教師資格之中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力自我檢測(cè)精華B卷附答案

?教師資格之中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力自我檢測(cè)精華B卷附答案

單選題（共50題）1、Whenastudenthasmadeasentence“IborrowedapaperfromMissLi”,theteachersays“Doyoumeanapieceofpaper”Heretheteacherisplayingtheroleofa（n）______.A.controllerB.prompterC.assessorD.organizer【答案】C2、請(qǐng)閱讀Passagel。完成第小題。A.SubjectB.LessonC.PunishmentD.Regulation【答案】A3、Theyaregoodfriends.__________isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell．A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It【答案】D4、Overthepasttenyears,Chinahas__________aseriesofgreatchangesinitsinfrastructureandeconomy.A.witnessedB.foundC.occurredD.taken【答案】A5、Whenateachersays,"Isthissentenceright?",he/shemaybedoingallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.givingstudentsfeedbackB.elicitingstudents'responsesC.invitingstudents'judgmentsD.correctingamistakeexplicitly【答案】D6、Organizingstudentstoanticipatethegeneralcontentofthereadingpassagesshouldbeinthestepof_____.A.post-readingB.while-readingC.pre-readingD.test【答案】C7、Passage2A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetimeB.ColdsarenotcausedbycoldC.PeoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoorsD.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone【答案】C8、Passage2A.hasanimpactontheirdecisionB.comesacrossasreliableevidenceC.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalizedD.constitutespartoftheinvestigation【答案】A9、Anyone__________intheexamwillbepunished.A.seencheatB.seencheatingC.sawtocheatD.sawcheating【答案】B10、Passage2A.liveinveryhottemperaturesB.liveinverycoldtemperaturesC.manufactureoxygenD.alloftheabove【答案】D11、Itisgenerallyagreedthatthefirsttruecitiesappearedabout5,000yearsagointhefood-producingcommunitiesoftheMiddleEast．ThecitiesofSumeria,EgyptandtheIndusValleypossessedanumberofcharacteristicsthatdistinguishedthemastrulyurban．Thecitieswereverymuchlargerandmoredenselypopulatedthananyprevioussettlement,andtheirfunctionwasclearlydifferentiatedfromthatofthesurroundingvillages．InthecitiestheoldpatternsofkinshiprelationswerereplacedbyacomplexhierarchyofsocialclassesbasedonthespecializationofA.WestEuropeancitiesestablishedtheirownurbantraditionsB.WestEuropeancitiesgrewdirectlyoutofthoseintheMiddleEastC.CitiesappearedearlierintheMiddleEastcitieswentthroughthesamephasesD.WestEuropeanandMiddleEastcitieswentthroughthesamephases【答案】C12、請(qǐng)閱讀Passagel。完成第小題。A.HemeantthathewasconfidentabouttheresultofthevoteB.Hemeantthatthevoters'decisionwascrucialtohisfutureC.HemeantthathehadtoattendacommunitycollegeifthevoterssaidNOD.HemeantthathemighthavetoleavethecountryifthevoterssaidNO【答案】B13、Inafactory,Li,theguide,isinterpretingforagroupofforeignguests.Whentheyhavefinishedvisitingoneworkshop,hewouldlikethegrouptofollowhimtothenextworkshop.Hesays,“”.A.Thisway,pleaseB.ComehereC.FollowmeD.Moveon【答案】A14、Whichofthefollowingnominatingpatternscanateacheradopttoensurethatallstudentsareactivelyinvolvedinclassroomactivities?A.NominatingthosewhoaregoodatEnglishB.AskingquestionsinapredicablesequenceC.NominatingstudentsafterthequestionisgivenD.Nominatingstudentsbeforegivingthequestion【答案】C15、-DoyouthinkthattheLaborBillwillbepassed?A.almostsurelyB.verylikelyC.nearpositiveD.quitecertainly【答案】B16、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage2，完成小題。A.Areligiouscelebrity.''B.AversatilearistocratC.AsupporterofKingRichardD.AbelovedrobberinNottingham【答案】C17、Passage2A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirpostsB.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-datedC.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputationsD.it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules【答案】A18、WhichofthefollowingarecontrolledactivitiesinanEnglishclass?A.Reporting,role-playandgamesB.Readingaloud,dictationandtranslationC.Role-play,problemsolvinganddiscussionD.Informationexchange,narrationandinterview【答案】B19、請(qǐng)閱讀短文。A.justrendsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveriesB.comesupwithsolutioninmostnaturalwaysC.hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmeticD.lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofscientist【答案】D20、Insomecountries,__________iscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one【答案】B21、WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistallestbridgeintheworldwonworldwideaccolades.Germannewspapersdescribedhowit“floatedabovetheclouds”with“eleganceandlightness”and“breathtaking”beauty.InFrance,paperspraisedthe“immense”“concretegiant.”WasitmerecoincidencethattheGermanssawbeautywheretheFrenchsawheftandpower?LeraBorodiskythinksnot.Inaseriesofcleverexperimentsguidedbypointedquestions,Boroditskyisamassingevidencethat,yes,languageshapesthought.Theeffectispowerfulenough,shesays,that“theprivatementallivesofspeakersofdifferentlanguagesmaydifferdramatically,”notonlywhentheyarethinkinginordertospeak,“butinallmannerofcognitivetasks,”includingbasicsensoryperception.“Evenasmallflukeofgrammar”—thegenderofnouns—“canhaveaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsintheworld,”shesays.A.PeoplerememberwhattheysawbothvisuallyandverballyB.LanguagehelpstoshapewhatandhowweperceivetheworldC.GrammarhasaneffectonhowpeoplethinkaboutthingsaroundusD.Sciencehasonlyscratchedthesurfaceofhowlanguageaffectsthought【答案】A22、Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]【答案】A23、WhatistheteacherdoingintermsoferrorcorrectionA.DirectcorrectionB.IndirectcorrectionC.Self-correctionD.Peercorrection【答案】B24、InEnglishteaching,teachersshouldNOTpayattentionto__________.A.providingindependentlearningandcomtnunicatingopportunitiesforstudentsB.correctingstudents'mistakesanderrorsintheprocessoflearningimmediatelyC.encouragingstudentstodiscuss,cooperate,experience,practice,andexplorethewaytomasterEnglishD.cultivatingstudents'interest【答案】B25、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSituationalApproachisNOTtrueA.AdoptaninductiveapproachtogrammarteachingB.EncourageexplanationsofthemeaningofnewitemsinforeignlanguageC.FocusonlanguageaccuracyD.Practicestructuresandpatternsthroughrepetitionandsubstitutionactivities【答案】B26、__________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragrnaticsB.SemanticsC.Cross-culturalcommunicationD.Syntax【答案】A27、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage2，完成第小題。A.TheaudiencesarehardtosatisfyB.BayisgoodatproducingmassivehitC.OnlyBaycanbringaudiencemassivehitD.Bayknowsabouttheaudience'smind【答案】B28、Forbetterclassroommanagement,whatshouldtheteacherdowhilethestudentsaredoingactivities?A.ParticipatinginagroupB.PreparingforthenextprocedureC.Movingaroundtomonitor,promptandprovidehelpD.Standinginfrontoftheclass【答案】C29、Polyester(聚酯)isnowbeingusedforbottles.ICI,thechemicalsandplasticscompany,believesthatitisnowbeginningtobreakthegripofglassonthebottlebusinessandthustakeadvantageofthishugemarket.A.ThepriceofoilandplastichasrisenB.ItisnotsuitableforcontaininggassydrinksC.ThepublicliketraditionalglassbottlesD.Shop-keepersdislikereusablebottles【答案】C30、Whichofthefollowingactivitieshasafocusongrammar?A.ReadastoryandactitoutingroupB.ReadastoryandanswercomprehenC.ReadastoryandunderlinethemostdifficultsentencesD.Readastoryandanalyzehowpasteventsaredescribed【答案】D31、Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtoprotnotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.A.greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchangeB.quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstancesC.morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehaviorD.greaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas【答案】C32、Whenteachersteachpronunciationtostudents,whichsuggestionisuselessA.UsehandsandarmstoconductchoralpronunciationpracticeB.MovearoundtheclassroomwhendoingchoralpracticeC.TrytousevisualaidsD.Relyonexplanations【答案】D33、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage2，完成小題。A.ItthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggsB.ThechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatchC.TherisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrowD.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature【答案】A34、ThenumberofAmericanswhoreadbookshasbeendecliningforthirtyyears,andthosewhodoreadhavebecomeproudof,evenabitover-identifiedwith,theenterprise.AlongsidethetotebagsyoucanfindT-shirts,magnets,andbuttonsprintedorsewnwithcoversofclassicnovels;theWebsiteEtsysellstightsprintedwithpoemsbyEmilyDickinson.AspreadinTheParisReviewfeaturedliterature-inspiredpaint-chipcolors.Themerchandisingofreadinghasacuriouslyundifferentiatedflavor,asifwhatyoureadmatteredlessthanthatyoureaD.Inthisclimateofembattledbibliophilia,anewsubgenreofbooksaboutbookshasemerged,amixofliterarycriticism,autobiography,self-help,andimmersionjournalism:authorsundertakereadingstuntstoprovethatreading--anything--stillmatters."IthoughtofmyadventureasOff-RoadorExtremeReading,"PhyllisRosewritesin"TheShelf:FromLEQtoLES",thelateststuntbook,inwhichshereadsthroughamoreorlessrandomshelfoflibrarybooks.Shecompareshervoyage,toErnestShackleton'sexplorationsintheAntarctic."However,Iliketosleepunderaquiltwithmyheadonagoosedownpillow,"shewrites."SoIwouldreadmywayintotheunknown--intothepathlesswastes,intothinair,withnoreviews,nobest-sellerlists,nocollegecurricula,noNationalBookAwardsorPulitzerPrizes,noads,nopublicity,notevenwordofmouthtoguideme."A.WhatreallymattersisthefactthatyoureadB.AnemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhatyoureadC.ThemerchandisingofreadingcanboostbooksalesD.Readingasaseriousundertakingshouldnotbemerchandise【答案】D35、Whenastudentsaid"YesterdayIgoedtoseeafriendofmine",whichofthefollowingwaysforcorrectingerrorsisnotencouragedA.Oh,yes.IseeyouwenttoseeafriendofyoursB.YougoedtoseeyourfriendC.No,notgoed.YoushouldsaywentD.Sayitagain,please【答案】C36、Inmostcircumstances,theassumptionofcooperationissopervasivethatitcanbestatedasacooperativeprincipleofconversationandelaboratedinmaximsbelowexcept_______A.mannermaximB.qualitymaximC.quantitymaximD.agreementmaxim【答案】D37、Thefuelgas,if__________someair,burnsmorerapidly.A.involvedinB.connectedwithC.mixedwithD.joinedin【答案】C38、Whichofthefollowinginstructionsishelpfulindevelopingstudents′abilitytomakeinferencesA.ListentoastoryandwriteasummaryB.Listentoastoryandworkoutthewriter'sintentionC.ListentothestoryofaboyandthendrawapictureofhimD.Listentoastoryandnotedownthespecificdateofanevent【答案】B39、請(qǐng)閱讀Passage2。