高二英語(yǔ)測(cè)試報(bào)：U第二部分教案Grammarandusage1（牛津譯林版）

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精GrammarandusageStep1：GeneralintroductionForreference:1.Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehasnow,weusethemodalverbcan.2.Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehadinthepast，weusuallyusethemodalverbcould。3。Ifwewanttotalkabouttheabilitysomeonewillhaveinthefuture，wewillusetheformofthemodalverbwill/shallbeableto.4.Modalverbsshould/oughtto（sometimeshaveto）arealwaysusedtogiveadviceortellsomeonethatheorsheisunderobligationtodosomething.5.Ifwewanttoexpressthatitisnecessaryforustodosomething,modalverbmustisoftenused。6。Modelverbsmay/might，can/couldareoftenusedtoaskforpermission。Examples:1。Now,manyofuscanspeakEnglishquitewell,butafewyearsago，wecouldn't。2。Shallwebeabletobeadmittedthefamousuniversityforfurtherstudyinayear?3.Youshould/oughttolearnenoughknowledgetoservethepeople.4.Everyonepresentatthemeetingmustlookintothemattercarefulandgiveasmuchadviceaspossibleonhowtosolvetheproblem。5.Asastudent,youhavetoobeytherulesoftheschool.6.I’msorryIamlateforclass。May/CanIcomein?Step2:Practice1.Nowlookattheblackboard,I’dlikeyoutoexplainthemeaningsofthedifferentmodalverbsusedinthissentence：Imight/may/could/should/oughtto/will/mustwatchtheTVprogrammetonight。Whenmightisused，itshowsthatthespeakerisuncertainwhetherheorshewilldosomething.Whenmayisused,itshowsthatthespeakerissbitmorecertainthanwhenmightisused.Couldismorecertainthanmay，butlesscertainthanshouldandoughtto.Shouldandoughttoaremorecertain.Whenweusewill，wemeanwearequitecertainthatwewilldosomething。Ifweusemust，wearealmostcertaintodosomething.2。Ifyouwanttohavealookatyourfriend’sbook,whatdoyousay?(CanIhavealookatyourbook?)Whatdoesyourfriendsaytoyou?(‘Ofcourse，youcan。'Or‘sorry/No,youcan't）Socanisalsousedtoaskforpermission，especiallyininformalorspokenEnglish。3.NowreadPart1onpage28tofindouthowmodalverbsareusedtotalkaboutability，obligation，certaintyandpermission.Payattentiontothethreearrowsthatillustratethedegreesofobligation,certaintyandpermissionwhenmodalverbsareused。4.Readpart2andusemodalverbstomakerequests,suggestionsoroffers,andgiveadvice。e。g。：Will/Canyoureadthesentenceoncemore?（Tomakearequest.）Shallwewatchafilmtonight?(Tomakeasuggestion)Iwillhelpyouifyouhaveanyproblems(Tomakeanoffer)Themanagerisnotinnow。Youshouldcomebackatthreeo’clock（Togiveadvice）5.Nowpleasereadtheinstructionsfortheexerciseonpage29。ThencompletethearticleindividuallyandIwillchecktheanswerslater。Answers:(1)must（2）hasto（3）should(4)must（5）oughtto（6)should6。ReadPart4onpage28andtryyourbesttounderstandwhythecontinuousformortheperfectformisusedwithamodalverbintheexamplesentences。FirstI’llgiveyousomeexamples:Johnisn’theretoattendtheparty。Hemustbereviewinghisnotesforthebigexamtomorrow。（ThespeakerthinksthatJohnisreviewinghisnotesnow。)Tomknowsnothingaboutthesubject。Hecan’thavebeenatthelectureyesterday.（ThespeakerissurethatTomdidnotgotothelectureyesterday.)Themoneyisgone.Whocouldhavetakenit？(Thespeakerdoesnotknowwhohastakenthemoney。）Step3:Comparisonofsomepairsofmodelverbscomparisoncan,beabletoshall，willneed，daremustn’t，needn’t1.ReadPart1onpage30andfindthedifferencesbetweencanandbeableto?！eabletoismoreformalandlesscommonthancanwhenreferringtoability.·Beabletocanbeusedindifferenttensesorafterothermodalverbs,forexample，will/shallbeableto，would/shouldbeableto,have/has/hadbeenableto,must/may/mightbeableto?！eabletocanbeusedaftertheinfinitivemarkerto?！hepastformofbeabletoiswas/wereableto?！anismorecommonandinformalthanbeabletowhenreferringtoability·Cancanbeusedtotalkaboutapossiblefutureaction?！hepastformofcaniscould。Nowpleasemakesomesentenceswithbeabletoandcan,usingdifferenttenses，oraftermodalverbsorinato-infinitive.2。ReadPart2andthencompletethechartbelow.ShallWillInaffirmativesexpressingpromisesexpressingdeterminationsordecisionsInquestionsmakingoffersorsuggestionsforthirdpersonaskingaboutwillingnessforthesecondandthirdpersonMakesomesentencesusingshallorwill。Let'scompletethedialogueinPartBonpage31，andthenreadthedialogueinpairstocheckyouranswers.AnswersB(1）Shall(2)shall（3)will(4）will/shall（5)will/shall(6)will/shall3。ReadPart3whichexplainstheuseofmustn’tandneedn’tandthenmakesentenceswithmustn'tandneedn’t。4。ReadPart4whichexplainswhentouseneedordareasmodalverbs5。ReadtheinstructionsforPartAonpage31，andthencompletethepassage。AnswersA(1)can（2)dare（3)will/may/might/could（4)mustn’t/shouldn’t/can’t/oughtnotto(5）mustn’t/shouldn’t/can’t/oughtnotto（6）can(7)needn’t/shouldn’t/donoyhavetoForreference(此處排版同人教實(shí)驗(yàn)B3U1，直接粘貼調(diào)用即可)ModalsWordslikecan，will,may,must,andafewothersarecalledmodals。Modalauxiliaryverbshelpotherverbsexpressameaningoranidea.Somecommonusesofthemodalsarethese:Ability:HecanspeakEnglishnow。Hecouldn’tspeakEnglishayearago。I’mnotabletocometothegameonFriday.Permission：Allpassengersmaynowboard.Wecanboardnow.Obligation:Youmustfastenyourseatbelts.(strong)Youshouldpayattention.(weak)Yououttopayattention。Possibility:Itmayrain。HowcouldIforgetanimportthinglikethat？Hecan’t/musthaveknowntheresult。Meaningssimilartothoseofthemodalscanoftenbeconveyedbyrealverbforms：Hehasto=…must…isabletospeakEnglish.=…can…isallowedto=…may…issupposedto=…should…（be)abletoability，lessusedthancane.g。I’mnotabletocometothegameonFriday.can

