必考點07 閱讀理解（人教版2019）（解析版）

必考點07閱讀理解題型一：詞義猜測題和細節(jié)理解題（2022·廣東·深圳科學(xué)高中高一期中）4HotelsThatWillMakeYourLifeEasierForthebusinesstravelerwhoisallaboutefficiency:Checkoutthesehotelsthatwillgetyouinandoutwithaminimumoftrouble.Whenyouarepressedfortimeonabusinesstrip,nothingcaninfuriateyoumorethanaslowhotelcheck-inprocess.Onyournexttrip,trythesehotelsthatofferaspeediercheck-inprocess.1.YotelNewYorkTheself-servicekiosks(售貨亭)atthishigh-techNewYorkhotelworkjustliketheonesyou’dseeatanairport.Therearejustfive-stepstoregisterandobtainyourcardkey.Thereisevenaroboticluggagebellboy.Youtapinthenumberofbagsyouarecarryingandsizes,thenwaitforarobotarmtoswingdownandstoreyourluggageinalocker(say,foradaytrip).Thisalsospeedsupthecheck-inprocessifthefirstthingyouneedtodo,likeme,isheadingtoaseriesofmeetings2.MarriottDetroitAirportAnotheroptionforbusinesstravelersinahurry:Marriottisrollingoutitsmobilecheck-inappto325hotelsthisyear,includingtheMarriottDetroitAirporthotel(I’vetestedtheappitselfbutnotforarealvisitquiteyet).Hereisthebasicidea:youdownloadtheiPhoneorAndroidapp.Thenightbefore,youcan“check-in”virtually.Whenyouarrive,yougetanalertthattheroomisreadyandyourkey,whichisalreadytiedtoyourreservation,iswaitingforyouatthedesk.3.HyattRegencyMinneapolisIhappenedtostayatthishotelrecentlyandlikedhowfastthekioskcheck-inworks.LiketheYotel,thekioskasksyoutoinsertyourcreditcard,similartoanairportterminal.Thewholeprocesstookaboutthreeminutes,whenIleft,Iwasequallyimpressed-withthefastcheck-out.Anagentmeetsyouinthelobbywithanipadandasksforanemailtouseforareceipt.Thebigadvantage:youneverhavetowaitinline.4.Radisson:LaCrosseTheRadissonistryingtomakethekioskprocessevenfaster.AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.Whenyougetthekiosk,youscanthebarcodetogetyourkeywithoutanyotherstepsrequired.It’ssuperfast.Youcanfindthisnewcheck-insystemattheRadissonhotelsinSaltLakeCity,Seattle,andPhoenixaswell.1．Whatdoes“infuriate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．interest B．a(chǎn)nger C．trouble D．mislead2．Whichtwohotelsoffersamobileappforcustomerstocheckin?A．YotelNewYorkandMarriottDetroitAirportB．HyattRegencyMinneapolisandRadisson:LacrosseC．MarriottDetroitAirportandHyattRegencyMinneapolisD．MarriottDetroitAirportandRadisson:Lacrosse3．Whichhotelwillsendyoureceiptbyemail?A．YotelNewYorkB．HyattRegencyMinneapolisC．Radisson:LacrosseD．MarriottDetroitAirport4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．AtYotelNewYork,arobotwillhelpyouwithallthecheck-inprocessB．Withitscheck-inapp,youmayenteryourroominMarriottwithoutakeyC．HyattRegencyMinneapolisisclosetoanairportterminal.D．ThebarcodeyoureceivefromRadissoncontributestothefastcheck-in【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了讓人們的生活更輕松的4家賓館。1．詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前半部分“Whenyouarepressedfortimeonabusinesstrip(當(dāng)你出差時間緊迫時)”以及后文“aslowhotelcheck-inprocess(緩慢的賓館登記手續(xù))”說明當(dāng)你出差時，遇到時間緊迫，但賓館登記手續(xù)卻非常的緩慢的情況，你肯定會很著急，很氣惱，從而推知劃線詞句“nothingcaninfuriateyoumorethanaslowhotelcheck-inprocess.(沒有什么比緩慢的酒店登記手續(xù)更讓你infuriate)”其中劃線詞匯應(yīng)為“使著急，讓某人發(fā)怒”的意思，選項B“激怒”與之意義最為接近。故選B項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2.MarriottDetroitAirport下列段落中“Marriottisrollingoutitsmobilecheck-inappto325hotelsthisyear,includingtheMarriottDetroitAirporthotel.