完成第小題。A.itshowseligiblemalesdatingwomenB.itusesexoticlocationsC.itshowsaveragepeopleinexceptionalcircumstancesD.itcanturnordinarypeopleintocelebrities【答案】C40、WhatinstructiondoestheteachergiveinclassChoosefromtheoptionswhattheteacherwantstodo.Quietnow,please.A.gettheclasstostoptalkingB.helpthestudenttocorrectthemistakesC.changerolesinpairworkD.tellthepupilstogetintopairsforpairwork【答案】A41、Passage1A.TheyaretwoevilgeniusesB.TheyaretwopsychologistsC.Theyaretwostory-tellersD.Theyaretworesearchers【答案】A42、Theteacherdividedthestudentsintosmallgroups_________ability.A.intermsofB.regardlessofC.duetoD.accordingto【答案】D43、Britain_________forcontroloftheseainthe17thcentury.A.contendedB.contrivedC.contentedD.confined【答案】A44、Haveyouseentheboys______"littleapple"That'ssuchabeautifulscenethatIdarenothavemyeye_______onit.A.dancing;fixingB.dance;fixingC.dance;fixeD.todance;fixeD【答案】C45、Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat__________．A.individualswithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatthesamelevelB.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironmentC.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenceD.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain【答案】C46、Toassesshowwellstudentsareabletoapplywhattheyhavelearnedincompletingagiventask,ateacherwoulduse__________assessment.A.performanceB.selfC.competenceD.peer【答案】A47、_________areundertakentodeterminethegapbetweentheexistingskills,knowledgeandabilitiesandthosethatareneededtofunctionatthedesiredlevel.A.LearningassessmentB.LearningneedsC.LearninganalysisD.Teachingassessment【答案】B48、Polyester(聚酯)isnowbeingusedforbottles.ICI,thechemicalsandplasticscompany,believesthatitisnowbeginningtobreakthegripofglassonthebottlebusinessandthustakeadvantageofthishugemarket.A.havebeenusedformanyyearsB.areanideathatintereststheplasticscompaniesC.arepossible,butonlyforhotfoodD.arethefirstthingsbeingmadeinthenewfactories【答案】B49、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"ambient"inParagraph2?A.SurroundingB.FamiliarC.ForeignD.Local【答案】A50、Whatistherightpronunciationoftheword"permit"whenitisusedasanoun?A.['pomit]B.[po'mrt]C.[po:'mrt]D.['pa:mit]【答案】D大題（共10題）一、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是某課堂實(shí)錄的核心環(huán)節(jié)內(nèi)容。核心環(huán)節(jié)1：感知體驗(yàn)1．引入話題sports，復(fù)習(xí)并引入新的表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)詞匯并教授begoodat結(jié)構(gòu)。T:Springisagoodseasontodosports,fight?Ss:Yes.T:Doyoulikesports?Ss:Yes.T:Whatsportareyougoodat?S1:Iamgoodatbasketball.T:Good．Andyou?S2:Iamgoodattabletennis.T:Whatsportareyougoodat?S3:Iamgoodatskiing.2．引入描述運(yùn)動(dòng)的形容詞。T：Whatsportdoyouthinkisdangerous?S3：Skiing．T：Whatsportdoyouthinkisboring?S4：CyCling．核心環(huán)節(jié)2：運(yùn)用【答案】(1)案例中的課堂問(wèn)答遵循了“教師提問(wèn)—學(xué)生回答—教師評(píng)價(jià)”的傳統(tǒng)互動(dòng)模式。學(xué)生被動(dòng)地回答教師的提問(wèn)，語(yǔ)言輸出很少，教師似乎更注重語(yǔ)言形式的操練。案例中教師問(wèn)學(xué)生“Whatsportareyougoodat?”學(xué)生回答道“Iamgoodatbasketball．”接著教師只是對(duì)該學(xué)生的回答表示肯定然后提問(wèn)另一個(gè)學(xué)生。該提問(wèn)無(wú)法證明是否該學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握begoodat的意思及用法，無(wú)法檢查學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效果。教師如果能夠通過(guò)追問(wèn)改進(jìn)互動(dòng)方式，激活學(xué)生思維，給學(xué)生更多自我表達(dá)和語(yǔ)言輸出的機(jī)會(huì)，教學(xué)效果會(huì)得到明顯改善。(2)本案例缺乏真正意義上的學(xué)生互動(dòng)。教師要求學(xué)生兩人一組，談?wù)撨\(yùn)動(dòng)。