2023學(xué)年完整公開課版人教版Book2Unit1LearningaboutLanguage

Unit1CulturalrelicsLearningaboutLanguage1.GetthestudentstolearntheAttributiveClauseintroducedbythat/which/who/whose/where/when

andwhy.2.MasterthedifferencebetweentheRestrictiveandNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause.3.Letthestudentslearndifferentusagesofthat/which/as.Doyouknowtheroom?Itismadeofamber.Doyouknowtheroomwhichismadeofamber?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Beijinghasaverylonghistory.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.一、定語從句的定義：用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞(antecedent)。定語從句一般是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)的。e.g.:

1.Doyouknow

theman

who

cametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?

2.Theday

isnotfaroff

when

wewillmakeatriptoBritain.TheRestrictive&Non-restrictiveAttributiveClause（限制性和非限制性定語從句）1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略）Theman

who

Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

who

stealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語時可省略，若介詞提前則不能省略)Theman

(whom/who)

InoddedtoisMr.Li.Themanto

whom

InoddedisMr.Li.二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句3.

which

指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略,若介詞提前則不能省略)Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Therecorder

(which)

heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary

(which)

youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibrary

fromwhich

youborrowbooks?Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight?Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?

Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞that不能用于介詞后。4.

that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略）Aplaneisamachine

that

canfly.Isthisthelibrary

fromwhich

youborrowbooks?

fromthat5.whose

指人/物，相當(dāng)于先行詞的所有格，whose后須加名詞才能引導(dǎo)定語從句。

Ihaveafriend.Hismotherisaprofessorinuniversity.Ihaveafriendwhosemotherisaprofessorinuniversity.Canyoushowmethebookwhosecoverisred?Iamsureshehaseverything(that)youwant.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.關(guān)系代詞必須用that的情況【點津】(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞時。Thescientist

?/who/whom/that

wemetyesterdayisveryfamous

intheworld.

2.Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

that/which/

?

sheiswearingisnew.

【即學(xué)即練】1.Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.Tryyourbest!4.Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisthekindperson

that/who/whom/?Ihaveeverworkedwith.

Thisisthebestfilm

that/?

Ihaveeverseen.

3.Heisthekindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：（1）我仍然記得我參軍的那一天。①Istillremembertheday.②OnthatdayIjoinedthearmy.Istillremembertheday

when

Ijoinedthearmy.Istillremembertheday

onwhich

Ijoinedthearmy.或(2)這就是我們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆课荨＂賂hisisthehouse.②Welivedinitlastyear.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.或Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.或Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?或Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?(3)你知道他遲到的原因嗎？①Doyouknowthereason?②Hewaslateforthatreason.2.當(dāng)先行詞是指時間、地點或原因時，并非都用when,where,why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。(1)這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方?！ぁぁぁぁぁあ?/p>

這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤??！ぁぁぁぁぁあ冖賂hisistheplace(which/that)

wevisitedlastyear.②Thisistheplace

where

weworkedlastyear.vt.vi.我仍然記得我入團(tuán)的那一天。

我仍然記得我們一起度過的那一天。(2)①Istillremembertheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.②Istillremembertheday

that/which

wespenttogether.四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。Thisisthemountainvillage

where

Istayedlastyear.這是我去年待過的山村。I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)Ispenttogetherwithyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共度的日子。五、限制性、非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1.限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?站在那邊的那個高個子女人叫什么名字?Torontoisacity(that)I’vealwayswantedtovisit.多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個城市。2.非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作些附加的說明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞不可省略。Rome,whichIpaidavisittolastyear,isafantasticcity.我去年參觀過羅馬，這是一個非常棒的城市。YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇見了金教授，他從倫敦大學(xué)來。3.大多數(shù)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可以是整個主句，此時非限制性定語從句常由which引導(dǎo)。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一個中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。分析：從語境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女子殺害了其丈夫這件事。此時由which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面一句話的內(nèi)容。4.關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中可用who來代替，但在非限制性定語從句中不可用who來代替。Thisisthegirlwhom/who

