第13講 任務(wù)型閱讀專項-2021年新初三英語暑假講義

第十三講任務(wù)型閱讀專項

Mobilephonehistory

Notlongago,mobilephoneswereusedmainlybybusinesspeopleandgovernment

officersinsociety.IntheUS,mobilephoneuserswereabout340,000in1985.Nowthere

are205millionmobilephoneusersintheUS.Studiesalsoshowthatover50percentof

childrenintheUSowntheirownpersonalmobilephones.Themobilephoneexplosion（激增）

hasledtoahugenumberofwastephones.Thenumberofmobilephonesusershasalso

increasedthroughouttheworld.Inthemiddleof2005,thenumberoftotalusersjumpedto2.4

billionworldwide.

Mobilephonewaste

Whenpeoplethrowtheirmobilephonesaway,theyusuallyendupintheopenair.Mobilephonesincludesome

materialslikelead,mercuryandcadmium.Theycangointopublicdrinkingwaterandfoodanddoharmto

people'shealth.About75percentofmobilephoneusersdon'tthrowtheirphonesaway.Instead,theypreferto

keepthewasteonessittingaroundthehouseastheyarenotworthverymuch.Peoplearealsoafraidthatothers

mayknowtheirinformationiftheyselltheirwastephones.Lessthan20percentofthemarerecycledeachyear.

Benefits（益處）ofrecyclingmobilephones

Mobilephoneshavevaluablematerialsinside.Themostvaluablematerialisgold,whichisusedinthephone

circuitboards.Recyclingcanreducegreenhousegasemissions（排放物）andkeepnaturalresourceslikegold.Ifall

ofthewastephonesintheUSarerecycled,itwillsaveenoughenergytoofferover194,000U.S.familieselectricity

（電）foroneyear.

Howmobilephonerecyclingworks

Manypeopledonotknowhowmobilephonerecyclingworks.Onemethodofrecyclingmobilephonesisto

taketheworkingpartsofbrokenphones,thencombine（使結(jié)合）themwiththeworkingpartsofotherusedmobile

phonestomakeoneready-to-usemobilephone.Anothermethodofmobilephonerecyclingistomelt（熔化）down

andseparatepartsofthephoneinordertogetthevaluablenaturalresources,suchasgoldandplatinum.Plasticand

glasscanalsoberecycledfromusedmobilephones.

Theusedmobilephones

?Comparedwiththeconditionin1985,thereare]mobilephone

usersatpresent.

Mobilephone?Morethan2ofthechildreninAmericahavetheirownpersonal

history

mobilephones.

?Themobilephoneexplosionhas3ahugenumberofwastephones.

?Somematerials,suchaslead,mercuryandcadmiuminthemobilephones

are4topeople'shealth.

Mobilephonewaste?Three-quartersoftheusersprefertokeepthewastephonessittingaround

thehouse5ofthrowingthemaway.

?Somematerialsareofgreat6.Theycanbeusedagain.

Benefitsofrecycling?Itcan7plentyofelectricityforAmericanfamiliesifthewaste

phonesarerecycled.

?Onewayistojoinworkingpartsof9orusedphonestogether.

?10wayistomeltdownandseparatepartsofthephonetogetthe

Howrecycling_8_

valuablenaturalresources.

2

Ifsabigchallengeforyoutocompleteanypersonalgoalintime.Anditalwaysseemsthatyouwon'thaveenough

timetofinishallyouneedtodo.Doyouknowthewaytomakethetimeforyourgoal?Herearesometipswhich

mayhelpyou.

Focusononethingatatime.Remembernottotakeontoomanygoalsatatime,oryourenergywillbeused

upsoon.Onceonegoalisfinished,youcangotothenextone.Setupatleastamonthpergoal.

Prioritize（優(yōu)先處理）themostimportant.Wehavemorethanonethingtocomplete.Ifweputallthethings

beforeourgoal,wewon'teverfindthetimeforit.Ifweputourgoalatthefirstplace,we'Hmakethetime.

Keepyourgoalsimple.Ifsimportantnottomakeyourgoaltoodifficult.Ifyouwanttobeslim,forexample,

youjustneedtodevelopthehabitforyourhealth,walkingeachday（orrunning,orcyclingetc）,drinkingmore

water,eatingfruitsandvegetablesinsteadofjunksnacks.

