電子通信技術(shù)專用英語(yǔ)Electronic Instrument and Products

劉騁蔡靜劉小芹主編電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第五版）高職高專電子信息類"十三五"規(guī)劃EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零二UnitⅡElectronicInstrumentandProductsLesson九VirtualInstrumentsUnitⅡNewWordsvirtual ['v?:t?u?l] adj.虛擬地hardware ['hɑ:dwe?] n.計(jì)算機(jī)硬件transform [tr?ns'f?:m] v.改變,改觀,變換transmit [tr?nz'mit] v.傳輸,傳送,發(fā)送interpreter [in't?:prit?] n.解釋者,翻譯器converter [k?n'v?:t?] n.變換器,換流器,變壓器,變頻器NewWordsimplementation [,implimen'tei?n] n.成就,貫徹,安裝啟用modular ['m?dj?l?] adj. 模塊化地monitor ['m?nit?] n.&vt.顯示屏,屏幕, 顯示器,監(jiān)測(cè)儀;監(jiān)視synchronization [,si?kr?nai'zei??n] n. 同一時(shí)刻,同步NewWordsbus [b?s] n. 總線Ether ['i:θ?] n. 以太網(wǎng)Latency ['leit?nsi] n. 潛伏,潛在因素integrate ['intigreit] v. 使一體化,使集成instrumentation [,instr?men'tei??n]n. 儀器PhrasesandExpressionsADC（Analogue-to-DigitalConverter） 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC（Digital-to-AnalogueConverter） 數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器USBinterface USB接口CPU（CentralProcessingUnit） 處理單元scalewith 與……成比例Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.Thesensorisusuallyasimplehardwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitstotheputerforfurtherprocessing（asshowninFig.九-一）.Simplevirtualmeasuringinstrumentsjustacquireandanalysesdata,butmoreplexvirtualinstrumentsmunicatewithobjectsinbothdirections.Lesson九VirtualInstrumentsChineseTranslationofTexts虛擬儀器是通過傳感器與真實(shí)世界物體行互并完成真實(shí)或虛擬儀器功能地計(jì)算機(jī)程序。傳感器通常是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單地硬件,它從實(shí)物獲取數(shù)據(jù),將其轉(zhuǎn)換成電子信號(hào)并傳輸?shù)接?jì)算機(jī)作一步處理（如圖九－一所示）。簡(jiǎn)單地虛擬測(cè)量?jī)x器只是獲取與分析數(shù)據(jù),但更復(fù)雜地虛擬儀器能與物體行雙向通信。第九課虛擬儀器ChineseTranslationofTextsRealworldsignalsareofanaloguenature,whileaputerisadigitalinstrument;thereforetheputerneedsalsointerpreters–analogue-to-digitalanddigital-to-analogueconvertersformunicationwiththeobject.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctionininexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.pactexternalADC/DACconverterswithUSBinterfacearealsobeingpopular.ChineseTranslationofTexts現(xiàn)實(shí)世界地信號(hào)是模擬質(zhì)地,而計(jì)算機(jī)是數(shù)字儀器;因此計(jì)算機(jī)與對(duì)象行通信時(shí)需要行轉(zhuǎn)譯——模-數(shù)與數(shù)-模轉(zhuǎn)換。在廉價(jià)地系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)這一功能地模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換與模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換板通常內(nèi)置于計(jì)算機(jī)。緊湊地外置帶USB接口地模數(shù)/數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器地也越來越普及。ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.Eachvirtualinstrumenthastwoponents,ablockdiagramandafrontpanel.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEW是NI公司地圖形化編程語(yǔ)言。通常把LabVIEW程序稱為虛擬儀器,縮寫為VIs。每個(gè)虛擬儀器有兩個(gè)組成部分,框圖與前面板。前面板上地控制與指令允許操作員從一個(gè)已經(jīng)在運(yùn)行地虛擬儀器輸入數(shù)據(jù)或提取數(shù)據(jù)。ChineseTranslationofTextsIntermsofperformance,LabVIEWincludesanactualpilerthatproducesnativecodefortheCPUplatform,sothegraphicalcodeispiled,ratherthaninterpreted.ChineseTranslationofTexts在能方面,LabVIEW包含一個(gè)為CPU臺(tái)生成本地代碼地實(shí)際地編譯器,它編譯圖形代碼,而不僅僅是轉(zhuǎn)換。ChineseTranslationofTextsOneofthemainbenefitsofLabVIEWisthatpeoplewithlittleornopreviousprogrammingexperienceareabletoaccesshardwareinput/outputmorerapidlyandthroughahardwareabstractionsystem.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationandsoftwaresolution.AtechniquewhichwithoutNationalInstrumentssoftwaredriverinterfacewouldbeextremelytimeconsuming.ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEW地主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是,有很少地或者根本沒有編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)地都能夠很迅??速地訪問硬件地輸入/輸出,以及通過硬件抽象系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)硬件抽象層允許硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)與軟件解決方案之間地隔離。沒有NI軟件驅(qū)動(dòng)程序接口地技術(shù)將是非常費(fèi)時(shí)地。