由于教師沒(méi)有創(chuàng)設(shè)吸引學(xué)生參與的良好情境，學(xué)生的對(duì)話顯得機(jī)械，缺乏真實(shí)而鮮活的語(yǔ)言交流、思維碰撞、情感互動(dòng)和人際交往，學(xué)生沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)使用語(yǔ)言策略、學(xué)習(xí)處理人際關(guān)系，如此很難調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的自主性和能動(dòng)性，難以形成和諧的課堂氣氛。反之，如果教師能創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言情境，引起學(xué)生興趣，讓學(xué)生樂(lè)于參與和表達(dá)，和諧的課堂氛圍也就水到渠成了。二、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。下面是某教師的課堂教學(xué)片段：T:Whatdidyourmumdoyesterday,WangLin?S:Mymumbuyedthedressforme.T:Oh,thatisnice.Yourmumboughtitforyou,didshe?S:Yes.T:Wheredidshebuyit?S:Shebuyeditintown.T:Oh,sheboughtitintownforyou.Well,itisverynice.請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給材料回答下列三個(gè)問(wèn)題。(1)學(xué)生在對(duì)話中的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤是什么?(6分)(2)該教師采用什么方式來(lái)糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤?效果如何?(12分)(3)教師還可以采用哪些方式糾錯(cuò)?請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明。(12分)【答案】(1)該學(xué)生犯了13語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，用錯(cuò)了動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的形式。即Mymumbuyedthedressforme.buyed→bought，Shebuyeditintown.buyed→bought。(2)該教師采用了重述法(Recasts)來(lái)糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤。教師對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行了含蓄糾正。即先進(jìn)行部分肯定之后用正確的語(yǔ)言重述學(xué)生的表達(dá)，不指出錯(cuò)誤，而通過(guò)不同的語(yǔ)氣(如反問(wèn))、語(yǔ)調(diào)、眼神、動(dòng)作等，讓學(xué)生自己意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。此糾錯(cuò)技巧對(duì)于糾正學(xué)生口語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤比較有效。(3)①直接糾錯(cuò)法(ExplicitCorrection)當(dāng)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，教師打斷語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練或?qū)嵺`活動(dòng)，對(duì)其錯(cuò)誤予以正面糾正(說(shuō)出正確的語(yǔ)言形式。并讓學(xué)生改正)。這種糾錯(cuò)方式常用于旨在讓學(xué)生掌握正確的語(yǔ)言形式而進(jìn)行的機(jī)械操練或側(cè)重語(yǔ)言精確輸出的各種練習(xí)中。教師可用以下課堂用語(yǔ)：Youshouldsay…/No，youshouldn’tsaythat…/Readafterme./Payattentionto…/Oh，youmean…，Wedon’tsay…inEnglish，wesay…等，例如：T：Whatdidyoudolastnight?S：Igotoseeamoviewithmyparents.T：Oh.Youshouldsay“Iwenttoseeamoviewithmyparents”.S：Oh.sorry.1wenttoseeamoviewithmyparents.②強(qiáng)調(diào)糾錯(cuò)法(Pinpointing)教師重復(fù)學(xué)生的話.有意重讀并拖長(zhǎng)出錯(cuò)部分的發(fā)音或用升調(diào)以表示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。這種方法常用于學(xué)生的自我糾錯(cuò)。這樣既能糾正學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，保證學(xué)生順利進(jìn)行口頭敘述，又能顧及學(xué)生的自尊心，促進(jìn)他們參與口語(yǔ)活動(dòng)的積極性。例如：T：Wheredidyougoonvacationthissummer?S：IgotoHongKongformyvacation.T：YougotoHongKong?三、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。以下是某堂課的教學(xué)材料：?Betty:HiMum,canyouhearme?Mum:Yes,Ican.Whereareyou?Betty:I'mstandingontheGreatWallofChinaandtalkingtoyou.Mum:Really?Betty:We'reonaschooltripandwe'vehavinglunch.Andwe'relyinginthesunandwe'retakinglotsofphotos.Mum:That'sgreat,Betty.Whataretheothersdoing?Betty:Well,Tonyiseatinganicecream,andLucyisbuyingsomepresentsandpostcards.AndTomiseatinglunchandlyinginthesun.Mum:Canyousendmeapostcard?Betty:Yes.LucyandIarewritingpostcards.We'reenjoyingtheschooltripalot.Anyway,we'regoinghomenow.Bye!Mum:Byebye,Betty!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容回答以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題。【答案】(1)語(yǔ)篇指的是實(shí)際使用的語(yǔ)言單位，是一次交際過(guò)程中的一系列連續(xù)的話段或句子所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言整體。