Shutyourdoor.Trytosetatimethatyouwon'tbedisturbed（打擾）,Ifyouaredisturbedfromtimetotime,

youreallydon*thavethetimetohelpout.Soyoumustshutyourdoorwhenworkingonthemostimportanttasks.

Ifso,youwillgetthemdonebetter.

Stopwastingtime.Inourdailylife,therearemanythingswastingyourtime,suchaswatchingdramaseries

andgoingtobars.Ifyoudon'tdothem,itwon'tmakeagreatdifferencetoyourlife.Sostopdoingthemtofreeup

timeforyourgoals.

Ifyoufollowtheabove,youwillsucceedtoachieveyourgoal

]toMaketheTimeforYourPersonalGoals

Focusonone?Onegoalatime,oryourenergywillbe3upsoon.

thingatatime.?Setupatleastamonthpergoal.

Prioritizethe?Don'tputotherthingsbeforeourgoal.

mostimportant?Ifyourgoalcomes4,we'llmakethetime.

Keepyourgoal?It'simportantnottomakeyourgoal5.

Some

simple?Togetslim,youneedtodevelopa6habit.

helpful

?Youneedtosetatimeto7beingdisturbed.

2Shutyourdoor

?Keepyourdoor8_ifyouwanttogetthegoalsdonebetter.

?Manythingsarejustawasteoftimelikewatchingdramaseries

Stopwastingandgoingtobars.

time?Itwon't9yourlifealotifyoudon'tdothem.

?Stopthemtofreeuptimeforyourgoals.

Youwillachieveyourgoal10ifyoufollowtheabove.

3

Windisapowerfulforce（力量）innature.Windenergyisoneofthecausesofgreatwavesintheworld's

oceans.Windscanhelpcreatepowerftilstorms,butwindisaforceyoucan'tseebutcansurelyfeel.Itspowercan

beusedtocreateelectricityforcitiesandthecountryside.

WindcanalsopowermanyexpressionsinAmericanEnglish.Let'sstartwithasimpleone.Ifyourunlikethe

wind,youareaveryfastrunner.Afterrunning,sometimesyoucanfeelfullofenergy.Therunnergetswhatwecall

asecondwind.Weusethisexpressionwhenwearetired,butthengetmoreenergytofinishsomething.For

example,sometimesIfeeltiredafterwork.Butafterashortrestandacupoftea,Igetmysecondwind.Tmready

todosomethingfunwithmyfriendsandfamily.

Ifyouaredoingsomethingdifficult,itisgoodtohavethewindatyourback.Inthisway,itiseasiertogo

forward.It^alwaysmoredifficulttodosomethinginastrongwind-unlessyouaresailing.

Knowingthedirectionofthewindisthemostimportantpartofsailing.Whenwindfillsasail,itmakesthe

boatgofaster.Ifyoutakethewindoutofsomeone'ssails,youpreventthemfromreachingtheirgoals.Youcreatea

barrier（障礙）orstoptheminsomeway.Inlife,it'sluckytohavefriendswhowanttofillyoursailswithwindand

nottakeitout.

Lefsturnfromsailingtomusic.Manysongwritersusetheimage（形象）ofwindintheirsongs.Ifsomething

suchasanideaisblowinginthewind,itisbeingdiscussedbuthasyettobedecided.Whenasingersings“you

don'tneedaweathermantoknowwhichwaythewindblows,"hemeansthatyoudon'tneedsomeoneinpowerto

confirmsomethingforyou.Justtrustyourself.Youcanfinditoutonyourown.So,whenyouknowwhichwaythe

windblows,youknowwhatisgoingon.

Nowyouknowwhichwaythewindblows.Thenhowcanyouusetheseexpressionsproperly?First,read

themaoudandkeeptheminmind.Then,practiceusingthemandtestyourself.Youknow,practicemakesperfect.

Doyouknowwhichwaythewindblows?

Apowerfulforce?Windmay[greatwavesintheworld'soceans,canhelpcreate

innaturestormandbeusedtocreateelectricity.

?Apersonwhorunslikethewindisavery3runner.

About?Whentherunnergetsa4windafterrunning,hefeels

runningfullofenergyagain.

