新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4（思政智慧版）課件 Unitr 4 Man and nature Section A

Unit4Manandnature讀寫教程4Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneeds,butnoteveryman’sgreed.—MahatmaGandhi(Indianpolitician)Preview新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Allbeingsflourishwhentheyliveinharmonyandreceivenourishmentfromnature(萬物各得其和以生，各得其養(yǎng)以成)”,

aharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiscrucialtomankind’ssustainabledevelopment.However,humanactivitieshavesofardrasticallyalteredthenaturalenvironmentonearth.Inmanyplacesoftheworld,theskyisfilledwithsmog,waterispolluted,andwildspeciesarebecomingextinct.Weallenjoythecomfortandconvenienceofmodernlife,butPreview新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4whenthereisaconflictbetweentheneedforincreasedproductionandtheonefornatureconservation,whatisthebestwaytobalancethetwotoensureboththewell-beingofhumanbeingsandthehealthofthenaturalenvironment?Howshouldwerepairthedamagebroughtbyindustrialcivilizationandfosteragreenwayofdevelopment?Oursuccessinbuildingaharmoniousrelationshipwiththenaturalworlddependsonourwillingnessanddeterminationtoaddresssuchissuesinasensibleandcoordinatedmanner.SectionAPre-readingactivitiesDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionLanguagefocusStructureanalysisandwriting新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程41

Lookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivitiesABDECF1Whatenvironmentalproblemdoeseachofthepicturesintendtoshow?Matchtheproblemswiththepictures._____(1)Speciesextinction_____(2)Garbagepollution_____(3)Deforestation_____(4)Waterpollution_____(5)Airpollution_____(6)Globalwarming新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivitiesEFADBC2Whatotherenvironmentalproblemscanyouthinkofinadditiontotheonesshowninthepictures?Inadditiontotheonesshowninthepictures,otherenvironmentalproblemsIcanthinkofareozonedepletion,acidrain,erosion,lightandnoisepollution,anddesertification.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?Theenvironmentalproblemslistedabovecanbecausedbyvariousreasons.Butgenerallyspeaking,theycanallbecausedbyhumanactivities.ADeforestationcanbecausedbyloggingfortimberandpaperproducts,aswellascuttingforeststoplantcrops,grazelivestock,ormakeroomforexpandingurbanareas.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?BAirpollutioncanbecausedbysubstancesreleasedintotheatmosphere,mainlyduetoactivitiessuchastransportation,industrialemissions,construction,andresidentialheatingandcooking.CGlobalwarmingisprimarilycausedbythegreenhouseeffect.Carbondioxideandothergreenhousegasestrapthesun’s新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscuss

thefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?heatradiationandreflectitbacktotheearth.DWaterpollutionisusuallycausedbythedischargeofrawsewageandindustrialwaste.ESpeciesextinctioncanbecausedbyhumansdestroyingtheearth’secosystems.Mostextinctanimalsdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheirenvironment,suchasthelossoftheirfood新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscuss

thefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?sources,orthedestructionoftheirhabitats.FGarbagepollutionisusuallycausedbythedumpingofplasticwasteandothernon-recyclablewaste.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions2Tosolveenvironmentalproblems,whatcangovernmentsandindividualsdorespectively?Toreduceenvironmentalproblems,Ithinkgovernmentscanimplementstricterlawsandregulationstoseverelypunishenvironmentalviolations.Inaddition,theycanalsosetupprojectstoimprovetheenvironmentorlaunchcampaignstofurtherincreasepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Asindividuals,therearemanythingswecandoinourdailylife新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions2Tosolveenvironmentalproblems,whatcangovernmentsandindividualsdorespectively?tohelp.Forexample,wecanbringareusablebagwhilegoinggroceryshoppingtoreduceouruseofplasticbags.Wecanusepublictransportation,cycle,orwalkasoftenaswecaninsteadofdrivingacar.Wecanplantmoretreesandflowers.Moreover,weshouldalsodisposeofgarbageproperlyandrecycleasmuchaswecan.Savetheearth,savelife1Eachyearthe5thofJuneiscelebratedasWorldEnvironmentDay

topromoteenvironmentalawarenessandencouragenatureconservation.Establishedfollowingthe

