高中英語定語從句導學案及高中英語定語從句教案

個性化教案定語從句Step=1\*ROMANIThinkitover(想一想)定語從句的定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語。(1)定語從句：修飾某一個________或_________的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句在句子中起_________作用，有時也可以修飾一個句子。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫做___________。定語從句必須放在先行詞的___________。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括_______________和______________。引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有:___________________________________________引導定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有:__________________________________關(guān)系詞通常有兩個作用A.引導定語從句B.代替先行詞在從句中擔當一個成分。(4)定語從句分為___________性定語從句和__________性定語從句兩種。形式上：限制性定語從句前________逗號和主句隔開。非限制性定語從句前________逗號和主句隔開。意義上：限制性定語從句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分。非限制性定語從句起補充說明作用，省去后不影響主句的意思。StepⅡFillintheblanks(填一填)關(guān)系詞先行詞充當從句的WhoWhomWhichThatAsWhoseWhen（=）Where（=）why（=）StepⅢHaveatry(試一試)根據(jù)以上表格填空，每空可填多個詞。Thisisthefactory_____________________wevisitedlastweek.Thisisthewatch______________________Tomislookingfor.Theperson______________________youspoketoisastudentofGradeTwo.Thehouse______________________weliveisverysmall.Thereason_________________________hedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.Theboy,____________________________motherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.Iwillneverforgetthedays____________________wehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.Those______________wanttogowithmeputupyourhands.Wearegoingtovisittheschool______________________yourbrotherworks.__________isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Exploration(探究互動Exploration(探究互動) 一．定語從句做題步驟：a.找出先行詞，通常先行詞都是_________或____________。b.判斷先行詞在定語從句中做什么成分。根據(jù)以上表格確認應該使用什么關(guān)系詞。二．定語從句中應該注意：1）只能用that不能用which的情況有先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等時先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時先行詞是形容詞最高級或它的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時先行詞既有人也有物時有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用who或which，另外一個最好用that2）只能用which不能用that的情況有在非限制性定語從句中只能用which，不能用that。在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which不能用that。3）如果先行詞在從句中做_________時，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。4）先行詞在定語從句中做_________的賓語時，介詞可以提前到___________前面。5)先行詞在從句中做主語時從句的謂語動詞要和_________保持一致。PractisingPractising(課堂檢測)1.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,_____________makesitpossibleforplantstogrow.2.I’vereadallthebooks_________________Iborrowedfromthelibrary.Thisisthebestfilm_________________Ihaveeverseen.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersons__________________theyrememberedinthecountry.Everything___________________wesawwasofgreatinterest.Hisdog,_______________wasnowveryold,becomeillanddied.Ihavetwosisters,bothof______________aredoctors.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______________hasbeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.Whoistheman_____________haswhitehairs?I,who_______(be)yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.Theperson______________youspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.HomeworkHomework1.Thisisthetrain____wewenttoShanghai.A.bywhich

B.bythat

C.whose

D.where2.--HaveyoueverbeentoRome?

--No,butthat'sthecity________.A.whereImostliketovisit

B.I'dmostliketovisitC.whichIliketovisitmost

D.whereI'dlikemosttovisit3.Hekeepsarecordofeverything__________hehadseenthere.

A.heB.thatC.whichD.what4.Mr.JohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity__________hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what5.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone________Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that6.Isthisthemuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone7.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone8.Thisistheveryfilm__________I'velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom9.Whoistheperson________isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom10.Thehouse_________thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when11.Thisisthebaby_______tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllook

B.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafter

D.afterwhomIshalllookafter12.That'sthehotel_______lastyear.A.whichwestayed

B.atthatwestayedC.Wherewestayedat

D.wherewestayed13.Anyone_________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainst

C.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst14.Theplace_________youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when15.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine_______Ithought.A.asB.that

C.whichD.／16._______youknow,heisafamousmusician.A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.／17.Mr.Zhou,_______nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.A.whoseB.his

C.whichD.that18.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,________wehadsomephotostaken.A.where

