2023年人教版中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)和練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念I(lǐng)haveabeautifulsister.Ihaveasisterwhoisbeautiful.Shelikesfriendlyteachers.Shelikesteacherswhoarefriendly.Passmethepenoverthere. Passmethepenwhichisoverthere.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。詳情見(jiàn)表：關(guān)系代詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用that既指人也指物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)which指物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)who指人主語(yǔ)whom指人賓語(yǔ)whose既指人也指物定語(yǔ)三、關(guān)系代詞的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：先行詞是人：Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.他就是那個(gè)住在隔壁的人。(that作主語(yǔ)）Theman(that)wesawjustnowisafamouswriter.我們剛才看到的那個(gè)人是一位著名的作家。(that作賓語(yǔ)）先行詞是物：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）4.whose，先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物，whose用作定語(yǔ)。例如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.（先行詞是人，whose作定語(yǔ)）Theycametothehousewhosewindowshadbeenbroken.（先行詞是物，whose作定語(yǔ)）注意：當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，which和that可互換，但下列情況只能用that：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)，只能用that。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。四、關(guān)系副詞的用法1.先行詞是時(shí)間whenwhen指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。例如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.2.先行詞是地點(diǎn)where.where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。例如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.先行詞是原因why.why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。例如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一.單項(xiàng)填空1.Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where3.Theforeigner________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tetothemeeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.that B.which C.where D.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.which B.that C.when D.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.that B.which C.when D.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.16. Isthereanyonehere

nameisBetty? Sorry,Idon'tknow. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose17. Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks

Ilikeisorangejuice. A.which B.that C.whose D.whom18. Thisisthedictionary

Mumgavemeformybirthday. A.which B.what C.whose D.whom19. Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion

youhadwithyourdadyesterday. A.what B.which C.when D.who20.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou

areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake. A.what B.who C.that D./21. Thestory

Ireadinthenewspaperwasaboutamonproblemamongteenagers. A.whose B.who C.that D.where22.Don'tthrowawaypensanderasers

youhaven'tusedup. A.where B.which C.who D.what23.I'llneverforgetthelesson

lastyear. A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearnedC.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned24.Ican'tfindthebook

mymotherboughtme. A.who B.when C.which D.what25. I'vefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces

youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays. A.where B.which C.what D.that26. LiMeiisthestudent

handwritingisthebestinourclass. A.whose B.whom C.who D.that27. Doyouknowthegirl

yoursisteroftenlooksafter? Sorry,Idon'tknowher. A.whose B.what C.which D.whom28. Istillrememberthetime

wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear. A.when B.what C.who D.which29. Thefirstthing

mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter. A.which B.that C.why D.who30. Doyoustillrememberthemovie

wesawlastweekend? A.who B.what C.that D.whom二、選詞填空(單句選詞填空)1.Theboy(which/who)washereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.2.Theboy

(who/whose)iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.BeijingHotel

(that/where)theforeignvisitorsliveisnearTian'anmenSquare.4.Theoldman(whom/that)teacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.5.I'llneverforgetthedays(when/that)IjoinedtheLeague.6.Thehouse

(that/where)weliveinisverybig.7.Isthistheplace

(what/where)yourfatheroncelived?8.Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who)losthisbike?9.Thisisthehall(which/where)welistenedtothereporttheotherday.10.Thewoman

(what/whom)youweretalkingaboutisherenow.三、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)1.我喜歡去天氣總是很涼爽的地方旅游。（詞數(shù)不限）Ilovetotraveltotheplace

.2.Ilikeasinger

(自己做曲的).(who)3.他已經(jīng)參觀了他的祖先居住的地方。He'salreadyvisited

hisancestorsli