UNConferenceontheHumanEnvironment

inStockholmin1972andledbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),WorldEnvironmentDayhasnowbecomethelargestglobalplatformforenvironmentaloutreach.Millionsofpeople新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextworldwideparticipateintheDaythroughconferences,campaigns,andvariousotheractivitieseveryyear,resolvingtoreducepollution,improvebiodiversity,tackleclimatechange,andrestoretheplanetearth.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext2Theearthisauniqueoasis

oflife.Itishometothehumanraceandanuncountablenumberofotherlifeforms,includingplants,animals,andmicroorganisms.Suchbiodiversityismorethanbeautyandwonder.Italso

underpins

theecologicalsystemthathumanityisdependentupon.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext3However,thefutureoflifeonourplanet–andthusourown–isinjeopardyduetohuman-drivenecologicalchange.Humanityhasoverreachedinitspursuitofaffluenceandusedtheearth’sresourcesruthlessly.Researchshowsthatwehavealteredmorethan75percentoftheworld’sice-freeland.Overhalfoftheplanet’shabitablesurfaceisnowusedtoproducefood.Theoceanhasfarednobetter,withahugenumberoftheworld’sfishstockshavingbeenoverfished.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext4Makingmattersworse,fossilfuelcarbonemissionsfromindustryandagriculturehaveincreasedsignificantlysincethe1970s.Theseemissionscausenotonlyairpollutionandozonedepletionbutalsothegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming.Withtheglobaltemperaturerising,wecannolongerignorethethreatofclimatechange.Ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotreducedasearlyaspossible,itwillbeimpossibletolimit新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextglobalwarmingto2°Cabovepre-industriallevels,asforeseeninthe2015Parisclimateagreement.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext5Excessiveexploitationofnaturalresourcesandgreenhousegasemissionsposeagravethreat

totheearth’sessentialecology.Withthedegradationofecosystems,thequalityoflifeforhumanswilldecline.Thenaturalassetstheyprovide–cleanair,clearwater,andfertileland–willinevitablydiminish.Humanswillnotbetheonlyspeciestosuffer.Asecosystemsfalter,otherspecieslargeandsmallwillcomeincreasinglyunderstrain,andwillneedtoadaptorperish.Itwilltake新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextmillionsofyearsfortheearthtorecoveritsbreadthanddepthofbiodiversity.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext6Whatevertheconsequences,ithastoberecognizedthatifwehumanscontinuetoproduce,consume,andpowerourlivesthewaywedonow,land,oceans,andtheatmosphere,whichareallourenvironmentalnecessities,willcollapse.Forthesakeofthesurvivalandhealthofallspeciesonearth,includingourhumanrace,weneedtoactwithnodelay.Protectingtheenvironmentisnotaluxurybutfundamentaltousall.Thetaskismonumentalandeveryonehastoplayapart.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext7Peoplehavestartedtoprotecttheenvironmentinsmallsteps,butthereisadireneedtotakegiantleaps.Everynationintheworldneedstoeconomizeonenergyandcutdownon

carbonemissions.Investmentinnewtechnologiesandgreeninnovationmustbeexpanded.Morestringentlawsandrulesmustbeformulatedtodeteractionsthatareharmfultotheenvironment,andtoensurebusinessesandindividualscomplywithrequiredstandards.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext8Meanwhile,themeasureswehavelongtakenshouldbestrengthened.Weshouldestablishmoreparksandnaturereservestoprotectwildlifeandtheirhabitats,andlimithuntingandfishingtopreventtheextinctionofmorespecies.Thisisbothforprotectingtheintegrityoftheearth’sbiologicalsystemandforensuringthatallcreaturesonearthhaveplentifulandvariedresources.Takehumanity,forexample.Evidencehasrevealedthateveniftheextinctionofone新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextspeciesbearsnodirectlinks

tothewelfareofhumanity,itcanimpactthesurvivalofsomeotherspeciesthatwedependon.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext9Weshouldalsoencouragemorerecycling,whichiscrucialforhumansocietytoachievesustainability.RecyclingisoneofthethreeRs(reduce,reuse,andrecycle),whichseekstominimizewastedisposalcosts,reduceenvironmentalandclimateimpacts,andrealizezerowaste.Astheurgencytoconserveournaturalresources,savelandfillspace,andreduceharmfulpollutionincreases,itisimperativetorecycletomeetthisneed.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext10Thereisnodenyingthat

theneedtopreservenatureoftenconflictswithotherneeds.Forsomepeople,awoodedareamaybeagoodplacetoputafarm.Atimbercompanymaywanttoharvestthearea’streesforconstructionmaterials.Abusinessmaywanttobuildafactoryorshoppingmallontheland.Alltheseneedsarevalid,butthebenefitsofdevelopmentshouldbeweighedagainst

theharmtowildanimalsthatmaybeforcedtofindnewhabitats,andagainstthedepletionof新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextnaturalresourcesthatwehumanbeingsandallotherlifeformsneedtosurvive.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext11Therearealsopeoplewhoarguethatprotectingtheearthasplannedbythecurrentinternationalagreementsistooexpensiveorchallenging.Afterall,weneedtousethelandandoceanstofeedtheever-growinghumanpopulation.Butresearchalreadyshowsthatthegoalsareattainableusingexistingtechnologiesandwithtimelyshiftsingovernmentpolicies,businesspractices,andindividualbehavior.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext12Wehaveonlyonechancetogetthisright.Restoringtheenvironmentoftheearthisanambitiousgoal.Butitisonethatwillsecureavibrantfutureforhumanityandallotherspeciesonthisplanet.WorldEnvironmentDaygiveseverypersonacrosstheglobeanopportunitytobeempoweredwithenvironmentalknowledgetoenergizeprotectionactions.Onthisparticularday,letus,asindividualsororganizations,新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextpledgetodowhateverlittlewecantoreturnecologicalbalancetotheearth,sothateveryspeciesonitcanthriveandprosper.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesSectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextWorldEnvironmentDay:aninternationaldayestablishedbytheUnitedNationstoraiseawarenessofandencourageactiononpressingenvironmentalissues.IthasbeencelebratedannuallyonJune5since1973.CulturenotesSectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextUNConferenceontheHumanEnvironment:alsoknownastheStockholmConference.ItwastheUN’sfirstmajorconferenceoninternationalenvironmentalissues.HeldinStockholm,Sweden,inJune1972,theconferencemarkedaturningpointinthedevelopmentofinternationalenvironmentalpolitics.CulturenotesSectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP):aninternationalorganizationwithintheUNsystem.Sinceitwasestablishedin1972,UNEPhasbecometheleadingglobalenvironmentalauthority.Itsmissionistoprovideleadership,deliverscience,anddevelopsolutionsonawiderangeofenvironmentalissues.CulturenotesSectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetextthe2015Parisclimateagreement:officiallyreferredtoastheParisAgreement.Itisaninternationaltreatyonclimatechangeadoptedby196partiesattheUNClimateConferenceinParisinDecember2015.Thelong-termtemperaturegoalsetbytheagreementistolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2°C,preferablyto1.5°C,comparedtopre-industriallevels.SectionAMeaning:

WorldEnvironmentDaywasestablishedaftertheUNConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentheldinStockholmin1972.ItisledbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)andhasbecomethelargestglobalplatformthatprovidespeoplewithinformationonenvironmentalprotection.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Everyyear,millionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldattendvariousactivitiesoftheDay,suchasconferences,publicityevents,andmanyothers.Theyaredeterminedtoreducepollution,improvethevarietyofplantsandanimals,dealwithclimatechange,andmaketheplanetearthrecover.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

biodiversity:n.[U]thevarietyofplantsandanimalsinaparticularplace生物多樣性Highbiodiversityallowsecosystemstorecovermorequicklyfromnaturaldisasterssuchasfiresorfloods.高度的生物多樣性使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠更快地從火災或洪水等自然災害中恢復。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theearthisaspecialandfertileplanetthatsupportslife.Itiswherehumanbeingsandnumerousotherlifeformsexist.Thishugenumberoflifeformsincludeplants,animals,andmicroorganisms.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

oasis:n.[C](pl.oases)1)aplacewithwaterandtreesinadesert

（沙漠中的）綠洲LocatedinarichoasisinthenorthwestofChina,DunhuangwasashiningpearlontheancientSilkRoad.敦煌位于中國西北部一片富饒的綠洲中，是古代絲綢之路上一顆璀璨的明珠。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)apeacefulorpleasantplacethatisverydifferentfromeverythingaroundit