abilitye.g.Canyouplaythepiano?askingforandgivingpermission

e.g.“Mom，canIgothecinematonight?”“No,youcan't。Youhavehomeworktodo”offere.g。CanIhelpyou?request,instructione.g。Canyouswitchonthelightforme?capabilitye。g。ThesummersinEnglandcanbereallyunpredictable.withbetomakecriticismse.g。Susancanbearealpainintheneckattimes。can't

abilitye.g。Ican’tcometothegameonFriday.whenyoufeelsuresomethingisnotpossible（oppositeofmust）e.g.Thetennismatchcan’tbeoveryet。(I’msureitisn’t）。could

possibilityoruncertainty（canalsousemight)e。g.Hecouldbetheoneforyou！request（morepolitethancan)e.g。Couldyouswitchonthelightforme?suggestion

e.g。Wecouldgoonapicnicthisafternoon.askingforandgivingpermission

e。g。“CouldIuseyourphone?"“Yes，ofcourseyoucan”unwillingness

e.g。Icouldn’tpossiblyleaveTomalonewhilehe'sinthisstate.withcomparativeadjectivestoexpresspossibilityorimpossibility

e.g。Icouldbefitter.e。g。Hecouldn’tstudyharder.

hadbetterstrongadvice(lessusedthanshould）

e。g.You'dbetterdothewashingupnow.e。g.I'dbetternotgoouttonight，becauseIhavetogetupearlytomorrow。may

toexpressalthoughinclauses

e.g。Imaybemarriedtoyou,butthatdoesn’tgiveyoutherighttotreatmelikedirt.possibilityoruncertainty(formal)

e.g。TheremaybeacureforAIDSwithinthenexttenyears。askingforandgivingpermission(lessusual,moreformal）

e。g?！癕ayIuseyourphone？”“Yes，ofcourseyoumay”

mayaswell/mightaswelldescribestheonlythinglefttodo,somethingwhichthespeakerisnotenthusiasticabout

e.g.I’msobored，Imayaswelldosomehousework。

might

possibilityoruncertainty

e.g。TheremightbeacureforAIDSwithinthenexttenyears.unrealsituatione.g.IfIknewherbetter,Imightinvitehertotheball。

must

whenyoufeelsuresomethingistrue(oppositeofcan’t)e.g。Thetennismatchmustbeoverbynow.(I’msureitis).necessity,personalfeelings

e。g。Ihaven’tspokentoLizforages.Imustgiveheracall。order，strongsuggestion

e.g.Youmuststopsmokingoryou'llgetlungcancer.