?Ifyouaresailing,ifsmuch5togoforwardwiththe

windatyourback.

About?Whenasailis6withwind,theboatwillgofaster.

Windanditssailing?Youare7tohaveafriendwhowantstotakethewind

2outofyoursail.

?Theimageofwindis8bymanysongwriters.

?Whenanideaisblowinginthewind,ithasn'tbeendecided

Aboutandneeds_9_.

music?Whenyouknowwhichwaythewindblows,youknow

whatisgoingon.

10on?Readthemaloudandrememberthem.

learning?Practiceusingthemandtestyourself.

4

Eco?friendly（環(huán)保）raingardenshavebeautifulflowers,treesandotherplantsthatbeautifythecommunity.

Theyarealsohealthyfortheenvironmentandthepeoplelivingandworkingnearby.Araingardenisnotvery

differentfromatraditionalgarden,Itisjustfarmoreeco-friendly.Usuallyitisbuiltlowerthantheground.

WhyEco-friendlyRainGardensAreRecommended

Raingardenssmartlyusedrainandstormwaterbytemporarily（暫時）holdingwaterfromrainandstorms

andlettingitsoak（滲透）slowlyintothegroundbeforeitrunsintostreamsorentersthepublicdrinkingwater

supply.Inthisway,araingardenkeepsthewater,allowingittobeusedasneededbyplantsintheraingarden,

ratherthanflowing（流）directlyintonearbystreamsandgoingunused,Thewaterwillsoak.Slowlyintotheground

withinadayortwo.Thiscreatesanadvantagethattheraingardendoesnotallowmosquitoes（蚊子）tobreed（繁殖）.

Thisisasimple,attractive,andeco-friendly“green“waytotreatstonnwater.

What'smore,plantingaraingardenhelpscutdownonpollutionandmaketheenvironmentbetter.The

gardensdon'tuseexpensivemachineryandchemicals.Theyremoveharmfulchemicalsintherainwaterandreduce

theamountofpollutionreachingstreamsandriversbyupto30%.

HowYouBuildYourOwnRainGardens

Native（本地的）plantsarerecommendedforraingardensbecausetheyaremoreusedtothelocalclimate（氣

候），soil,andwaterconditions.Theymayattractlocalwildlifesuchasnativebirds.Wateryourraingardenright

afterplantingandonceaweek.Don'twateritifyouhavehadatleastaninchofrainduringtheweek.Youneedn't

takemuchcareofitoncetheplantshaveanecessaryrootsystem（根系統(tǒng)）.

Often,localgovernmentsandprivatebusinessesdeveloplargeraingardensintheiryardsandinpublicparks.

However,youcandoyourownpart.Youdon'tneedtobeanenvironmentalengineertocreatearaingarden.Just

startbybuildingsmallerraingardensinyouryards.

Eco-friendlyRainGardens

Definition?Eco-friendlyraingardensarefarmoreeco-friendlygardens]underthe

ground.

（定義）

?Raingardensuserainin3ways.Rainwaterisheldandsoaksintothe

groundbeforerunningintostreamsor4thedrinkingwatersupply.

2of

raingardens?They_5_mosquitoesfrombreeding.

?Theyhelptocutdownonpollutionand6theenvironment.30%ofthe

pollutionisreduced7usingmachineryandchemicals.

Howyou?Usenativeplantsbecausetheyaremoreusedandmayattract8.

buildthe

?Waterthegarden9youhavehadatleastaninchofrainduringthe

garden

week.

Conclusion?Tocreatesuchagarden,youneedn'tbeanenvironmental10.Juststart

bybuildingsmallonesinyouryards.

5

TheUniversityofStAndrewsisthesettingofroyal（皇家的）love:onthegroundsof

thisgreatScottishuniversityPrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonfirstmetandfellin

love.

Morethanthat,StAndrewsisScotland'sfirstuniversityandoneoftheoldest

universitiesintheEnglish-speakingworld.Foundedin1413（justafterOxfordand

Cambridge）,over6hundredyears,theuniversityhasbeenwellknownasoneof

Europe*sleadingandmostdistinctive（有特色的）centersforteachingandresearch.