B.whichC.that

D.／19.Doyouremembertheday_______yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?A.which

B.onwhich

C.aboutwhich

D.／20.Doyouknowthereason________hedidn'tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.why標題名稱按題庫管理系統(tǒng)中考綱知識點設(shè)定適用學科高中英語適用年級高中三年級適用區(qū)域全國使用人教版教材地區(qū)課時時長（分鐘）240分鐘知識點1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學目標1、掌握定語從句中關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的用法；2、能區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法；3、掌握as引導的定語從句的用法；4、能區(qū)分as與which引導的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；5、能區(qū)分定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別。教學重點1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學難點1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導的定語從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導定語從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句；6、非限制性定語從句教學過程一、復習預習1、對上節(jié)課課后作業(yè)中的問題進行查漏補缺；2、導入：e.g.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisabeautifulgirlwhodrivesmecrazy.二、知識講解（一）定語從句定義1、定語從句：在復合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面。2、先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。3、關(guān)系詞：用來引導定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞的種類：關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why4、定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。a、Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.b、InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.c、Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.d、OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定語從句分類限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，對先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連，缺少它則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞關(guān)系松散，用逗號隔開。1、ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(限定性)2、Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(非限定性)（三）關(guān)系代詞1、who指人，在定語從句中作主語。e.g.ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.2、Whom指人，在句中做賓語，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語是只能用whom,不能用who。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時不能省略。e.g.Iknowthegirl(whom)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3、whose,作定語，可指人或物e.g.Everyoneheplpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhosehomeworkwasn’thandedin.4、that指人或物，多指物，作主語（不能省略）或賓語（可省略）e.g.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.5、which,指物，在句中做主語（不能省略），或賓語（可省略）。e.g.Thisisaplantwhichgrowsinthenorth.☆常用that不用which的情況1、當先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代詞時，只用that。歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準沒錯。PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.2、當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬不要用which。Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveread. 3、如果出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，并同時兼指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞用that。歌訣助記：兩項并列人與物，引導定從用that。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.4、當先行詞被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等修飾時。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.5、在疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句中，為了避免重復只用that。Whichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.6、當被修飾的成分是數(shù)詞時，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時除外）只用that.I’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.☆常用which，不用that的情況1、引導非限制性定語從句。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。2、直接放在介詞后作賓語時（介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中）。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。（四）關(guān)系副詞1、when指時間（1）在定語從句中作狀語，先行詞主要為一些時間名詞（year,day,time,week等）,但時間名詞在從句中作主語，賓語時，應用that，which，不能用whene.g.I’llneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.作狀語Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.做主語Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.做賓語（2）Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中，that是習慣用法，不用when。e.g.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.2、where指地點（1）指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。e.g.IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.（2）指地點，在句中作主語，賓語時不能用where，須用that/which.e.g.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years（作狀語）.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.（作賓語）e.g.Thisistheshool｛inwhich/wherewestudyeveryyear.（作狀語）Thisistheshoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.（作賓語） . （3）當先行詞為某個方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時使用關(guān)系副詞3、why表示原因“thereasonwhy….that….”中，不能用because代替that.e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在從句中做賓語時，關(guān)系代詞用that/which,可省略e.g.Idon’tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.（五）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語如lookafter等中的介詞不能與動詞分開，故不能放在關(guān)心代詞之前。確定介詞時：一是，依據(jù)定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配；二是，依據(jù)先行詞的某種習慣搭配；三是，根據(jù)所要表達的意思來確定。e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.