（不同于周圍環(huán)境的）寧靜怡人的地方Thesmallparkisanoasisforthosewhohavehadatoughdayandjustneedsome“me”time.對于那些度過了艱難的一天后想要一些“自我”時間的人來說，這個小公園就是一個舒適的地方。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

organism:n.[C]1)ananimal,plant,human,oranyotherlivingthing生物；有機體Plantsarelivingorganismsthatusesunlighttomaketheirownfood.植物是活的有機體，它們利用陽光為自己創(chuàng)造食物。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)asystemmadeupofpartsthataredependentoneachother有機組織（體系）Likeahumanbody,societyisacomplexorganisminwhichdifferentgroupsofpeoplehavedifferentroles,allofwhicharenecessarytothefunctioningofsociety.

就像人體一樣，社會是一個復雜的有機體，不同群體的人在其中扮演著不同的角色，所有這些角色都是社會運轉所必需的。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

microorganism:n.[C]averysmalllivingthingthatyoucanseeonlywithamicroscope微生物Microorganismsareimportantcontributorstothemaintenanceofsoilstructurebyproducingstickycompoundsthatallowsoiltoformaggregates.微生物通過產(chǎn)生黏性化合物使土壤形成聚集體，它們對維持土壤結構十分重要。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Suchdiversityofplantsandanimalsisnotjustasourceofamazementandadmiration.Itisthefoundationofabiologicalcommunityandnaturalsystemthatthehumanracedependsonforsurvival.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

underpin:vt.1)givestrengthorsupporttosth.andhelpitsucceed鞏固；支持Thevisionofcreatingabetterfutureforourcommunityisunderpinnedbythreecorepillars:inclusivity,care,andconsciousness.我們?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)創(chuàng)造更加美好未來的愿景基于三個核心支柱：包容、關懷、自覺。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)putasolidpieceofmetalundersth.suchasawallinordertomakeitstronger加固（墻體等的）基礎Whenrestoringthebuilding,youmustunderpintheexteriorwallswithconcretefoundationstakendowntosuitabledepths.修復該建筑物時，必須要用混凝土地基來支撐外墻，地基要打到合適的深度。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ecological:a.(usu.beforenoun)relatingtotheenvironmentandthewayplants,animals,andhumanslivetogetherandaffecteachother生態(tài)的Theyhavecreatedanambitiousprogramtopreservetheecologicaldiversityofthetropicalrainforest.他們制訂了一個保護熱帶雨林生態(tài)多樣性的宏偉計劃。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

However,thefutureoflifeonearth,andhenceourown,isindangerbecauseoftheenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanbeings.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

jeopardy:n.(in~)indangerofbeinglostorharmed在危險中（指遭受損失或受到傷害）Theglobaltransitiontonet-zerocarbonemissionswillbeinjeopardyiftheworlddoesn’tmakeanefforttodevelopgreenenergy.

如果世界不努力發(fā)展綠色能源，全球向凈零碳排放的轉型將會岌岌可危。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Humanbeingshavedonemorethantheyshouldtopursuewealthandusedtheearth’sresourcesexcessivelywithoutconsideringtheconsequences.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

overreach:v.trytodomorethanyourability,authority,ormoneywillallow試圖超越（能力、權力或財力范圍）Thebudgetofficehasalreadyoverreached,andmanyofitsgoalsarebeyondwhatitshouldbeaddressing.該預算辦公室已經(jīng)做得過頭了，許多目標都超出了其應關注的范圍。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

affluence:

