketsisinbreastfedinfantswhoarenotsupplanentedwith400

IUofVitaminDaday.

A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately

39.Thegovenuneiitisspendinghundredsofbillionsextendingtlieelectiicitytoeveiy

remotevillagefbrtheimprovenieiitoffaiiners1livelihoods.

A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur

40.Socialscientistsbelievetliatsocietieswithaofyoungmenwitliouthopeof

maniagesufferfiominstability,violaiceandsurgesincrime.

A.swannageB.hatchC.gangD.sinplus

SectionB

DinctUnxhithissectionyvueachofthefollowingsentenceshasayvordorp/uaseunderlined

beneathwhicharefourwordsorphrases"larkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordor

phraseviiicharebestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfor

theunderlntedpart.Thenmcu-ktheletterof)viu-choiceontheANSWERSHEET.

41.She,acrazyfail,feltatingleofexcitementattliesiglitofMichaelJacksoil.

A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack

42.Shecouldnevertranscendherresentmentsagainsthermotlia'spaitialityforherbrother.

A.disciplineB.complainC.conquerD.defy

43.Onecouldneitliertriflewithateirorofthiskind,norcompromisewitliit.

A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate

44.Inlightofhisgoodrecord,thepoliceaccepteddefense.

A.InplaceofB.InviewofC.InspiteofD.Insearchof

45.Cityofficialsstatedthatworkerswholiedontlieiremploymentapplicationsmaybe

tenninaled.

A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended

46.AnoutbreakofswinefluoutsideofMexicoCitywasblamedforthedeatlisofmorethana

hundredpeopleinApril2009.

A.attachedtoB.ascribedtoC.composedofD.relatedto

47.Whenaforestgoesablaze,itdischargeshundredsofchemicalcompoiuids,includingcarbon

monoxide.

A.putsoutB.passesoffC.pullsoutD.sendsout

48.Unfortunately,thebridgeunderconstructionclaspedintlieearthquake,sotheyhadtodothe

wholetilingagain-on】scratch.

A.fromtliebegiimingB.fromnowon

C.fiointimetotimeD.fromthebottom

49.IdenticaltwinsisteishaveledBritishscientiststoabreakthroughinleukemiareseaichthat

promisesmoreeffectivetherapieswitlifewei'harmfulside-effects.

A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensuies

50.Radicaleiiviromnentalistshaveblamedpolhitaiitsandsyntlieticchemicalsinpesticidesfor

thedisruptionofhumanhonnoiies.

A.distinbanceB.distiactionC.intersectionD.interpretation

PartIIICloze(10%)

DinctUtts：InthissectionthereispassagewithtennuniberedblankedForeachblank,thereare

choicesmarkedA,B,CandDlistedbelowthepassage.Choosethebestanswerand

niat'ktheletterof)oio-choiceoniheANSWERSHEET.

DearDr.Benjamin,

CongratulationsonyournominationasUnitedStatesSurgeonGeneral.Basedonyour

extraordinarycareerandyourconunitinentto51healtlidisparitiesamongunderserved

populations,nodoubtyourtenurewillbemaikedbygreatprogresstowardthegoalofimproved

healtlifbrallAmericans.

EachUnitedStatesSurgeonGeneralhastheimiqueopportunitytocreatehisorherown

lastinglegacy.Dr.Koopfocusedonsmokingprevention.Dr.Satcheroneof52mentors.

releasedthefirstcomprehensivereportonmentalhealtli.Weencourageyoutobuildyourown

legacy53conceptofpreventiontluoughhealtliylifestyles-alegacythatisbothsustainable

andcost-eflective.ThisalsoisanimpoitaiitissueforMembersofCongress,manyofwhom

believetliat54preventionandwellnessinitiativeswillbringdowncostsandhelppeople

leadhealthierlives.TheAmaicanCollegeofSportsMedicine(ACSM)wouldbehonoredto

paitnerwithyouonsuchaninitiative.

ACSM,thelargestspoilsmedicineandexercisescienceorganizationintheworld.55

readytoworkwitliyoutoincreasehealtliybeliaviors-especiallypliysicalactivity-tluoiighouttlie

lifespan.Duringtliisciucialpeiiodofhealtlisystemrefbnn,we'vebeenadvocatingforstrategies

thatsupportpreventivemedicinenotjustthroughdiagnostictesting,56promotinghealtliy,

activebehaviorsthatallAmaicanscanachieveatlittleornocost.