(Marriott今年將向325家酒店推出手機入住應(yīng)用程序，其中包括MarriottDetroitAirport賓館)”以及4.Radisson:LaCrosse下列段落中“AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.(在一些選定的酒店，比如威斯康辛州的RadissonLacrosse酒店，你可以使用手機應(yīng)用程序注冊，然后通過電子郵件或文本接收條形碼)”可知，MarriottDetroitAirport和Radisson:Lacrosse兩家賓館提供手機應(yīng)用程序供顧客辦理入住。故選D項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3.HyattRegencyMinneapolis下列段落中“Anagentmeetsyouinthelobbywithanipadandasksforanemailtouseforareceipt.(一個代理人拿著ipad在大廳與你會面，并索要一封電子郵件用作收據(jù))”可知，HyattRegencyMinneapolis賓館會通過電子郵件發(fā)送收據(jù)。故選B項。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4.Radisson:LaCrosse下列段落中“AtafewselectedhotelsliketheRadissonLacrosseinWisconsin,youuseamobileapptoregisterandthenreceiveabarcodebyemailortext.Whenyougetthekiosk,youscanthebarcodetogetyourkeywithoutanyotherstepsrequired.It’ssuperfast.(在威斯康星州的RadissonLacrosse等一些精選酒店，你可以使用移動應(yīng)用程序注冊，然后通過電子郵件或文本接收條形碼。當(dāng)你獲得kiosk時，你可以掃描條形碼來獲得鑰匙，而不需要任何其他步驟。這超級快)”可知，你從Radisson收到的條形碼有助于快速辦理入住手續(xù)。故選D項。解題技巧：1.詞義猜測題涉及語篇的方方面面,大到題材背景、段落布局、文章主旨,小到作者的觀點態(tài)度和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等。無論是直接的詞義猜測題,還是文章中需要理解的生詞,考生都可以利用構(gòu)詞法、同義近義詞、反義詞、邏輯關(guān)系、定義和解釋、例證、同等關(guān)系及生活常識和文化背景等方法猜出單詞或短語的意思。詞義猜測題體現(xiàn)了高考對考生的文化品格要求越來越高,考生需要掌握一些行之有效的方法。利用“構(gòu)詞法”猜詞利用“語境”猜詞利用“邏輯”猜詞：同義關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系利用“指代”猜詞：代詞one，it,that等可以指代上文提到的人或事物利用“定義”或“復(fù)述”猜詞：“定義”:生詞往往出現(xiàn)在前面,定義或解釋往往跟在生詞的后面,由or或破折號引出。“復(fù)述”:用不同的詞語重復(fù)表達同一內(nèi)容。2.細節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)的理解,特點是題干針對原文提到的某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進行發(fā)問。細節(jié)理解類題在高考試卷中占很大的比例,特別是在應(yīng)用文、說明文和記敘文中,更是側(cè)重對細節(jié)理解題的考查。掌握技巧,靈活運用(1)細心審題,直接就題找答案提取“帶著問題找答案”的方法,先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性尚(題眼),然后以此為線索運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速:得在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句,仔細品味,對照比較,確定答案。(2)變通理解,間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案細節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述,命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生,即對原句細微處做改動,摘取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進行改造,因果倒置,把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。(3)多點歸納,綜合事實找答案細節(jié)理解題有時考查的并不是單一的信息,而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜合”信息細節(jié)題時,一定要全面捕捉相關(guān)信息,進行綜合分析、歸納,切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地得出結(jié)論。明確干擾,破除陷阱(1)擴大或縮小范圍文章為了表達準確嚴密,經(jīng)常通過加上相應(yīng)的詞語限制如涉及數(shù)量時常用many,almostall,nearly,morethan,over,onlyafew,normally等限制。有些干擾項改變或去掉限定詞語,甚至是擴大或縮小語言范圍。(2)偷換概念命題者設(shè)計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造成錯誤的主要原因。(3)正誤并存在干擾項中,某個句子或詞語是正確的,其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全面,正誤并存,命題者常會借此以假亂真。