根據(jù)韓禮德的觀點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)篇是一個(gè)語(yǔ)義單位或意義潛勢(shì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)化，任何一個(gè)Ll頭或書(shū)面語(yǔ)言片段，不論其長(zhǎng)短，只要能構(gòu)成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義整體，即表達(dá)完整的意思，就可以稱(chēng)之為語(yǔ)篇。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇的概念，該材料屬于會(huì)話語(yǔ)篇。(2)這份材料適合于口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。理由：①材料語(yǔ)言比較簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有生僻詞匯，句式偏向口語(yǔ)化，適合用于口語(yǔ)練習(xí)；②選材偏向生活化，有生活氣息，適合平時(shí)與人交際使用，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的最終目的就是讓學(xué)生達(dá)到溝通交流，因此會(huì)話語(yǔ)篇可以提供一個(gè)交流的環(huán)境。③材料以對(duì)話形式呈現(xiàn)有問(wèn)有答，也有連讀和吞音部分，對(duì)于語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)都是很好的內(nèi)容。(3)考慮要素：①教學(xué)內(nèi)容要素：教學(xué)內(nèi)容是要完成的教學(xué)任務(wù)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主要載體。因此教師在選擇材料時(shí)，將教科書(shū)作為主要依據(jù)，教材分析基本關(guān)注教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)方面，比較注重顯性教材的運(yùn)用而忽視隱性教材的挖掘和利用，較少關(guān)注與學(xué)習(xí)教材內(nèi)容有密切關(guān)系的認(rèn)知和心理因素，以及教材對(duì)學(xué)生能力的要求，而對(duì)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)也只是闡述其內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有做進(jìn)一步的分析。在新課改背景下，教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析既要求對(duì)顯性教材的運(yùn)用，也要求對(duì)隱性教材的挖掘和利用。②教學(xué)對(duì)象要素：學(xué)生是分析教學(xué)任務(wù)必須要考慮的因素，分析學(xué)生是為了幫助學(xué)生解決學(xué)習(xí)中的困難，完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。教師應(yīng)該做到以下兩點(diǎn)：一是要了解教學(xué)活動(dòng)開(kāi)始前學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面已經(jīng)達(dá)到了什么樣的水平，這一水平標(biāo)志著學(xué)生已經(jīng)能做什么，說(shuō)什么，想明白了什么等(即學(xué)生的學(xué)歷和學(xué)情)。這是學(xué)生掌握新的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的起點(diǎn)水平。二是要了解教授了教學(xué)材料后預(yù)期學(xué)生在認(rèn)知、情感、態(tài)度等方面必須達(dá)到的狀態(tài)。對(duì)這種狀態(tài)的把握最終會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為確定的教學(xué)任務(wù)與具體的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。只有當(dāng)教師對(duì)教學(xué)前和教學(xué)后這兩種狀態(tài)的差距做到心中有數(shù)時(shí)．才能根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況．確定恰當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)內(nèi)容。③教學(xué)目標(biāo)要素：教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教育者在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，希望受教育者達(dá)到的要求或產(chǎn)生的變化結(jié)果，也是教師完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的歸宿。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體，教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教學(xué)活動(dòng)中師生共同追求的，而不是由教師所操縱的。因此，教學(xué)目標(biāo)的主體顯然應(yīng)該是學(xué)生。教師在選擇教學(xué)材料的同時(shí)也要以學(xué)生為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，思考需要完成怎樣的教學(xué)目標(biāo)或達(dá)到怎樣的教學(xué)效果。四、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。簡(jiǎn)述形成性評(píng)價(jià)的概念及目的，并列舉其中的一種評(píng)價(jià)方式?！敬鸢浮?1)形成性評(píng)價(jià)是指在教學(xué)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中，評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)本身效果，用以調(diào)節(jié)活動(dòng)過(guò)程，保證目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)而進(jìn)行的評(píng)價(jià)，是為指導(dǎo)教學(xué)過(guò)程順利進(jìn)行而對(duì)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中使用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的情況的評(píng)價(jià)。