Infact,ACSMalreadyhasaworkingagreementwitlitheSiugeonGeneraFsoffice,focused

onaseriesofhealtliy-lifestylepublicseiviceaiinoimceineiitsforourExerciseIsMedicineTM

program,aprogramtliat57callsondoctorstoencouragetheirpatientstoincaporate

physicalactivityandexeiciseintotheirdailyroutine.Asyouare58aware,pliysicalactivity

canpreventandtieatahostofchronicconditions-suchasheaitdisease,typeIIdiabetes,and

obesity-thatcuireiitlyplagueourconntiy.Yourexampleas59whosefamilyhassuffeied

fiompreventablediseaseandwhodemonstrateshealtliylifestylescanbepoweiiiilindeed.

Anytimeeitlierbeforeorafteryourappointmentiscoiifinned,wewould60the

opportunitytomeetwitliyouandyourstafftodiscusshowwe,alongwithotherleadinghealtli

organizations,canenhancethepreventionparadigmthroughphysicalactivity.

Again,Dr,Benjamin,Iextendourdeepestcongratulationsandbestwishes.

Sinceiely,

JamesPivainik,Ph.D.,FACSM

President,AineiicanCollegeofSportsMedicine

51.A.handleB.eliminateC.achievingD.addiessiiig

52.A.hisownB.ourownC.yoiwownD.herown

53.A.aroundB.aboveC.atD.across

54.A.promotedB.promotingC.havingbeenpromotingD.havingbeenpromoted

55.A.putB.gotC.sitsD.stands

56.A.butforB.buttliatC.butbyD.butalso

57.A.arguablyB.excessivelyC.specificallyD.exceptionally

58.A.wellB.betterC.theveryD.themost

59.A.thoseB.oneC.thisD.it

60.A.greetB.welcomeC.deserveD.celebrate

PartIVReadingComprehension(30%)

DirMtUMS：Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyJivequestions.For

eachquestionthefearefourchoicesmai'kedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestcumrer

andmarktheletterofyourchoiceOHtheANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne-

Astliedefiningepidemicofamodemagenotableforoverconsumptionandexcess,obesity

ishaidtobeat.Theincreasedavailabilityofhigh-fat,high-sugai'foods,alongwithmoresedentaiy

lifestyles,hashelpedpushtlienumberofobesepeopleworldwidetobeyond400million,andthe

numberofovenveighttomorethan1.6billion.By2015,thosefiguresarelikelytogrowto700

millionand2.3billionrespectively,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Giventhehealtli

implications-increasednskofheartdisease,stroke,diabetesandsomecancers-anytilingthat

helpspeopleavoidpilingonthepoundsmustbeagoodtiling,right?

Thosewhoagreewillnodoubtwelcomethegrowingsuccessofresearchersstiivingto

develop"dietpills*1thatprovideatechnicalfixfortlioseincapableoflosingweightanyotherway.

LastweekastudypublishedinTheLancetshowedthattesofensine,whichworksbyinducinga

senseoffiillness,istwiceaseffectiveasanyotlierdiugatenablingpatientstoloseweight.

Thereisnoquestionthatadvancessuchastliisaregoodnewsfbrthosewithastrong

geneticpredispositiontoobesity.Butfortlierestofusitisdangeroustoseetieatmeiitasamore

effectivesolutionthanprevention.Thereareseveralreasonsfbrthis.Forastart,thetraditional

waysofmaintainingasafeweight,suchaslimitingwhatyoueat.increaseconsumptionoffinit

andvegetablesandtakingmoreexercise,arebeneficialforourhealthinmanyways.

Second,oveiindulgenceinfattyfoodshasimplicationsfortheentireplanet.Considertlie

deleteriousenvironmentaleffectsoftlierisingdemandfbrmeat.Asdemonstratedinourspecial

issueoneconomicgrowth,technologicalfixeswillnotcompensatefbrexcessiveconsumption.

Third,inteiieringwitlithebraincircuitsthatcontiolthedesireforfoodcanhaveanimpacton

othei-aspectsofaperson'spersonalityandtheirmentalandphysicalhealth.

Weneedtwoapproaches:moreresearchintothegeneticsofobesitytounderstandwhy

somepeopleaiemoresusceptible,andgreatereffortstohelppeopleavoideatingtlieirwaytoan

eailydeath.Cynicswillsaywe'vetriededucationandithasn'tworked.Tliatisdefeatist:getting

peopletochangetlieirbehaviortakestimeandeffort,heldbackaswearebyourbiological

tendencytoeatmorethanweneed,andbytliefoodindustry'sruthlessoppotlimisininexploiting

tliat.

Drugswillbethesavingofafew-asalastresort.Buttheglobalobesityproblemisoneof

lifestyle,andthesolutionmustbetoo.

