2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題四語法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換_第1頁
2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題四語法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換_第2頁
2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題四語法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換_第3頁
2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題四語法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換_第4頁
2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題四語法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換_第5頁
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第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換詞形轉(zhuǎn)換是高考語法填空的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。在解答語法填空中詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的相關(guān)題目時(shí),一要根據(jù)空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性:名詞或代詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等,動(dòng)詞作謂語與非謂語,形容詞作表語、定語,副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子;二要根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞及語境確定形容詞或副詞的比較級;三要根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾詞以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。一、思維定向——定向是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換解題攻略典例印證第一步:確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時(shí),首先要考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換;提示詞為動(dòng)詞,且該動(dòng)詞在句中既不作謂語,也不作非謂語,則要考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步:確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所充當(dāng)成分進(jìn)一步分析,最終確定正確的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換形式。[典例](2022·全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental(protect).[分析]第一步:確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。提示詞為動(dòng)詞,句子有動(dòng)詞promote且空處在environmental形容詞之后,因此空處應(yīng)為名詞,則考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步:確定轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞。分析句子成分可知,空處在形容詞environmental之后,應(yīng)用名詞。[答案]protection二、解題規(guī)則——判斷詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的4則技法技法(一)提示詞為動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為動(dòng)詞,如果既不是謂語動(dòng)詞,也不是非謂語動(dòng)詞,則考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞是轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞,則根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空格所充當(dāng)成分進(jìn)一步分析典例導(dǎo)引頭腦風(fēng)暴1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.解析:考查形容詞。空處應(yīng)填所給詞的形容詞形式,修飾名詞soup,作定語,tasty意為“美味的”。故填tasty。答案:tasty2.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.解析:考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the和空后的of可知,空處應(yīng)該填所給詞的名詞形式。此處指“兩只新的大熊貓的到來”。故填arrival。答案:arrival3.(2022·全國甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore(meaning).解析:考查形容詞。此處為“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞)”的固定結(jié)構(gòu),空處應(yīng)填所給詞的形容詞形式,故填meaningful。答案:meaningful4.(2022·浙江卷)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe(invite).解析:考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語,故填invitation。答案:invitation5.Chinahasa(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind,hesaid.解析:考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知,空處位于不定冠詞a后,應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式,故填responsibility。havearesponsibilitytodo...為固定搭配,意為“有責(zé)任去做……”。答案:responsibility6.(2023·廣東省佛山市禪城區(qū)高三模擬)Shecelebratedher(arrive)withahamburgerandfries.解析:考查名詞。句意:她用漢堡包和薯?xiàng)l慶祝她到達(dá)終點(diǎn)。此處作賓語,應(yīng)用名詞arrival,不可數(shù)。故填arrival。答案:arrival7.(2023·廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)高三校模)ThenewseriesispartofthegrowingtrendofChineseanimationturningtoancientlegendsandfolktalesfor(inspire).解析:考查名詞。句意:新系列是中國動(dòng)畫向古老傳說和民間故事尋求靈感的發(fā)展趨勢的一部分。此處應(yīng)用名詞inspiration作賓語,表示“靈感”,為不可數(shù)名詞,故填inspiration。答案:inspiration8.CometoZhangjiajietoenjoyits(amaze)naturalsceneryandbreathtakingAvatarHallelujahMountainifyouareafanofAvatarmovie!解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意可知,空處修飾名詞scenery(指物),因此應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的形容詞。故填amazing。答案:amazing9.IntheeyesoftheYipeople,fireisthesymboloflight,whichisbelievedtohavetheabilitytodriveawayinsectsandpestsandprotectthe(grow)ofcrops.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處作賓語,表示“生長”,應(yīng)用grow的名詞形式,表示抽象概念,不可數(shù)。故填growth。答案:growth10.This(achieve)marksthatChinahasreachedthefirstgreatbreakthroughonthepathtofull-scalequantumcomputing—aquantumcomputationaladvantage,alsoknownas“quantumsupremacy”.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換??仗幾髦髡Z,表示“成就”應(yīng)用名詞,this修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故填achievement。答案:achievement1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。①v.+(-able)轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。accept→acceptable可接受的adapt→adaptable能適應(yīng)的adjust→adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的afford→affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的②v.