形成性評(píng)價(jià)的主要目的不是為了選拔優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，而是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)潛能，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)，并為教師提供教學(xué)反饋，它是一種雙向活動(dòng)、引發(fā)學(xué)生真實(shí)行為表現(xiàn)的活動(dòng)。形成性評(píng)價(jià)重視從學(xué)生的日常表現(xiàn)中提取信息，通過(guò)收集學(xué)生日常學(xué)習(xí)的情況和學(xué)習(xí)需要，隨時(shí)調(diào)整教學(xué)內(nèi)容和方法，從而提高課堂教學(xué)效率。(2)成長(zhǎng)記錄袋是形成性評(píng)價(jià)中的一種重要的評(píng)價(jià)方式。它是以檔案袋為依據(jù)而對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象進(jìn)行的客觀綜合性評(píng)價(jià)，主要是指收集學(xué)生自己認(rèn)為能夠證明自己學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步、創(chuàng)新精神和知識(shí)技能的成果，可以包括計(jì)劃、中間過(guò)程的草稿、最終的成果以及教師的評(píng)價(jià)等相關(guān)的資料，以此來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和進(jìn)步的狀況。五、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。反饋是教學(xué)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一。簡(jiǎn)述外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中反饋的兩種主要類(lèi)型，列舉教師了解學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情況的三種途徑，以便及時(shí)給予反饋?！敬鸢浮?1)教學(xué)反饋的類(lèi)型：口頭反饋與書(shū)面反饋?？陬^反饋指對(duì)學(xué)生的口頭活動(dòng)、某些書(shū)面作業(yè)或者測(cè)試提供的信息?？陬^反饋的方法有①教師直接改錯(cuò)。②啟發(fā)學(xué)生自己改錯(cuò)。教師不應(yīng)該像監(jiān)控器一樣監(jiān)控學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出。③啟發(fā)學(xué)生互相改錯(cuò)?；ハ喔腻e(cuò)可以提高學(xué)生對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的敏感性．逐漸減少學(xué)生對(duì)教師的依賴。書(shū)面反饋一般用于課后對(duì)學(xué)生作業(yè)或者測(cè)試提供的書(shū)面評(píng)價(jià)符號(hào)或者是評(píng)語(yǔ)。而課堂上的書(shū)面反饋主要是指教師或者其指定的學(xué)生用書(shū)面的方式對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)所做的評(píng)價(jià)性記錄。例如計(jì)分法、畫(huà)“正字”法、插紅旗或送紅花法，都可以確認(rèn)學(xué)生表達(dá)內(nèi)容是正確的，同時(shí)還可以顯示競(jìng)賽中的不同小組的成績(jī)差異。(2)了解學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情況的三種途徑：①課堂提問(wèn)：課堂提問(wèn)可以引起學(xué)生注意，提示學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)，鞏固課堂教學(xué)，獲取教學(xué)反饋，加強(qiáng)師生交流。②測(cè)試：測(cè)試包括口試和筆試?？谠嚥粌H要考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、表達(dá)的流利程度、表達(dá)的可理解度、用詞恰當(dāng)?shù)缺磉_(dá)能力，還要考查學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力理解能力，當(dāng)然還要對(duì)學(xué)生所使用的交際策略、所具有的跨文化意識(shí)、表達(dá)中的行為等進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。筆試包括聽(tīng)力、閱讀理解、書(shū)面表達(dá)和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查等，可以檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生的基本英語(yǔ)水平。③調(diào)查表：主要用于在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)某一單元、某一課之前所進(jìn)行的簡(jiǎn)短調(diào)查。通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)生的調(diào)查，一方面可以了解學(xué)生已有的水平和存在的問(wèn)題。另一方面可以幫助教師及時(shí)調(diào)整教學(xué)進(jìn)度和教學(xué)策略。六、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。什么是課堂總結(jié)它的作用是什么請(qǐng)具體說(shuō)出兩種課堂總結(jié)方法并舉例?！敬鸢浮?1)課堂總結(jié)是在完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的終了階段，教師富有藝術(shù)性地對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和轉(zhuǎn)化升華的行為方式。它常用于課堂的結(jié)尾。(2)課堂總結(jié)的作用：①歸納總結(jié)。通過(guò)總結(jié)，可以使課堂上學(xué)到的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化，利于突出重點(diǎn)、突破難點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生整理、復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)，并把新舊知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，形成知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ)②引導(dǎo)探索。課程結(jié)束時(shí)，可在學(xué)生理解新課內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)拓展知識(shí)面，引起學(xué)生更濃厚的興趣，開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)造性思維；必要時(shí)可提出帶有啟發(fā)性的問(wèn)題，設(shè)置懸念，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生課下探索答案。