61.Inthefirstparagraphallthefiguressurroundingobesityreflect

A.acloselinkbetweengiowiiigobeseanddevelopingdisease

B.theinevitablediseasesofmodemcivilization

C.tliewaragainsttlieepidemicwehavelost

D.theurgencyoftheglobalphenomenon

62.Whenitcomestotlierecentlyreporteddietpills,tlieauthorwouldsaytliat

A.dragsarenoreplacementofprevention

B.thetechnicaladvanceisnotnecessarilygoodnews

C.tlietechnicalfixdoeshelpreversetlieobesityepidemic

D.tliemechanismoftesofeiisinestillremainstobeverified

63.Whichofthefollowingcanberefeiredtoastheenvironmentalpeispectiveoftheauthor's

argument?

頻）

A.Belittlinggoodhealthbehavior.

B.Imposingaheavyburdenonourplanet.

C.Makingtioublefbroiirsocialenvironment.

D.Havingimplicationsfoi*mentalandphysicalhealtli

64.Theautlioraiguestliatwemakegreatei,effortstohelppeoplefiglitagainst

A.tlieirbiologicalovereatinstendencyandaasressivelvmaiketedfoods

B.thedevelopmentofdietpillsasatechnicalfixforobesity

C.tlieirexcusesfortheirgeneticsusceptibilitytoobesity

D.tliedefeatismprevailinghitliegeneralpopulations

65.Whichofthefollowingcanbetliebesttitlefortliepassage?

A.NoQuickFixB.DiseaseofCivilization

C.PursuingaTechnicalFixD.AWaronGlobalObesity

PassageTwo

AnabandonedaiifieldnearafbnnerNaziconcentrationtrampmaysoonfeaturepagodas

andTaiChiparks.A$700millionprojectaimstogiveGermanyitsownChinatown22milesnorth

ofBerlinintlietownofOranienburg,housing2,000residentsby2010.

TheinvestwgroupbehindtlieschemehopestlienewCliinatownwillattracttouristsand

businesstorivalthefamedChinatownsofSanFranciscoandNewYorkbydeliveringan

"authenticChineseexperience.""YoullbeabletoexpeiienceChina,gooutforaChinesemeal,

andbuyCliinesegoods,"saysStefanKunigam,managingdirectorofBandenburg-China

-Project-ManagementGmbH.

TheprojecthasattiactedinvestorsinbotliGamanyandChina,reportsCliristophLangof

Beilin'sTradeandIndustiypromotionOffice.MChineseinvestorshavealreadyaskedifwehavea

Chinatownhere."Hesays."Thecultwalenvironmentisveryimpoitantfortliein.Youcaimotbuild

asyntheticChinatown.”

Gennaiiyishometoabout72.000Chinesemigiants(2002FederalStatisticalOfficefigures),

buttliecountryhasnothadaCliinatownsincetheearly1930sinHamburg,whenmostoftlie

city's2,000ChineseresidentsfledorwereanestedbytheNazis.

German'smore-receiithistoryvvitlianti-foreignerextremismremainsaproblemevenwitliin

thegoveminent,reportsDeutscheWelle(DW),Germany'sinternationalbroadcaster.DWnotes

thatNationalDemocraticPartylawmakerHolgerApfePsxenophobic(距附9)commentsabout

"state-subsidizedOrientalniega-fainilies"atfirstwentlargelyimcriticized.

“EveryfourthGennanharborsanti-foreignersentiments,"DWquotesMiriamGruss,aFree

DemocraticPartyparliamentarian."Right-wingextiemismiscleailyrootedinthemiddleof

society.Itsnotaminorphenomenon."TheGainangovenuneiitinitiatedaspecialyoutlifor

Democracyand

ToleranceprograminJaiiuaiy2007aspartofitstoleiance-buildiiigefforts.

WliileitisnotclearhowmanyChinesemigiantswillultimatelysettleintlienewGennaii

Chinatown,developei-shopetlieprojectwillincreaseGermans'understandingforChinaand

Chineseculture.

66.Ifsetup,accordingtothepassage,thenewGennanChinatownwillprobablybe

A.arivaltotheClunatownsofSanFranciscoandNewYork

B.mainlymadeofpagodasandTaiChiparks

C.locatedinthenorthsuburbsofBerlin

D.thebiggestoneinGermany

67.WhenhesaystliatyoucaimotbuildasyntlieticChinatown,Langmeans

A.tlierealimportedgoodsmadeinChina

B.tlieauthoritativepeimissionfbrtheproject

C.tlieimportanceoftlielocationforaChinatown

D.tlieautlienticenviionmeiittoexpeiienceCliinesecultiue

68.BymentioningtliepopulationofChinesemigrantsinGermany,theautliormostprobably

meansthat_____

A.itistoolatetobuildaChinatownB.itistlieirdesiretosaveaChinatown

C.itisimportanttocreatejobsforthanD.itisnecessaiytohaveaCliinatownthere

69.Accordingtothepassage,Germananti-foreignerextieinism

A.canseedtlienewcommunitywitlihatied

B.couldbeanobstacletotlieproject

C.willabsolutelykilltlieplan

D.isgrowingfortliescheme

70.Themessagefromtlieplanisclear:

A.tobuildanewcoininunity

B.tofightagainstriglit-wingextiemism

C.topromotemoreculturalunderstanding

D.toincreaseChinese'sunderstandingofGennany

PassageThree

TheAmericanresearchuniveisityisaremarkableinstitution,longasoiuceofadmiration

andwonder.Theidyllic(田園湖9),woodedcampuses,thedivasityandenergyoftliestudent

populations,and,mostofall,thesheervolumeofpublicandprivateresoiucesavailabletonm

tliem,havemadetliemtheenvyoftlieworld.

Seenfromtlieinside,however,evaytilingisnotquitesorosy.Settingasidediehabitual

complexityofmedicalschools,whichhavesepaiatehealthcareandfinanceissues,thestiiictiireof

theseinstitutionsisstraightforwardandconsistent.Thebedrockofeachuniversityisasystemof

discipline-specificdepartments.Thestiengthoftliesedepartmentsdetenninesthesuccessand

prestigeoftlieinstitutionasawhole.

Thisstructureraisesafewobviousquestions.Oneistherelevanceoftliedepaitinent-based

stnicturetotliewayscientificreseaichisdone.

Manyarguethatinahostofareas-ranging介on】computational

biologyandmaterialssciencetophannacologyandclimatescience-muchofthemostimportant

researchisnowinterdisciplinaiyinnature.Andthereisasensethat,notwithstandingyearsof

effortstoadapttothischangebyencouraginginterdisciplinaiycollaboration,tlie

department-basedstnictureoftheuniversityisessentiallyatoddswithsuchcollaboration.

AsecondsetofissuessiiiTOtindstliealmoststaticnatureoftliedepaitmentalsystem.Ina

comitiywheremosttilingsarehiglilyfluid,thefieldscoveredbydepaitments,aswellastlie

peckingolder)betweentliein,haveremainedlargelymichangedformanyyears.As

peopleandmoneyliaveflowed,particularlyovertliepasttwentyyears,tothesouthandtlie

southwest,thestrongestUSuniversitiesanddq)artnieiitsremainembeddedindienortheastandin

California.LeaguetablesdrawnupbytlieNationalAcademyofSciencesandothersshowlittle

movementintliispeckingorder,evenoverseveialdecades.

Another,pediapsmorecontentious,issueconcernstlierelevanceofthemodemreseaich

miiveisitytothecommunityitserves.Theestablishedmodel,whateverelseitsstrengthsand

weaknesses,reflectsthedesireofthemiddleclassesforundergraduatetiainingtliatprepaiestlieir

offspringforastablecareer.Blithowdoesitserveasocietyinwhichpeoplemayhavetoretrain

andrecreatetheircareersthroughouttheiradultlives?

71.ThepassagebeginswitlitliepresentationoftheAmericanresearchunivasity

A.inauniquewayB.inajealoustone

C.intlieeyesofoutsidersD.outofpersonaladmiration

72.ThetraditionalmodeloftlieUSresearchuniversity

A.deteimiiiestliecomplexityoftliesingle-disciplinedepartment

B.iswellestablishedwitlicompetitionamongitsdepaitinents

C.ensuresthesuccessandprestigeofeachsingled叩artinent

D.ischaracterizedbythed叩artment-basedstructiue

73.ThestructureoftheUSresearchimiveisity.tlieauthorcontends,needstobestretched_____

A.tochangethewayscientificresearchisdonealongthediscipline

B.topromoteindividualityandcreativityindoingscience

C.toaddressthecuneiitinteidisciplinaiychallenges

D.toadvancethediscipline-baseddepartment

74.Inadditiontothedepartnient-basedstmchue,thepeckingorder

A.remainsunchallengedasthenameofthegame

B.fostersunfaircompetitionattheAmericaninstitution

C.contributestoinsufficientinterdisciplinarycollaboration

D.makesunevenallocationsoffinancialresourceamongtheUSuniversities

75.Whatcanbeinfeiredfromthequestion:But