+(-ed/-ing)轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。confuse→confused感到困惑的worry→worried擔(dān)心的excite→exciting令人激動(dòng)的;令人興奮的③v.+詞綴-ive轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。impress→impressive給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意義的④v.+詞綴-ful/-less轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。doubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的thank→thankful感激的hope→hopeless不抱希望的2.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞。①v.+(-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion)轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞,表示“狀態(tài)或行為”。celebrate→celebration慶祝compete→competition比賽pollute→pollution污染educate→education教育possess→possession擁有②v.+(-ment)轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞,表示“行為或結(jié)果”。achieve→achievement成就announce→announcement宣布argue→argument爭論,論據(jù)③v.+(-er/-or)轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞,表示“人”。perform→performer表演者settle→settler移民者educate→educator教育家direct→director導(dǎo)演visit→visitor訪問者技法(二)提示詞為名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換典例導(dǎo)引頭腦風(fēng)暴1.(2023·全國甲卷)(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.解析:考查形容詞。bedifferentfrom...是固定搭配,意為“與……不同”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,(difference)fromtraditionalfables在句中作狀語,此處省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞。單詞位于句首,首字母大寫。故填Different。答案:Different2.(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.解析:考查名詞的數(shù)。wonder作名詞時(shí)意為“奇跡;奇觀”,且為可數(shù)名詞;此處泛指21世紀(jì)的建筑“奇觀”,故空處應(yīng)該用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wonders。答案:wonders3.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.解析:考查名詞的數(shù)。由本句的主語They和空后的withinternationaljournalists可知,他們接受的采訪不止一場。interview意為“采訪”,為可數(shù)名詞,空處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填interviews。答案:interviews4.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand(confidence)speakingEnglish.解析:考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞comfortable和并列連詞and可知,空處應(yīng)該填所給詞的形容詞形式。故填confident。答案:confident5.(2023·浙江卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby(space)homesandwalledgardens.解析:考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要填形容詞作定語,修飾空后的名詞homes。故填spacious“寬敞的”。答案:spacious6.(2023·浙江卷)ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryasthecapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).解析:考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:由于北京作為中國首都的悠久的歷史,幾乎每一條胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些還跟歷史事件有關(guān)。根據(jù)空前的形容詞historic可知,空處需要填名詞形式,且event為可數(shù)名詞,historic前面沒有不定冠詞,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填events。答案:events7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.解析:考查名詞的數(shù)。population在此處表示“種群”,為可數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)空前的separate“不同的;分開的”可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填populations。答案:populations8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe(human)are.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處作賓語從句中we的同位語,應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。答案:humans9.(2021·全國乙卷)Provide(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處在名詞aid之前,應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。故填financial。答案:financial10.Judgeswillchooseupto50(honour)mentionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。winners為名詞,應(yīng)用honour的形容詞形式來修飾。故填honourable。答案:honourable1.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。若提示詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞性不需要改變,此時(shí)應(yīng)考慮填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。若有以下情況時(shí)要考慮名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。(1)有數(shù)詞或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等詞修飾時(shí)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)名詞前有oneof時(shí)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)若謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則空處應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。提示詞為名詞,如果作定語修飾后面的名詞時(shí),則一般考查名詞變形容詞。注意名詞變形容詞的后綴。①n.+(-able):honour→honourable可敬的②n.+(-al):nature→natural自然的;天生的music→musical音樂的;悅耳的③n.+(-ful):colour→colourful顏色鮮艷的meaning→meaningful有意義的;重要的④n.+(-en):wood→wooden木質(zhì)的⑤n.+(-y):wealth→wealthy富有的3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞。提示詞為名詞,如果作謂語或非謂語,則一般考查名詞變動(dòng)詞。熟記名詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴①加前綴en-:courage→encourage鼓勵(lì)danger→endanger危及;使遭到危險(xiǎn)②加后綴-en:strength→strengthen加強(qiáng)③加后綴-ize:apology→apologize道歉4.名詞的所有格。提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系,應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加-'s。(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通常在詞尾加'[技法點(diǎn)金]牢記名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的6種變化形式(1)一般情況下,在詞尾直接加-s:book→books,mouth→mouths,house→houses,girl→girls。(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es:glass→glasses,box→boxes,match→matches,brush→brushes。