n.[U]thestateofhavingalotofmoneyorahighstandardofliving富裕；富足TheincreasingaffluenceofChineseconsumershasmadeChinaanattractivemarketforbusinessesandinvestorsalike.中國消費者日益富裕，這使中國成為了對企業(yè)和投資者們都具有吸引力的市場。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ruthless:a.notthinkingorworryingaboutanypaincausedtoothers;hardandcruel無情的；冷酷的；殘忍的Inanagefullofglobalchallenges,collaboration,notruthlesscompetition,isthekeytobusinesssuccess.在一個充滿全球挑戰(zhàn)的時代，合作而非無情的競爭才是商業(yè)成功的關鍵。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ruthlessly:ad.無情地；冷酷地；殘忍地Foreststhatprovidehomesforanimals,reduceflooding,andcleanandcooltheairshouldnotberuthlesslycutfortheselfishneedsofhumanbeings.森林為動物提供家園，減少洪災，凈化空氣并降低空氣溫度，不應該因為人類的自私需求而遭受無情砍伐。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Researchshowsthatwehavechangedmorethan75percentoftheworld’slandthatisnotcoveredbyice.Overhalfoftheplanet’ssurface,whichisgoodenoughforhumanbeingstoliveon,isnowusedtoproducefood.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

habitable:a.goodenoughforpeopletolivein適宜居住的Dalian,acityinnortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince,isnotonlyasummerresortbutalsooneofthemosthabitablecitiesinChina.大連是中國東北遼寧省的一座城市，它不僅是避暑勝地，也是中國最宜居的城市之一。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theoceanisinasimilarlypoorstate.Thefishpopulationintheworld’soceanshasbeenseverelyreducedbecauseofexcessivefishing.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

farebetter/nobetter:besuccessful/unsuccessfulinaparticularsituation更成功/同樣不成功Hetriedothercoatingstoprotecttheironfencesfromexposuretomoisture,buttheyfarednobetterthantheoriginalone.他嘗試過用其他的涂層來保護鐵柵欄免受潮氣的影響，但效果并不比原來的那種好。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Tomakethingsworse,gasesandothersubstancesthatarereleasedintotheairbecauseoftheuseoffossilfuelsinindustryandagriculturehaveincreasedgreatlysincethe1970s.Thesesubstancescausenotonlyairpollutionandozonereduction,butalsothegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

emission:n.1)[C,usu.pl.]agasorothersubstancethatissentintotheair排放物；散發(fā)物Reducingcarbonemissionsisoneoftheworld’smostimportantchallengesifwewishtoliveonahabitableplanet.如果我們希望生活在一個宜居的星球上，減少碳排放是全球最重要的挑戰(zhàn)之一。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]theactofsendingoutlight,heat,gas,etc.（光、熱、氣等的）散發(fā)，排放Chinahastakenmanymeasurestocontrolairpollutionandcurbtheemissionofpollutantssuchassulfurdioxideandsmokedust.中國采取了許多措施來控制空氣污染，遏制二氧化硫和煙塵等污染物的排放。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ozone:

n.[U]akindofoxygenthatexistshighintheearth’satmosphere臭氧Thearticlesaysthatanintactozonelayercanpreventabout99percentofthesun’sUVraysfromreachingtheearth.這篇文章說完好的臭氧層可以阻止99%的太陽紫外線到達地球。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

depletion:n.[U]theactofreducingtheamountofsth.減少；削減Somescientistsareconvincedthatthedepletionoftheearth’sozonelayerwillcontributetoanincreaseinskincancers.有些科學家認為，地球臭氧層的損耗會導致皮膚癌增加。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Withtheriseintheglobaltemperature,wecannolongerignoretheriskscausedbyclimatechange.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

threat:n.1)[C,usu.sing.]thepossibilitythatsth.verybadwillhappen壞事發(fā)生的可能Becauseofthesevererainstorm,severalplantationslocatedinthehigh-altitudevalleyswereunderthethreatoflandslides.由于嚴重的暴雨，好幾個位于高海拔山谷的種植園都面臨山體滑坡的威脅。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C,U]astatementinwhichyoutellsb.thatyouwillcausethemharmortroubleiftheydonotdowhatyouwant威脅；恐嚇Followinganinvestigation,themanwaschargedwithutteringthreatstodamagepublicproperty.經(jīng)過調查，該男子被指控威脅要破壞公共財產(chǎn)。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theextremeuseofnaturalresourcesandemissionsofgreenhousegasescreateagreatdangertothevitalecologicalsystemonearth.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

poseathreat/danger/riskto...:createadifficultordangeroussituationforsth./sb.對…造成威脅/危險Reputationalriskcanposeathreattothesurvivalofacompanyandpossiblywipeouthugeamountsofpotentialrevenues.名譽風險會對公司的生存構成威脅，并有可能吞噬大量潛在的收入。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ecology:n.[sing.,U]thewayinwhichplants,animals,andpeoplearerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironment,orthescientificstudyofthis生態(tài)；生態(tài)學Toguaranteethesustainabledevelopmentofthelake’secology,alargenumberoffryarereleasedintothelakeeveryyearbythelocalresidents.為確保湖泊生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，當?shù)鼐用衩磕甓紩蚝型斗糯罅眶~苗。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Withtheearth’secosystemsbecominglessdiverseandsupportive,thestandardoflivingforhumanbeingswillsuffer.Thenaturalresourcestheyprovide–cleanair,clearwater,andproductiveland–willdecreaseasaresult.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

degradation:

n.1)[U]theprocessbywhichsth.changestoaworsecondition退化；惡化Thekeytoenvironmentalprotectionistopreventthedegradationofthenaturalenvironment,whichisimportantforalllivingcreatures.環(huán)境保護的關鍵是防止自然環(huán)境的退化，這對所有生物都很重要。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C,U]anexperienceorsituationthatmakesyoufeelashamedandangry恥辱；落魄；潦倒Worldwide,therearestillmanywhoselivesaretrappedinmiseryanddegradation.Ourendeavorstoensureeveryonehasadecentanddignifiedlifecanneverend.在世界范圍內，仍有很多人生活在苦難和屈辱之中。我們?yōu)榇_保每個人都過上體面、有尊嚴的生活而進行的努力永遠不會停止。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

fertile:a.1)(oflandorsoil)abletoproducegoodcropsorplants肥沃的；富饒的ThefertileblacksoilinnortheastChinaholdsgreatpotentialforincreasinggrainproductionandisimportantforconservingarableland.中國東北地區(qū)肥沃的黑土具有增加糧食產(chǎn)量的巨大潛力，對保護可耕地也很重要。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)(ofpeople,animals,orplants)abletoproducebabies,younganimals,ornewplants能生育的；可繁殖的；能結果的Theprimroseisafertileplantproducinglotsofsmallseedsthatcanbeeasilytransportedbyavarietyofmeans–rainwater,wind,andthemudonourfeet.

報春花是一種繁殖能力很強的植物，會結許多小種子，這些種子可以通過多種方式輕松傳播，比如雨水、風以及我們腳上的泥土。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Asecosystemsbecomemorevulnerable,otherspecieswillfacemoreandmorepressure,andwillhavetoadapttothechangesintheenvironmentorbecomeextinct.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

falter:vi.becomeweakerandunabletocontinueinaneffectiveway變弱；衰退Statisticsshowthatgrowthinretailsalesfalteredinthesecondquarter,slowingto4.3percentfrom4.8percentinthepreviousquarter.統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，零售額的增長在第二季度有所放緩，從上一季度的4.8%降至了4.3%。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetextv.speakinavoicethatsoundsweakanduncertain,andkeepsstopping結巴地說；支支吾吾地說Hisvoicefalteredashestoodatthepodiumtoexplainhowtheincidenthappened.當他站在講臺上解釋事件是如何發(fā)生的時候，他的聲音顫抖了。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

under(a)strain:underpressure處在壓力之下；有壓力Itiswell-understoodthatwithoutenoughjobs,householdincomeswillbeunderstrainandeconomicgrowthwillbeslow.眾所周知，如果沒有足夠的工作崗位，家庭收入將面臨壓力，經(jīng)濟增長也將放緩。SectionA新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

perish:vi.1)(fml.)die,esp.inaterribleorsuddenway死亡（尤指慘死或猝死）Unseasonablesnowandicyconditionsintheareahavecausedthousandsofsheepandcattletoperish.該地區(qū)不合時令的降雪和冰凍環(huán)境已經(jīng)導致