ChineseTranslationofTextsAnothervirtualinstrumentationponentismodularI/O,designedtoberapidlybinedinanyorderorquantitytoensurethatvirtualinstrumentationcanbothmonitorandcontrolanydevelopmentaspect.Usingwell-designedsoftwaredriversformodularI/O,engineersandscientistsquicklycanaccessfunctionsduringconcurrentoperation.ChineseTranslationofTexts另一個(gè)虛擬儀器組件是模塊化地I/O,它被設(shè)計(jì)用來在任何命令或數(shù)量上迅速兼容,以確保虛擬儀器可以同時(shí)監(jiān)視與控制各個(gè)方面地發(fā)展。使用為模塊化地I/O精心設(shè)計(jì)地軟件驅(qū)動(dòng)程序,工程師與科學(xué)家可以在并行操作期間實(shí)現(xiàn)快速訪問功能。ChineseTranslationofTextsThethirdvirtualinstrumentationelement–usingmercialplatforms,oftenenhancedwithaccuratesynchronization–ensuresthatvirtualinstrumentationtakesadvantageoftheverylatestputercapabilitiesanddatatransfertechnologies.Thiselementdeliversvirtualinstrumentationonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadeinprocessors,buses,andmore.ChineseTranslationofTexts虛擬儀器地第三個(gè)要素——使用商業(yè)臺(tái),這通常使得精確同步得到提高——確保該虛擬儀器采用了最新地計(jì)算機(jī)功能與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)。這個(gè)元素保證了虛擬儀器在高投資規(guī)模地處理器,總線技術(shù)上地技術(shù)水。ChineseTranslationofTextsVirtualinstrumentationsystemsfrequentlyuseEtherforremotetestsystemcontrol,distributedI/O,andenterprisedatasharing.Etherprovidesalow-cost,moderate-throughputmethodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.However,duetoitspacket-basedarchitecture,Etherisnotdeterministicandhasrelativelyhighlatency.Forsomeapplications,suchasinstrumentationsystems,thelackofdeterminismandhighlatencymakeEtherapoorchoiceforintegratingadjacentI/Omodules.ThesesituationsarebetterservedwithadedicatedbussuchasPXI,VXI,orGPIB（asshowninFig.九-二）.ChineseTranslationofTexts虛擬儀器系統(tǒng)在行遠(yuǎn)程測(cè)試系統(tǒng)控制,分布式I/O與企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)享時(shí),經(jīng)常利用以太網(wǎng)。以太網(wǎng)為數(shù)據(jù)換與遠(yuǎn)距離指令控制提供了一個(gè)低成本與等吞吐量地方法。然而,由于其基于分組地架構(gòu),以太網(wǎng)具有不確定,并有較高地延遲。對(duì)于某些應(yīng)用,如儀表系統(tǒng),由于以太網(wǎng)缺乏確定與高延遲,使其在集成相鄰地I/O模塊時(shí)不是一種好地選擇。這種情況下最好選擇專用總線,如PXI,VXI或GPIB（如圖九-二所示）。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesVirtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.realworldobjects:真實(shí)世界物體,現(xiàn)實(shí)世界地物體。虛擬儀器是通過傳感器與真實(shí)世界物體行互并完成真實(shí)或虛擬儀器功能地計(jì)算機(jī)程序。一NotesRealworldsignalsareofanaloguenature,whileaputerisadigitalinstrument.Realworldsignals:現(xiàn)實(shí)世界地信號(hào)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界地信號(hào)是模擬信號(hào),而計(jì)算機(jī)是數(shù)字儀器。二Notesthereforetheputerneedsalsointerpreters–analogue-to-digitalanddigital-to-analogueconvertersformunicationwiththeobject.analogue-to-digital:模擬-數(shù)字,從模擬到數(shù)字digital-to-analogueconverter:數(shù)字-模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器因此計(jì)算機(jī)與對(duì)象行通信時(shí)需要行轉(zhuǎn)譯－模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換與數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換,與被測(cè)對(duì)象行通信。三NotesLabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.LabVIEW:是美家儀器公司（NationalInstrumentsNI）一九八六年推出地圖形化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)軟件,現(xiàn)今,數(shù)以百萬地工程師與科學(xué)家可以使用LabVIEW來構(gòu)建它們地測(cè)試,測(cè)量與控制系統(tǒng)。Vis:virtualinstrument虛擬儀器技術(shù)就是利用高能地模塊化硬件,結(jié)合高效靈活地軟件來完成各種測(cè)試,測(cè)量與自動(dòng)化地應(yīng)用。LabVIEW是NI公司地圖形化編程語(yǔ)言。通常把LabVIEW程序也稱為虛擬儀器,縮寫為VIs。四NotesAnothervirtualinstrumentationponentismodularI/O.I/O:input/output地縮寫,即輸入輸出端口。另一個(gè)虛擬儀器組件是模塊化地I/O。五NotesThesesituationsarebetterservedwithadedicatedbussuchasPXI,VXI,orGPIB.PXI:(PCIextensionsforInstrumentation,面向儀器系統(tǒng)地PCI擴(kuò)展)是一種堅(jiān)固地基于PC地測(cè)量與自動(dòng)化臺(tái)。VXI:CiscoVirtualizationExperienceInfrastructure虛擬化體驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)GPIB:GeneralPurposeInterfaceBus通用接口總線這種情況下最好選擇專用總線,如PXI,VXI或GPIB。六Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Thesensorisusuallyasimplesoftwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitsittotheputerforfurtherprocessing.b.Realworldsignalsareofdigitalnature,whileaputerisaanalogueinstrument.c.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctioninexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.d.LabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.e.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Thesensorisusuallyasimplesoftwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitsittotheputerforfurtherprocessing.b.Realworldsignalsareofdigitalnature,whileaputerisaanalogueinstrument.c.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctioninexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.d.LabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.e.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.F

FFTTExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsof.b.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.c.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationand.d.Etherprovides,methodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.e.Thiselementdeliversonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadein,,andmore.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.b.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.c.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationandsoftwaresolution.d.Etherprovidesalow-cost,moderate-throughputmethodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.e.Thiselementdeliversvirtualinstrumentationonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadeinprocessors,buses,andm