（六）非限定性定語從句關(guān)系代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom，指地點用where，指時間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語用whose。e.g.Hedidn’tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)（七）as引導的限制性定語從句A.such….as和thesame…as的用法such….as：像….一樣的，像…..之類；thesame…as：和…..同樣的在這兩個句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，such和same作定語，修飾主語里的某個名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任主語、賓語或表語。Eg：Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(在從句中作主語)Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemastheycannotworkout.（在從句中作賓語）Theresultisnotthesameastheyhadexpected.(在從句中作賓語)重點比較:thesame…as…和thesame…that…thesame…as…:和…..相同（代指同類事物）；thesame…that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）兩者都引導定語從句。as從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一個。Eg：Heisreadingthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenthatIlost.(指同一支筆)Thisisthesame(kind/type/sort)ofpenasIlost.（指同類型的筆，但并不是我丟失的那一支）B.….suchas…的用法….suchas…中的such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物”，as在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞such。Eg：ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.HetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasIhadneverhadbefore.相關(guān)鏈接：suchas還有“諸如，例如，像…那樣的”的意思，此時后面跟名詞或名詞短語等。Eg：Theyboughtalotoffruit,suchasapples,oranges,etc.（八）as引導的非限制性定語從句as可以像which一樣引導非限制性定語從句，用來代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語或整個句子。as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。此外，有些as引導的定語從句已成為固定用法，如：AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那樣AsisreportedAswasexpected正如預料的那樣Eg：Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.重點比較：as和which引導的非限制性定語從句的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別1、as和which都可以代替整個句子，當定語從句置于主句之后時，as和which可以和互換。Eg：Hedidn’ttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.2、Which引導的從句，代表的前面的整個主句時，不能放在主句之前。而as引導的定語從句，代表整個主句時，可以放在主句之前或之后，有時也可以放在主語和謂語之間。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.As與that的區(qū)別As引導的定語從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的內(nèi)容相似，即指同類事物；that引導定語從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句相同，即為同一事物。e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆。（九）同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別1、同位語從句和定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，通常位于某一名詞或代詞之后，但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別：同為語從句對名詞性成分加以補充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)（相當于名詞的作用）。That引導的同位語從句中引導詞that不在該同位語從句中充當成分，但不能被省略，同位語從句還可以用whether,how等連詞引導（定語從句則不能）。定語從句對先行詞加以限制或修飾，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征（相當于一個形容詞的作用），定語從句的引導詞均在該定語從句中充當成分（that在其引導的限定性定語從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，充當定語從句的賓語，that可以省略）注意體會一下三組例句。第一組Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.我們解決不了如何才能超過光的速度這個問題。Ican’tremembertheproblemthattheyhave.我記不得他們的問題了。第二組Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他對他母親撒謊的事實Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.我不愿相信他告訴我的事實。第三組ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆來年將出國。三、例題精析例題1.【2011全國卷I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【解析】C。句意為“獎項將會頒發(fā)給故事展示了豐富想象力的作者?！备鶕?jù)從句不缺成分和它與先行詞的關(guān)系可判斷前后為所屬關(guān)系，選whose作定語。例題2.〖10全國Ⅱ〗Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what【解析】B。從句缺主語，先行詞為物。例題3.【2011江蘇卷】Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【解析】A。從句不缺任何成分，且先行詞為時間。例題4.〖08浙江〗Y(jié)esterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.when B.where C.that D.which【解析】D。從句缺賓語，且為非限制性定語從句。例題5.(2013陜西)______

isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.It

B.That

C.What

D.As【解析】D。固定搭配“asisoftenthecase”，像通常一樣。例題6.(2012浙江卷)Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom【解析】B。從句缺主語且先行詞為人。四、課堂運用【基礎(chǔ)】1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.Which

B.where

C.what

D.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspoke

B.towhospoke

C.Ispoketo

D.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayed

B.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedat

D.wheretheystayed【鞏固】4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.which

B.that

C.when

D.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.

A.which

B.onwhich

C.inwhich

D.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.where

B.towhich

C.which

D.inwhich【拔高】7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyear

B.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyear

D.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalked

B.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked

D.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhich

B.inwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich課程小結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識點相對比較多但難度系數(shù)不大，主要是講定語從句的各個關(guān)系詞具體用法。主要從九個方面進行講解，詳細講解了定語從句中各個關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的用法和區(qū)別。本部分的學習還是要求學生掌握關(guān)鍵詞，具體什么時候需要使用關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞，什么叫做定語從句，希望學生能夠保持思路清晰，做題的時候十拿九穩(wěn)。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,