題型二：推理判斷和主旨大意題（2021·重慶市第七中學(xué)校高一階段練習(xí)）Iwas11yearsoldwhenIaskedmymomforpianolessonsin2010.Wewereintheeconomiccrisis.Shesaidapolite“no”.Thatdidn’tstopme.Igoogledthemeasurementsforakeyboard,drewthekeysonapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwouldclicknotesonanonlinekeyboardand“play”thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano.OncemymomsawthatIwasserious,sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwasstruckbyhowrealthesoundofthepianowas.Isatmygradeoneaftereightlessons.OnceIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn’taffordlessonsagain.Ipassedgradethree,andthengradefive,practicingonlyonmypieceofpaper.Oneevening,whenIwasabout13,mymomsaidshehadasurpriseforme;itwasanelectronickeyboard,boughtwithmoreborrowedmoney.ItwasthefirsttimeI’dplayedforher.Shewasinshock.Myschooldidn’toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians.ButIhadtopassadifficulttest.Someofthequestionsinvolvedanevaluationofthecomposerorwhensomepiecewaswritten.Ifeltstressed.Tomyamazement,Iwasofferedaplace.AtPurcell,IspenttwoyearsworkingashardasIcould.Iperformedtoraisemoneyandsaveenoughtobuymyfirstpiano.WhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprizeandsenioracademicmusicprize.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolofMusic&DramainLondon.Ifeelproud:it’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpiano,andI’matoneoftheworld’sleadingmusicschools.TheironyisthatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano---whatwecallmentalpractice.Thepaperpianohelpedarousemycuriosityabouthowmusicworks,thebuildingblocksthatformthepieces.5．Whydidtheauthor’smombuyhim10lessonsatlast?A．Shewasshockedbyhisfirstperformance.B．Shehadnodoubtabouthistalentforpiano.C．Sherealizedthathemeantwhathesaid.D．Shesuddenlymadeafortune.6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Honest. B．Determined. C．Humorous. D．Optimistic.7．Theunderlinedword“irony”inthelastparagraphshowsthattheauthorfelt________.A．surprised B．proud C．satisfied D．disappointed8．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．MentalPracticeMattersB．ASurprisefromMumC．LearningAnInstrumentCostsTooMuchD．SticktoYourDreams【答案】5．C6．B7．A8．D【解析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了作者年少時，對鋼琴產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣，但是家境貧寒，無法供得起鋼琴課，她沒有放棄夢想，自己畫了一個紙鋼琴練習(xí)鋼琴，之后堅持自己的夢想，最終進入了世界一流的音樂學(xué)校的故事。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“OncemymomsawthatIwasserious,sheborrowedmoneyandboughtme10lessons.”（當(dāng)我媽媽看到我是認真的，她借錢給我買了10節(jié)課。）可知，媽媽意識到作者說想要上鋼琴課是認真的，最后給她買了10節(jié)課。故選C項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Iwas11yearsoldwhenIaskedmymomforpianolessonsin2010.Wewereintheeconomiccrisis.Shesaidapolite“no”.”（2010年，當(dāng)我11歲的時候，我請求媽媽給我上鋼琴課。我們正處于經(jīng)濟危機之中。她禮貌地說“不”。）及第二段“Thatdidn’tstopme.”（那沒有阻止我。）及整段內(nèi)容描寫可知，盡管作者想要上鋼琴課的要求被媽媽拒絕了，但是她沒有氣餒，因此，她是有決心的。故選B項。7．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ifeelproud:it’sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpiano,andI’matoneoftheworld’sleadingmusicschools.”（我感到很自豪：我畫紙鋼琴已經(jīng)10年了，我現(xiàn)在在世界一流的音樂學(xué)校之一里。）及最后一段關(guān)鍵句“thatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano---whatwecallmentalpractice.”（我繼續(xù)在沒有鋼琴的情況下進行大量的練習(xí)——我們稱之為心理練習(xí)。）可知，作者在世界一流的音樂學(xué)校之一里，但是仍然在沒有鋼琴的情況下進行練習(xí)，作者覺得這件事是讓人意外的、詫異的。故選A項。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章全文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述了作者年少時，對鋼琴產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣，但是家境貧寒，無法供得起鋼琴課，她沒有放棄夢想，自己畫了一個紙鋼琴練習(xí)鋼琴，之后堅持自己的夢想，最終進入了世界一流的音樂學(xué)校的故事。“SticktoYourDreams”（堅持你的夢想）最適合作為本文標題。故選D項。解題技巧：1.推理判斷題的原則是依據(jù)原文，合理推斷、適度推斷,而不是妄加推斷、過度推斷。無論何種類型推斷題,其推斷的出發(fā)點是一致的,均應(yīng)該掌握以下技巧和防范以下錯誤?！