Imetinthestreet.這是我在街上遇到的女孩。關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語，可以用who代替。Theyoungmanmadeanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.這個小伙子新交了一個女朋友，他想給她留下深刻印象。關(guān)系代詞whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，不可以用who代替。六、as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的相同點和不同點1.相同點:as和which都可以指代整個句子的內(nèi)容。Themeetingwasputoff,as/whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.這次會議延期了,這正是我們所希望的。2.不同點:as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于主句/先行詞前、中、后,主句沒有前后邏輯關(guān)系，常表示“正如……”；而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句、先行詞后，主從句常有一定的因果關(guān)系或前后順序，常表示“這一點……”。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。Aseveryoneknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.=Allthatglitters,aseveryoneknows,isnotgold.=Allthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.眾所周知，并非所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子。1.(2014·江西高考)Amongthemanydangers______sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.which

B.what

C.where

D.when【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:在這么多水手要面對的危險中,最大的危險可能就是霧了。which指代先行詞themanydangers,在定語從句中作face的賓語。【真題在線】

2.(2014·浙江高考)Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,______Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why【解析】選A。考查定語從句。句意:直到五年級的時候我才成為一個登山愛好者,當(dāng)時我去樹上拿卡在樹枝里的風(fēng)箏。when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞thefifthgrade,when在從句中作時間狀語。3.(2013·安徽高考)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________

madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.it B.that C.what D.which【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:2012年莫言被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎,這使得中國人民多年以來的一個夢想實現(xiàn)了。本題考查非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面整句話的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。4.(2013·山東高考)Thereisnosimpleanswer,_______isoftenthecaseinscience.A.as B.that C.when D.where【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:沒有一個簡單的答案,這在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里是常有的事。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,代替前面的情況,意為“正如,正像”。5.(2013·浙江高考)Thechildren,

hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhat B.allofwhichC.allofthem D.allofwhom【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:孩子們都累了,他們都玩了一整天。該定語從句的先行詞為children,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語,只能用whom。故選D。6.(2013·浙江高考)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform_____

visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:博物館將于春天開放,屆時將有一個展覽,還將有一個看臺,在看臺上游客可以看到正在建設(shè)中的大玻璃房子。該空引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為platform,該空在從句中作地點狀語,只能用where。故選B。7.(2013·遼寧高考)Hemaywinthecompetition,_____

heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcase B.inthatcaseC.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:他可能會贏得比賽,那樣的話他就很可能進(jìn)入國家隊了。逗號一般不可連接兩個句子,故排除B。因為是定語從句,故排除C。此處要用which代指上文說的情況,而whose是作定語的,此處不符合句意。8.(2013·福建高考)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which【解析】選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:這本書通過那些生命受到影響的人的見證講述了地震的故事。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知those后為定語從句,先行詞是those,空格處在從句中作lives的定語,故用關(guān)系詞whose。9.(2013·湖南高考)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whom

B.who

C.what

D.which【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:幸福與成功通常降臨于那些擅長于認(rèn)識到自己的長處的人。who在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作主語,符合題目結(jié)構(gòu)。whom引導(dǎo)定語從句也修飾人,但是在從句中作賓語或用于“介詞+whom”結(jié)構(gòu)中。10.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”______.A.asthesayinggoesoldB.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoesD.goesasoldthesaying【解析】選C。考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。句意:常言道:“人不可貌相?！盿s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,從句用正常的語序,as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。astheoldsayinggoes是固定表達(dá),表示“常言道,俗話說”。

Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanmadeanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.whichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______helpIsolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhich用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.ThisisthenewcarthatIboughtitlastweek._____2.ThemancameyesterdayisourEnglishteacher.______3.Iknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeetinglastweek._______4.Thosewhowantstogotherepleasewritedownnames.______5.I,whoisyourgoodfriend,willtrymybestto