(3)課堂總結(jié)方法：①延伸法：將課內(nèi)知識(shí)向課外知識(shí)延伸，拓展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面。新課程倡導(dǎo)對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的培養(yǎng)，因此教師可以在課堂小結(jié)時(shí)巧妙設(shè)計(jì)一些課外活動(dòng)題。比如人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake教給了學(xué)生如何制作奶昔、沙拉、爆米花、面條及三明治。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生掌握了如何用英語(yǔ)描述制作食品。在課堂小結(jié)時(shí)可以給學(xué)生布置兩個(gè)課外題——用英語(yǔ)描述制作粽子和用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)不同的烹飪方式，并且讓學(xué)生在下節(jié)課進(jìn)行比賽。很多學(xué)生通過(guò)課外查閱資料都獲得了答案，雖然這些內(nèi)容并不是書(shū)本上的知識(shí)，但通過(guò)探究，學(xué)生的視野及知識(shí)面都得到了拓寬。②懸念法：在老師幫助學(xué)生梳理完知識(shí)點(diǎn)后根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容提出疑問(wèn)，讓同學(xué)們帶著思考問(wèn)題離開(kāi)課堂。因?yàn)檎n堂的結(jié)束并不是完結(jié)，而是一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始，此種方法還有利于下一節(jié)課的教學(xué)，可幫助老師順利導(dǎo)入新課。比如人教版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit12Don’teatinclass．SectionB第一節(jié)課后，教師可以用下列話語(yǔ)設(shè)置新的懸念：“Todaywetalkedabouteveryone’sfamilyrules．WeseetheysometimeshelpbutsometimesannoyUSalot．AndthereisagirlcalledZhaoPeiwhohasthesameproblem．WhatareherfamilyrulesDoesshelikethemorhatethemWhatwillshedowiththemWewillreadherstorytomorrow．”以提問(wèn)的方式引起學(xué)生們的好奇心．讓他們進(jìn)行思考．為下堂課的學(xué)習(xí)做鋪墊。七、根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。課堂提問(wèn)有哪些功能?(8分)常見(jiàn)的理解性提問(wèn)有哪三種類(lèi)型?(6分)請(qǐng)各寫(xiě)出一個(gè)英語(yǔ)例子加以說(shuō)明(6分)?！敬鸢浮刻釂?wèn)是課堂教學(xué)的重要組成部分。從教師教的角度看，提問(wèn)是教師輸出信息、傳遞信息和獲得教與學(xué)的反饋的重要渠道，是教師訓(xùn)練學(xué)生思維和提高學(xué)生理解能力的重要手段；從學(xué)生學(xué)的角度看，提問(wèn)使學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣得以保持和提高，使創(chuàng)造性思維得以發(fā)展，使新、舊知識(shí)得以連接和鞏固。另外，提問(wèn)還具有鍛煉表達(dá)能力，檢查學(xué)習(xí)效果等多種功能。理解性提問(wèn)有三種類(lèi)型：展示性、參考性和評(píng)估性提問(wèn)。(1)展示性提問(wèn)是教師根據(jù)具體教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的提問(wèn)，這類(lèi)問(wèn)題只要求學(xué)生對(duì)課文進(jìn)行事實(shí)性的表層理解，并根據(jù)短時(shí)記憶或者查看課文找到答案。如：WhatdidMandeladotohelpEliassolvetheproblems(2)參考性提問(wèn)是根據(jù)課文相關(guān)信息提問(wèn)，這類(lèi)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案，學(xué)生要結(jié)合個(gè)人的知識(shí)和課文所提供的信息進(jìn)行綜合分析。如：What’sthemeaningofthephrase“outofwork”inthecontext(3)評(píng)估性提問(wèn)要求學(xué)生在理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行深層次的邏輯思維，運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)就課文的某個(gè)事件或觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己的看法。如：Whatdoyouthinkabouttheirwayto@hifortheir,ights八、根據(jù)提供的信息和語(yǔ)言素材設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方案。用英文作答。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：閱讀下面學(xué)生信息和語(yǔ)言素材，設(shè)計(jì)一節(jié)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)課教學(xué)方案。該方案沒(méi)有固定格式，但須包含下列要點(diǎn)：?teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications教學(xué)時(shí)間：45分鐘?學(xué)生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學(xué)八年級(jí)(初中二年級(jí))學(xué)生，班級(jí)人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學(xué)生已達(dá)到?義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》三級(jí)水平。學(xué)生課堂參與積極性一般。語(yǔ)言素材：?Grace:Whatdidyoudoinclasstoday,Sarah?Sarah:WehadadiscussionaboutTVshows.Myclassmateslikegameshowsandsportsshows.【答案】【參考設(shè)計(jì)】TeachingContents:AdialogueaboutdifferentpreferencesforTVshows.TeachingObjectives:(1)KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanlear