統(tǒng)考版2024屆高考英語二輪專項分層特訓(xùn)卷閱讀理解保分練七主旨大意題-文章大意段落大意類_第1頁
統(tǒng)考版2024屆高考英語二輪專項分層特訓(xùn)卷閱讀理解保分練七主旨大意題-文章大意段落大意類_第2頁
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閱讀理解保分練(七)主旨大意題——文章大意、段落大意類(A)[2023·全國乙卷,D]Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,__wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories(B)[2023·沈陽市高三質(zhì)檢]Lonelinessissignificantmentalhealthconcernandcanraisetheriskofdeathby45%andcontactwithnatureincitiessignificantlyreducesfeelingsofloneliness,accordingtoateamofscientists.Thestudyisthefirsttoassesshowtheenvironmentcanaffectloneliness.Itusedreal-timedata,collectedviaasmartphoneapp,ratherthanrelyingonpeople'smemoryofhowtheywerefeeling.Theresearchfoundthatfeelingsofovercrowdingincreasedlonelinessbyanaverageof30%.Butwhenpeoplewereabletoseetreesorhearbirds,feelingsoflonelinessfellby28%.Feelingsofsocialinclusionalsocutlonelinessby21%andwhenthesefeelingscoincided(同時發(fā)生)withcontactwithnature,thebeneficialeffectwasboostedbyafurther18%.Thefindingspointedtointerventionstoreduceloneliness.Theresearcherssaid,“Specificmeasuresthatincreasesocialinclusionandcontactwithnatureshouldbetaken,especiallyinthicklypopulatedcities.”Timespentinnatureisknowntoboostwell-being,withwoodlandwalksestimatedtosavetheUKatleast£185millionayearinmentalhealthcosts,forexample.TheresearchcollecteddatafromurbancitizensacrosstheworldusingtheUrbanMindresearchapp.Morethan750peopleprovided16,600oftheseassessments.Theparticipantswereself-selectingsoitdidnotprovidearepresentativesampleofthewiderpopulations.Butwhentheresearcherstookage,education,andoccupationsintoaccount,thebenefitsofnaturecontactandfeelingsofsocialinclusiononlonelinessremainedstronglystatisticallysignificant.JohannaGibbons,partoftheresearchteam,said,“Citiesareprobablytheonlyhabitatthatisincreasingatahighrate.Soweshouldbecreatingurbanhabitatswherepeoplecanthrive(興旺發(fā)達).”5.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Byrelyingonpeople'smemory.B.Bysurveying750urbanparticipants.C.Bycollectingdatathroughasmartphoneapp.D.Bycheckingaworldwiderepresentativesample.6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Manybigcitiestaketheleadintheresearch.B.Timespentindoorsimprovespeople'swell-being.C.Woodlandwalksgreatlyreducesocialcontactwithpeople.D.InterventionstoreducelonelinessbenefittheUKfinancially.7.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearch?A.Itoffersawiderangeofsamplesglobally.B.Thefindingsarestatisticallyremarkable.C.Thecarefullyselectedparticipantsarereliable.D.Threeotherfactorsareconsideredexcepteducation.8.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thementalproblemsoflivinginbigcities.B.Developingurbanhabitatsathighspeed.C.Researchonhowtogetridoflonelinessinnature.D.Reducinglonelinessincitiesviacontactwithnature.閱讀理解保分練(七)(A)語篇類型:議論文主題語境:人與社會——歷史敘事——討論書面文本及無文字社會的重要性【文章大意】本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性,并強調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。1.答案與解析:A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想講述整個世界的歷史,一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史,你不能僅僅通過文本來講述,因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文學(xué)記錄過,而世界上大多數(shù)人,在大多數(shù)時間里,都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一,直到最近,甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字,而且用物件來記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知,第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。2.答案與解析:D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.(理想情況下,歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起,本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點,但在許多情況下,我們根本做不到。)”可推斷,作者認為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,但是很多情況下,我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.(從英國方面來看,我們有科學(xué)報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看,我們只有一個木制盾牌,這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知,作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的,只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D。3.答案與解析:B詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人,所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中,他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強大的成就:通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個話語權(quán)。當我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化社會之間的接觸時,我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的,只有對話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對話的另一半,我們不僅要讀文本,還要讀物體。)”可知,我們對過去歷史的了解,只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史,如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半,我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀物品。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。4.答案與解析:C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemo

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