shall

certaintyordesire（mainlyBritishEnglish)

e。g.IshallgiveupchocolateforLent。informalrulesandregulations（mainlyBritishEnglish）

e。g。Racismorsexismshallnotbetoleratedinthisbuilding.inquestionstoaskforinstructionsanddecisions，andtomakeoffersandsuggestions(mainlyBritishEnglish)

e.g.WhatshallIdo?Whenshallwecomeandseeyou?Shallwegotothecinemathisevening？

shan’tcertainty（lessusual,mostlyBritishEnglish)e.g.Ishan’tbelateforthemeeting。

should

expectation(canuseoughtto)

e。g。IfyoulikePicasso,youshouldenjoytheexhibition.suggestion，advice,opinion(canuseoughtto）

e。g。Youshouldhavemoredrivinglessonsbeforeyoutakethetest.whensomethingisnotrightorasyouexpectite。g.Thepriceonthiscanofbeansiswrong。Itshouldsay$1.20，not$2。20。criticism（canuseoughtto)

e。g.Youshouldn'tshoutatyourmotherlikethat.uncertainty

e.g。ShouldIaskheroutonadate？should+wordsofthinking,tomakeanopinionlessdirect

e.g。Ishouldthinkhecouldfindamorecompatiblematch.withbeandadjectivesdescribingchance，includingodd,strange,typical，natural,interesting，surprised,surprising，funny(=odd）andWhatacoincidence。e。g。It’soddthatheshouldaskyousomanypersonalquestions.afterincasetoemphasiseunlikelihood

e。g。I'mnotgoingouttonightincasesheshouldcallme.If……shoulde.g。IfJaneshoulddropbywhenIamout,tellhertocomebacklater.politeorderorinstruction

e.g。Applicationsshouldbesentby3rdJanuary。

will

assumption

e。g.Oh，that'llbeJohnonthephone.request（canandcouldaremorecommon)e.g。Willyougototheshopforme?intentionorwillingness

e。g。“I’lltakegran’spearlsthen".“Youwon't!”“Iwill！”order

e.g。Willyoupleaseshutup?insistence

e。g.“Iwon’tcleanmyroom！”“Yesyouwill!”habitsandtypicalbehaviour

e。g。Sarahwillsitandgazeatthestarsallnight.criticism

e。g。Shewilldrinktoomuchwhenshegoesout。

won't

emphaticallyforbidanaction,inresponsetoawillexpression

e。g.“I’lltakegran'spearlsthen”.“Youwon’t!”“Iwill!"refusal

e。g?！癐won’tcleanmyroom！”“Yesyouwill！”

would

request(canandcouldaremorecommon)

e。g.Wouldyougototheshopforme？wouldlike—offer/invitation

e。g.Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?afterbe,followedbyadjectivesdoubtful，unlikely,toemphasiseatentativeaction

e.g。It'sdoubtfulthathewouldbethereintimeofneed.annoyinghabit，typicalofaperson

e。g.Shewouldaskmeformoney,wouldn’tshe?certaintyinasuppressedconditionalsentence

e。g.Iwouldneveragreetothat。（evenifheaskedme）

wouldn'tcertaintyinasuppressedconditionalsentence

e。g。Iwouldn’tagreetothat。(evenifheaskedme.)Step4:Consolidation:I。Relativeitemsinrecentyears’collegeentranceexamination:1。Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleave B。shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleft D。needn’tleave2.--IsJohncomingbytrain?——Heshouldbuthenot。Helikesdrivinghiscar。A。must B。canC。need D.may3。Howyousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle？A.can B。must C.need D.may4?！癟heinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.A.mayB。shouldC。mustD。shall5.—-I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow?！?Youherlastweek.A。oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC。musttellD.shouldhavetold6?！?Excuseme,isthistherightwaytotheSummer—-Sorry，Iamnotsure.Butitbe.A。might B。will C。must D。can7。IpayTracyavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday。A。should B。might C。would D。could8.——Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.-—You.I’mnotaskingyouforit。A.mustn’t B。maynot C。can't D。needn’t9.--Isn'tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?-—No，itbehim。I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A。can’t B。mustnot C。won’t D。maynot10.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountrybeunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A。must B.may C.can D.need11.——Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?——Well,ifyouknow，hernameisMabel.A.may B。can C。must D.shall12.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomersnotlikethedesignofthefurniture.A。must B.shall C.may D。need13.—-Mum，I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock。IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?--No,I’mafraidnot。Besides，it’srainingoutsidenow。A.Can’t B。Wouldn’t C.Maynot D。Won’t14。Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A。should B。can C.must D。will15.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice？A。should B。may C.will D。can16.Ihavelostoneofmygloves。Iitsomewhere.A。mustdropB.musthavedroppedC.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped17。He_____havecompletedhiswork；otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB。mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t18。Tom,youleaveallyourclothesonth