窀鶕?jù)事實細節(jié)，推斷合理信息●根據(jù)寫作思路,推斷段落發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)框架;同時,還要注意作者行文時所運用的修辭手段,如對比、舉例、下定義等。通過梳理寫作思路,明晰寫作手法，即可對文章的發(fā)展做出比較科學(xué)合理的推斷和預(yù)測?！窀鶕?jù)用詞風(fēng)格，推斷情感態(tài)度要善于捕捉表達或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞句或短語,以及那些烘托氣氛、渲染情感的詞句,進而很好地洞察作者的思想傾向，是支持、反對或中立。●謹防失誤解答推理判斷題一定要忠實于原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù),即立足已知,推斷未知,不能主觀臆想，隨意揣測,更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。推理判斷題難度大,主要在于它的干擾項極具迷惑性,極易轉(zhuǎn)移考生視線,使考生掉人陷阱?？忌３霈F(xiàn)的典型錯誤有:（1）張冠李戴命題人把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來,粗心的考生往往會不知不覺地中了圈套（2）以偏概全考生做題往往忽略了文章的主體,把注意力過度集中在某一點,最終得出“以偏概全”的結(jié)論（3）浮于表面每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的,或是向讀者傳遞某個信息,或是娛樂讀者,或是闡述某個觀點。這些信息通常以敘述的形式展現(xiàn)出來,作者并不發(fā)表自己的觀點,因此主題往往比較含蓄。但是許多考生會分不清現(xiàn)象與本質(zhì),把現(xiàn)象等同于作者的意圖（4）推己及人很多時候作者的態(tài)度傾向一般不會明確表明,往往隱含其中?？忌酌撾x原文而進行主觀臆斷，用自己的觀點代替作者的觀點2.解答主旨大意題的關(guān)鍵所在無疑是尋找主題句。主題句在文章中的位置主要有四種情況:段首、段末、在文中或隱含?！癫煌捏w主旨題解題方法：(1)議論文或說明文議論文或說明文的主題句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼應(yīng)。(2)新聞報道新聞報道的主題句就是導(dǎo)語,即文章的首句或首段。正文采取倒金字塔形式--最重要事實,次要事實,最次要事實。(3)科研報告或調(diào)查報告反映科學(xué)實驗或調(diào)研結(jié)果的報道或科普類說明文，其內(nèi)容主要包括“科研實驗結(jié)果或調(diào)查結(jié)果+實驗研究過程或調(diào)查的具體情況”兩大部分,文章主旨就是科研或調(diào)查結(jié)果，因此主題句通常在首段,且常伴有accordingtoastudy,astudyshowed/proved,thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearchon,scientistsrecentlyreported,astudyclaimed等。(4)記敘文純記敘文通常沒有主題句,需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會發(fā)表感慨、感悟或就此發(fā)表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個故事或經(jīng)歷,主旨就在文首?！衽懦蓴_少失分(1)以偏概全:答案只闡述了局部信息或主旨的一部分。(2)主題過大:歸納概括過于寬泛,超出了文章要討論的范圍。(3)斷章取義:以次要的事實、細節(jié)替代全文的主要觀點。(4)無中生有:與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干或與文章內(nèi)容相悖。（一）、（2022·廣東·深圳科學(xué)高中高一期中）Thebossofabigcompanyneededtocalloneofhisemployeesaboutaseriousproblemwithoneofthemaincomputers.Hedialed-theemployee’shomephonenumberandwasgreetedwithachild’swhisper,“Hello?”Thebossasked,“Isyourdaddyathome?”“Yes,”whisperedthesmallvoice.“MayItalkwithhim?”themanasked.Tothesurpriseoftheboss,thesmallvoicewhispered,“No.”Wantingtotalkwithanadult,thebossasked,“Isyourmommythere?”“Yes,”cametheanswer.“MayItalkwithher?”Againthesmallvoicewhispered,“No.”Knowingthatitwasimpossiblethatayoungchildwouldbelefthomealone,thebossdecidedhewouldjustleaveamessagetothepersonwhoshouldbetherewatchingoverthechild.“Isthereanyonebesidesyou?”thebossaskedthechild.“Yes,”whisperedthechild,“Apoliceman.”Wonderingwhatapolicemanwouldbedoingathisemployee’shome,thebossasked,“MayIspeakwiththepoliceman?”“No,he’sbusy,”whisperedthechild.“Busydoingwhat?”askedtheboss.“Talkingtodaddyandmommyandthefireman,”camethewhisperedanswer.Growingconcernedandevenworriedasheheardwhatsoundedlikeahelicopterthroughtheearpieceonthephone,thebossasked,“Whatisthenoise?”“Ahelicopter.”answeredthewhisperedvoice.“Whatisgoingonthere?”askedtheboss,nowalarmed.Inaseriouswhisperingvoicethechildanswered,“Thesearchteamjustlandedthehelicopter.”Alarmedandconcernedandmorethanjustalittledisappointed,thebossasked,“Whyaretheythere?”Stillwhispering,theyoungvoicerepliedalongwithanuncleargiggly(竊笑),“Theyarelookingforme.”9．Whydidthebosscalltheemployee?A．Hewantedtotalktothechild.B．Hewantedtojoininthegame.C．Amaincomputerhadbrokendown.D．Healwayscaredabouthisemployees10．Whichofthefollowingcarreplacetheunderlinedword“alarmed”inParagraph7?A．inspired B．interested C．a(chǎn)nxious D．curious11．Accordingtothepassage,whatwashappeninginfact?A．Thechildwasplayingatrick.B．Thebosswasofferinghelp.C．Theemployeewasindanger.D．Thechildwasmissing.【答案】9．C10．C11．A【解析】本文是記敘文。本文講述一家大公司的老板需要給他的一個員工打電話，說他的一個電腦出了問題，但接電話的是個小孩，聲音很小，他的話引起老板的好奇、擔(dān)心、害怕，就一直追問他，結(jié)果是這個孩子在?；ㄕ?，捉弄大人。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thebossofabigcompanyneededtocalloneofhisemployeesaboutaseriousproblemwithoneofthemaincomputers.(一家大公司的老板要給他的一個員工打電話，是告訴他的員工一個主要電腦出了嚴重的問題)”可知，老板給員工打電話是因為一個主要電腦出了問題，故選C。10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第七段中“Growingconcernedandevenworriedasheheardwhatsoundedlikeahelicopter(直升機)throughtheearpieceonthephone(當(dāng)他聽到電話里的聲音聽起來像直升機時，他越來越關(guān)心，甚至擔(dān)心起來)”可知，老板的心情的變化：由關(guān)心到擔(dān)心，所以通過上下文的語境，可以判斷出老板此時的心情是“擔(dān)心、害怕的”；A.inspired受到鼓舞的；B.interested感興趣的；C.anxious擔(dān)心的，著急的；D.curious好奇的。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Stillwhispering,theyoungvoicerepliedalongwithanuncleargiggly(竊笑),“Theyarelookingforme.”(這個小孩在低語，這個稚嫩的聲音伴隨著不大清晰的竊笑聲回答說：“他們正在找我”)”可知，這個小孩在低語：“他們正在找我?！?，所以推斷這個孩子在惡作劇。故選A。（二）、（2021·重慶市第七中學(xué)校高一階段練習(xí)）Everybodyhatesrats.Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld—Japan,LosAngeles,Turkey—ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescueworkerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat’sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmeltthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.ChristianLinsteratCornellUniversity,NewYork,says,“Robots’nosesdon’tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.”Ratscanalsoseeinthedark.Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon’tneedelectricity!The“ratproject”isnotfinished,butJulieRyanofInternationalRescueCorpsinScotlandsays,“Itwouldbefantastic.Aratcouldgetintospaceswecouldn’tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn’tsafe.”Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).12．Intheworldearthquakecapitals,ratswillbecomepopularbecausetheycan________.A．getintosmallspacesB．taketheplaceofrescueworkersC．findfoodforsurvivorstrappedinbuildingsD．findthepositionofsurvivorstrappedinbuildings13．Fromthethirdparagraphweknowrescuerscanjudgeapersonisaliveby________.A．thenoisemadebytheratB．therat’sunusualbehaviorC．thesignalsentbytheradioontheratD．thesmellgivenoffbythepersontrapped14．Afterreadingthepassageweknowthatnow________.A．peoplestillusedogsandrobotsinrescueworkB．the“ratproject”hasbeencompletedalreadyC．ratshavereplaceddogsinsearchingforpeopleD．peoplearehappytoseearatinabuilding15．Themainideaofthepassageisabout________inanearthquake.A．theimportanceoftrainingratsB．theroleratswillplayC．waysofrescuingpeopleD．thereasonfornotusingdogs【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．B【解析】本文為一篇說明文。老鼠在地震后能夠成為人類的好幫手。它能幫助定位困住的幸存者，從而方便救援者開展施救工作。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescueworkerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.”（狗拯救生命。他們幫助救援人員找到活著的人。但是狗太大了，它們無法進入狹小的空間。所以現(xiàn)在一個新的研究項目正在使用一種更小的動物來拯救生命：老鼠）及第三段描寫老鼠救援過程可知，老鼠在地震中能找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故選D項。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Whenthishappens,therat’sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.”（當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，老鼠的大腦會發(fā)出一個信號。這是發(fā)送到它背上的一個小型無線電，然后救援人員跟蹤無線電信號。當(dāng)老鼠的大腦活動跳躍時，救援人員就知道有人還活著）可知，救援人員可以通過老鼠身上的無線電信號來判斷一個人是否還活著。故選C項。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.”（地震后會發(fā)生什么?我們派出了救援犬）；文章第四段“Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.”（雖然已經(jīng)有機器人可以做這項工作，但老鼠做得更好）及文章最后一段“The“ratproject”isnotfinished”（“老鼠工程”還沒有結(jié)束）可以推知，人們在救援工作中仍然使用狗和機器人。故選A項。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.”（所以現(xiàn)在一個新的研究項目正在使用一種更小的動物來拯救生命：老鼠）并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了老鼠將在地震救援中扮演的角色。故選B項。（一）、（2022·浙江·高一階段練習(xí)）Afternoontea,themosttypicalofEnglishcustoms,is,perhapssurprisingly,arelativelynewtradition.ThecustomofdrinkingteabecamepopularinEnglandduringthe1660sthankstoKingCharlesIIandhiswife,anditwasnotuntilthemid-19thcenturythattheconceptof“afternoontea”firstappeared.AfternoonteawasintroducedbyAnna,theDuchessofBedford,intheyear1840.Atthattimelunchwastakenearlybuttheeveningmealwasservedfashionablylateateighto’clock,leavingalongperiodoftimebetweenthetwomeals.TheDuchesswouldbecomehungryintheafternoon,sosheaskedthatteaandcakebebroughttoherroomaroundfouro’clock.Thisbecameahabitofhersandlatershebeganinvitingfriendstojoinher.ThispalaceteapartywassuchasuccessthatitsoonspreadtoLondonandotherplacesinUKasafashionablesocialevent.Duringthe1880’s,upper-classwomenwoulddressupfortheirafternoontea,alsoknownas“l(fā)owtea”becauseteawastakenwhilesittinginlow,comfortablechairsorsofas.WhileLowTeawaslargelyagamefortheupperclass,“hightea”wasanecessarymealforworkingclassfamilies.DuringthesecondhalfoftheVictorianPeriod,workingfamilieswouldreturnhomelatetiredandexhausted.Asthemostimportantmealoftheday,thetablewouldbesetwithmeats,bread,butter,cheeseandofcourse,apotofgood,strongteatolifttheirspirits.Becauseitwaseatenatahigh,diningtable,itwascalled“high”tea.Toexperiencethebestoftheafternoonteatradition,treatyourselfwithatriptooneofLondon’sfinesthotels.Therearealsoawideselectionofold-fashionedtearoomsofferingafternoonteaexperience.WeprovideveryBritishafternoonteaexperiencetripsduringyourstayinLondon.Justtellyourtourguidewhenyouwanttotastethecultureandwewillarrangeeverythingforyouwithaveryreasonablecharge.It’llbeaonceinalifetimeexperience.Don’tmissit.1．WhydidtheDuchessofBedfordneedafternoontea?A．It’safashionablepalacesocialevent. B．It’satraditionfromKingCharlesII.C．Theeveningmealwastoolateforher. D．ShewantedtospreadteacultureinUK.2．Whatdoweknowabouthightea?A．Itwasagamefortheupperclass. B．ItwasstartedbyQueenVictoria.C．Itwasanoccasionalsocialactivity. D．Itwashighlyimportanttoworkingclass.3．WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Lowteawasmostlyenjoyedbyupper-classladies.B．Lowteawaseatenwhilesittinginlowchairsorsofas.C．Theteamakingpeopledspiritshighwascalledhightea.D．Highteawastakenbyworkingclassatahighdinningtable.4．What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Toexplaintheoriginofafternoontea. B．Toadvertiseforteaexperiencetrips.C．Tohonorthetraditionofdrinkingtea. D．Tointroducetwoafternoonteatypes.【答案】1．C2．D3．4．B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹關(guān)于英國下午茶的一些風(fēng)俗，最后號召游客體驗下午茶。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atthattimelunchwastakenearlybuttheeveningmealwasservedfashionablylateateighto’clock,leavingalongperiodoftimebetweenthetwomeals.TheDuchesswouldbecomehungryintheafternoon,sosheaskedthatteaandcakebebroughttoherroomaroundfouro’clock.(當(dāng)時午餐吃得很早，但晚餐很時髦是在八點鐘后，兩餐之間有很長一段時間。公爵夫人下午會餓，所以她要求在四點鐘左右把茶和蛋糕送到她的房間。)”可知，主要是因為晚餐供應(yīng)時間離午餐太久，所以（會饑餓的）公爵夫人要喝下午茶。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“WhileLowTeawaslargelyagamefortheupperclass,“hightea”wasanecessarymealforworkingclassfamilies.(雖然“下午茶（LowTea）”在很大程度上是上層階級的游戲，但“下午茶（hightea）”卻是工薪階層家庭必不可少的一餐。）”以及“Asthemostimportantmealoftheday,thetablewouldbesetwithmeats,bread,butter,cheeseandofcourse,apotofgood,strongteatolifttheirspirits.(作為一天中最重要的一餐，餐桌上擺滿了肉、面包、黃油、奶酪，當(dāng)然還有一壺好的濃茶來提神。）”可知，下午茶對工薪階層非常重要。故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Becauseitwaseatenatahigh,diningtable,itwascalled“high”tea.(因為它是在高高的餐桌上吃的，所以被稱為“high”茶。）”可知，之所以稱之為“下午茶（hightea）”是因為是在高高的餐桌上吃的。C選擇項表述錯誤。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“WeprovideveryBritishafternoonteaexperiencetripsduringyourstayinLondon.Justtellyourtourguidewhenyouwanttotastethecultureandwewillarrangeeverythingforyouwithaveryreasonablecharge.It’llbeaonceinalifetimeexperience.Don’tmissit.(在倫敦逗留期間，我們?yōu)槟峁┓浅Ｓ⑹降南挛绮梵w驗之旅。當(dāng)你想品嘗文化時，只要告訴你的導(dǎo)游，我們會以非常合理的費用為你安排一切。這將是一生只有一次的經(jīng)歷。別錯過了。）”可推斷，文章主要的目的是打廣告，讓讀者報名體驗英國茶文化旅行。故選B。（二）、（2021·北京·臨川學(xué)校高一期中）SUPPORTWORKERDoyouhavetheabilitytocareforothers?Canyouunderstandhowtheoldpeoplefeel?Areyouagoodcommunicator?Doyouhavegoodlisteningskills?Canyouworkonweekends?IfyouhaveansweredYEStotheabove,wewouldliketohearfromyou:☆Startingrateof￡8.56perhour☆Freeuniform☆ExcellenttrainingContactatusatcareers@WOWEEMAGAZINEWritersWanted!WoweeMagazineislookingforwritersforitswebsite.Payisbasedonthenumberofpeoplewhoreadyourarticles.Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.Thisisagreatchancetogetvaluableworkexperience.Wewantpeoplewhoare:chatty,interesting,enthusiastic,skilled.Contactusatinfo@CALLINGALLMODELSThinkyoucouldbeamodel?Ifso,we’dliketomeetyou!Workingasasuccessfulfashionmodelisn’teasybutitisveryexcitingandcouldbeagreatchance.Girlsshouldbeover16withaminimumheightof172cmandboysshouldhaveaminimumheightof182cm.Ifyouareunder16anddonotyethavetherequiredheight,wewouldstillbeinterestedinmeetingyou,butyoumustbringaparent.Contactusatinfo@top-model-agency.ukWORKFORCOFFEEBEANSJoinBritain’snumberonecafeatCoffeeBeans,whereeverycafehasthesameaims:tocreatefamily-liketeamsandtogiveexcellentcustomerservice.Manydifferentkindsofpeoplecomeandworkwithus,sostartyourcareeratCoffeeBeanstoday:☆Choosethehoursyouwork☆Getmanagementexperience☆ShareyourloveofcoffeeJoinusasaTeamMember,AssistantManagerofCafeManager,dependingonyourskillsandexperience.Emailusatjobs@coffeebeans.co.uk5．Whichaddressshouldyouemailatifyouwanttobeasupportworker?A．info@ B．jobs@coffeebeans.co.ukC．info@top-model-agency.uk D．careers@6．AwriterworkingforWoweeMagazinecan________.A．getafreeuniformB．bringaparentC．receiveticketstoeventsfornothingD．chooseworkinghours7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthejobsfromthejobpostings?A．Thechancetobeamodelisonlyforadults.B．