(3)以輔音字母+(-y)結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i再加-es:city→cities,country→countries,party→parties,factory→factories。(4)以-o結(jié)尾的名詞:①常在詞尾加-s:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,photo→photos。②加-es的有:hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes。(5)以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞:①一般以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,要變f或fe為v再加-es:self→selves,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,half→halves。②少數(shù)直接加-s:roof→roofs,belief→beliefs。(6)一些不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù),如:child→children,man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet等。技法(三)提示詞為形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換典例導(dǎo)引頭腦風(fēng)暴1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketis(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.解析:考查副詞。空處修飾形容詞enough,應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式,作狀語。rarely意為“罕見;很少;不?!?。故填rarely。答案:rarely2.(2023·浙江卷)Theterm“hutong”,(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.解析:考查副詞。本句中動(dòng)詞的-ing形式“meaning...Mongolian”作定語;空處修飾非謂語動(dòng)詞meaning,所以應(yīng)用副詞,故填originally。答案:originally3.(2023·浙江卷)Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.解析:考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空前的and表示并列,連接并列表語;and前為形容詞比較級smaller,因此空處也應(yīng)用simple的比較級形式。故填simpler。答案:simpler4.(2022·全國乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.解析:考查形容詞的最高級。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the后接形容詞的最高級。句意:作為國際茶日的主要發(fā)起者、茶的發(fā)源地和最大的茶葉生產(chǎn)國,中國有責(zé)任與其他國家合作來推動(dòng)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。故填largest。答案:largest5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.解析:考查副詞??仗幮揎椫^語動(dòng)詞achieve,故用所給形容詞的副詞形式。故填eventually。答案:eventually6.(2021·浙江卷)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.解析:考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)后面的higher,fewer可知,此處也應(yīng)用形容詞比較級,故填lower。答案:lower7.(2022·湖南岳陽二檢)Theassociationalsosaidthatcustomersshouldconsume(scientific)andrationallyandresistundesirableconsumptionbehaviour.解析:考查構(gòu)詞法。該協(xié)會(huì)還表示,消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該科學(xué)合理地消費(fèi),抵制不良消費(fèi)行為??仗幣c副詞rationally并列,修飾動(dòng)詞consume,故填副詞scientifically。答案:scientifically8.(2022·廣東佛山一檢)(incredible),around1,500workersspentjustninehourscompletingtheconstructionofanewtrainstationinFujianProvince,southernChina.解析:考查構(gòu)詞法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處需用副詞作狀語,修飾后面整個(gè)句子,表示“難以置信地”;注意首字母要大寫。故填I(lǐng)ncredibly。答案:Incredibly1.形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變詞性時(shí),應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞。(2)若空處作定語、表語則應(yīng)考慮填形容詞形式。(3)若空處修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,則應(yīng)考慮填副詞形式。(4)若空處在介詞后,應(yīng)考慮名詞作賓語。2.形容詞、副詞添加詞綴變反義詞。根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系,確定句意表示否定時(shí),添加否定前綴(un-、im-、dis-等)或否定后綴(-less)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。3.形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級、最高級。(1)利用標(biāo)志詞確定比較等級。①題目中有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,than等標(biāo)志性詞匯時(shí)用比較級。②設(shè)空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in,of,among等時(shí)用最高級。③設(shè)空前有oneofthe等修飾詞時(shí),用最高級。(2)利用固定句型?!皌he+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越……,就越……”。4.利用隱含信息判斷。句中雖沒有標(biāo)志詞,但暗含比較,也需要用比較級或最高級[技法點(diǎn)金]形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則(1)以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞一般不去e,直接加-ly:immediate→immediately,brave→bravely。(2)一些以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-(l)y:true→truly,simple→simply,gentle→gently,possible→possibly。(3)“輔音字母+(-y)”結(jié)尾,改y為i,再加-ly:happy→happily,easy→easily。(4)以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加-ally:economic→economically,basic→basically。技法(四)提示詞為代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換典例導(dǎo)引頭腦風(fēng)暴1.(2022·全國乙卷)TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.解析:考查代詞。分析句子成分可知,空處應(yīng)填代詞,空后有名詞exhibition,故應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞its。答案:its2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin(I).解析:考查代詞。與前面的“itwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory”呼應(yīng),這里表示Itsuresticksinmymemory,因此空處應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞,故填mine。答案:mine3.Amongthefour,high-speedrailandonlineshoppingaren'tfromChina,butwebringtheinventionstotheworld'stoplevelwithourintelligenceandinnovation,andmake(they)China'scallingcard.解析:考查代詞。在動(dòng)詞make后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格作賓語,故填them。答案:them4.(2023·廣東省普寧一中高三考前練兵)Familieswilltakeseniorstoclimbupthemountainstoenjoythecool,refreshingairofthefall,appreciateavarietyofchrysanthemums(菊花)infullbloomandwishforlivinglong,amongotheractivitiestocheeruptheelderlyandmake(they)well-preparedforthecomingwinter.解析:考查代詞。句意:家人會(huì)帶老人去爬山,享受秋天涼爽清爽的空氣,欣賞各種盛開的菊花,祝愿長壽,還有其他活動(dòng),讓老人振作起來,為即將到來的冬天做好準(zhǔn)備。此處作動(dòng)詞的賓語,應(yīng)用賓格。故填them。答案:them5.Sherecognized(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.