Thereisnoneedtobetrainedasasupportworker.C．EmployeesatCoffeeBeanshavefewmanagementopportunities.D．ApplicantstoWoweeMagazinearesupposedtobesociableandenthusiastic.【答案】5．D6．C7．D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四種工作。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SUPPORTWORKER部分的“Contactatusatcareers@(請通過careers@聯(lián)系我們)”可知，如果你想成為一名技術(shù)支持工作者，你應(yīng)該發(fā)郵件到careers@，故選D。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WOWEEMAGAZINE部分的“Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.(您還可以獲得活動的免費門票和免費的產(chǎn)品來測試。)”可知，《Wowee》雜志的作者可以免費獲得活動門票，故選C。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WOWEEMAGAZINE部分的“Wewantpeoplewhoare:chatty,interesting,enthusiastic,skilled.(我們需要健談、有趣、熱情、熟練的人。)”可知，《Wowee》雜志的申請者應(yīng)該善于交際，而且熱情。故選D。（三）、（2022·新疆巴音郭楞·高一期末）Onacoldwinterday,Dontookhisdogs,MiloandDuke,outfortheirusualmorningwalkatBarkPark.ButthispeacefulwalkwasinterruptedbyMike,ananxiousdogownerwhowasmissinghisbestfriend.Hissmallgraydog,Jackson,hadgottenlostsomewhereinthepark-andhe'dalreadybeengoneforquitesometime.Smalldogsdon'tdoverywellincoldweather.Knowingthattherewasnotimetowaste,Donandhisowndogsimmediatelystartedsearchingthepark.Unfortunately,Jacksonwasnowheretobefound.IfDonhadn'thadhisowndogswithhim,Jacksonmightneverhavebeenfoundintime.Donwasabouttogiveuponthesearchandwasalreadyheadingbacktohiscar.ButasDonandhisdogswerecrossingthebridge,Milosuddenlynoticedsomethinginthewater.Thinkingthathisdoghadseenaduckorsomethingelse,Dontriedtopullontheleash,butMilowouldn'tlisten.Dukejoinedin,andthetwodogsinsistedthatsomethingwasgoingon.Donlookedoutacrossthebridgeandsawasmall,grayshapestrugglingintheicyriver.Therealityofthesituationclicked,andDonimmediatelybeganrunningdowntothewater'sedge.Doncalled911,butheknewthathelpwouldn'tarriveintime.Withoutevensparingathoughtforhimself,thebravemanjumpedintothewaterandmovedstraighttowardstheterrifieddog.Jacksonwastrappediniceandbarelyholdinghimselfabovewater.Donusedhisarmstobreaktheiceandquicklypulledthedogintohisarms.Thetwoswamoutofthewaterandbackontodryland.MikewaswaitingforJacksonandrushedhimstraighttoanearbyvetclinic.It'sreportedthatJacksondidn'tsufferanyharmfromtheincidentandisascheerfulasever.8．WhatwasDondoingwhenhemetMike?A．Swimming. B．Playinggames. C．Takingexercise. D．Walkinghisdogs.9．Whofirstsawthemissingdog,Jackson?A．Don. B．Mike. C．Milo. D．Duke.10．WhydidDonjumpintowatertorescueJackson?A．Jacksonwashisbestfriend. B．Helovedthedogverymuch.C．MiloandDukeaskedhimtodoso. D．Therewasn'tenoughtimewaitingfortherescue.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Bravedogs:MiloandDuke B．MissingdogfoundintheriverC．Bravemansavesdogtrappedinice D．Awalkonacoldmorninginthepark【答案】8．D9．C10．D11．C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了Don跳入冰水救狗的故事。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“Onacoldwinterday,Dontookhisdogs,MiloandDuke,outfortheirusualmorningwalkatBarkPark.ButthispeacefulwalkwasinterruptedbyMike,ananxiousdogownerwhowasmissinghisbestfriend.(在一個寒冷的冬日，Don帶著他的狗Milo和Duke，去Bark公園散步。但這段平靜的散步被Mike打斷了，他是一位焦急尋找愛犬的狗主人)”可知，當(dāng)Don遇到Mike時，他正在遛狗。故選D。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“ButasDonandhisdogswerecrossingthebridge,Milosuddenlynoticedsomethinginthewater.(但是當(dāng)Don和他的狗過橋時，Mil