解析:考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處的potential是名詞,意為“潛力”,空處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,故填my。答案:my提示詞為代詞,當(dāng)句子缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時(shí),一般填代詞;確定填代詞之后,再看一下設(shè)空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語,應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的主格形式。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語,應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的賓格形式。(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語,應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞。(4)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語,且和主語是同一人時(shí),應(yīng)考慮反身代詞[技法點(diǎn)金]一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞一覽表人稱類型單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey賓格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves二、牢記代詞的句法功能1.作主語:人稱代詞主格(I、we、you、he等)。2.作賓語/表語:人稱代詞賓格(me、us、him、them、it等)、名詞性物主代詞(mine、ours、yours、its等)。3.作定語:形容詞性物主代詞(my、our、your、their等)。4.如果賓語與主語是指同一人,用反身代詞(myself、yourself、itself等)。5.填it的情況:作形式主語或形式賓語;指代前面提到的同一個(gè)事物或情況。6.that、those作替代詞,用來代替已提到的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。Test1(2023·山東省濰坊市高考模擬)Unlikemostofherfellowpostgraduates,whofoundjobsinbigcities,ZhangXiaoyang,aftergraduationfromZhejiangUniversitythreeyearsago,chosetogotoDunhuangAcademy,1.(land)ajobasanarchaeologist.Despitebeingtheworld'slargesttreasureofBuddhistart,livingconditionsinDunhuang,whichsitsintheGobiDesertinNorthwestChina'sGansuProvince,2.(be)tougherthaninChina'sbigcities.Peopleworkingherehavetobattlewithsandandwindandsufferfrom3.(lonely).Zhang,4.herlate20s,hasanintenseroutine.Assignedtwostressfultasks,shespendsmostoftheday5.(absorb)inherworldwiththeexcavationteaminTianwangtang.Atnight,shewritesacademicreportsonthediscoveriesinCave254,which6.(create)duringtheNorthernWeiDynasty(386—534).“Dunhuangisaplaceofmagic.Forthosewhoonceplannedtoworkhere7.(temporary),maybeitwillbeafewyears8.theymovetobiggercities.ButI'mtotallyfascinatedbythesiteandamazedat9.theancientpeoplelivedinthedesertaroundthen.SoIhavedecidedtostayfordecades,”saidZhangXiaoyang.HerstoryisfeaturedintheMasterofDunhuang,10.three-episodedocumentary,currentlyavailableonthestreamingsiteTencentVideo,whichhasgainedalotofattentiononline.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹的是研究生畢業(yè)后的張小楊選擇去敦煌研究院成為一名考古學(xué)家的故事,以及她在敦煌從事考古工作的感受。1.解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子已有謂語動(dòng)詞chose,且空前無連詞,所以此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞??仗幣c其邏輯主語ZhangXiaoyang之間為主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填landing。答案:landing2.解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中作謂語。根據(jù)從句中的sits以及下文中的haveto可知,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語livingconditions為復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are。故填are。答案:are3.解析:考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語。lonely的名詞形式為loneliness,該名詞為不可數(shù)名詞。故填loneliness。答案:loneliness4.解析:考查介詞。inone'slate20s為固定搭配,意為“在某人快30歲時(shí)”。故填in。答案:in5.解析:考查形容詞。beabsorbedinsth/sb為固定搭配,意為“被……吸引??;專心致志于……;全神貫注于……”。此處表示狀態(tài),所以應(yīng)用形容詞形式。故填absorbed。答案:absorbed6.解析:考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在從句中作謂語。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語duringtheNorthernWeiDynasty(386—534)可知,此處描述的是過去的事情,從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。主語which指代的是Cave254,與create之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以從句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為單數(shù)形式,be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wascreated。答案:wascreated7.解析:考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞work,temporary的副詞形式為temporarily。故填temporarily。答案:temporarily8.解析:考查狀語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為“itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before+主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一段時(shí)間后才……”。故填before。答案:before9.解析:考查賓語從句。句意:但我完全被這個(gè)地方吸引住了,也驚訝于當(dāng)時(shí)古人是如何生活在沙漠里的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句作介詞at的賓語;從句中不缺少主語和賓語,但句意不完整。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“如何”,故填how。答案:how10.解析:考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,documentary在此句中作名詞,且為可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一部三集的紀(jì)錄片”,所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞來修飾;three-episode的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。答案:aTest2(2023·遼寧沈陽統(tǒng)考一模)TheGrandCanalistheoldestandlongestman-madewaterwayintheworldwithahistoryofmorethan2,500years,1.constructionstartedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.The1,794kilometers'waterwayis22times2.lengthofthePanamaCanal.ItisagoldenwaterwaysecondonlytotheYangtzeRiverinChina.TheGrandCanalrunsfromZhejiangtoBeijing3.(pass)throughfourprovincesandtwomunicipalitiesandconnectsfivemainriversystems.Thecanal4.(function)asthebackboneoftheancientempire'sinlandcommunicationandtradingsystems.Grain,sal

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