StAndrewsislocatedinasmall,historicaltowntothecoastofNorthEastScotland.Theuniversityitselfisthe

perfectplaceforlearning.Onaverage（平均）oneinthreepeopleyouseeinthestreethavesomethingtodowiththe

university.Youstarttofeelveryquicklythatyoubelong.

AsastudentinStAndrews,playinggolfisamust.Withthetownitselfknownaroundtheworldas"The

HomeofGolf5',theuniversityiswithinminutesoftheancientgolf-playinggroundintheworld,theOldCourse,

justnearthesea.Studentscantakeabreakfromtheirstudiesbyenjoyingagameofgolf,andtheuniversityitselfis

apopularplacetogo.

Ithasoneofthelowestdropout（輟學(xué)）ratesintheUK-98percentofstudentscompletetheirdegree.Perhaps

itspopularityisinpartbecauseofthefactthatStAndrewsisgoodfornearlyeverysubject.Ithaslongbeenamong

theUK'slopfive._________________________________________________________________

StAndrewsUniversity

Scotland'sfirstuniversityandthe1oldestuniversityinthe

History

English-speakingworld

?ItliesinasmalltownonthecoastofNorthEastScotland,a

perfectplaceforlearning.

Itslearning2?Itprovidesstudentswitha3ofbelongingamongalarge

studentbody（群體）.

?StAndrewsishomeofgolf,sothestudentshereneedtolearnto

playgolf.

Famoussports?Everystudycanbeusedforagameofgolfintheuniversityitself

orontheOldCourse,onlyafewminutes,walk4.

?StAndrewsisgoodfornearlyeverysubject.

?Withoneofthe5dropoutratesintheUK,itisranked

Academic（學(xué)術(shù)的）

amongtheUK*stop.

achievements

?Oversixcenturies,ithasbeenafamousteachingandresearch

centerinEurope.

6

Asweknow,makinganewfriendisn'taneasything.Thismayrequirethatyoustepoutsideofyourcomfortzone,

aswellasriskbeingrefused.Therearefourstepsforbuildingafriendship.

Step1:GathertheWood

Ifyouaretiredofbeinglonely,lookforsomepotentialfriends.Ifthepeoplearoundyouarenottheonesfor

buildingfriendships,youmustfindawaytomeetnewpeople.

Step2:LaytheFire

Beginaconversationwithapotentialfriend.Thispersonaroundyoumaybesurprisedthatyoumakethefirst

move.Forinstance,youmightopenwithsomethinglike"I'vealreadyrun5kmbefore.Howmanyhaveyou

completed?^^

Step3:StriketheMatch

Ifthepotentialfriendrespondswarmlyandyoubothenjoythesmalltalk,youmaywanttotakeanotherstep.

Forinstance,youmightsay,"Wow,thishasbeenfiin!Arethereanyothercoolartshowsaroundtownnow?"

Step4:KeeptheFriendshipFlameBurning

Ifyouandthepotentialfriendarewillingtohaveasecondmeeting,saysomethinglike,“Somanycoolideas

weresharedatthiswriter'sclub,doyouwanttodrinkcoffeeandcontinueourconversation?^^Ifthepotentialfriend

isn'tinterestedinafriendshipandthenfallsbackintothe"acquaintance"or"stranger",thatisOK!Noteveryone

isgoingtobeyournewbestfriend.

Whetheryouandanewfriendcanbuildarelationship,thevalueofgoodfriendsneverdisappears.Bewilling

totakerisks.Keepgoingonandrememberthatnoteveryonecanbeyourfriend,butgoodfriendshipsareworththe

risk.

Title:Some1onhowtobuildandkeepafriendship

It'sdifficulttomakeanewfriend.Youmayfeel2oreventaketherisk

Introduction

ofbeingrefusedwhenyoutrytomakefriendswithothers.

Ifyoufeellikeyouarein3offriends,look

?GathertheWood

forsomepotentialfriends.Ifyoucan'tfindoneat

once,remembertomeetmore4people.

Ifyoumeetapotentialfriend,youcan6the

?5theFire

conversationfirstwithapreparedtopic,suchas

Fourstepssports.

tobuildaIfthepotentialfriendgivestheresponsewarmlyand

?StriketheMatch

friendship7___ofyouenjoythesmalltalk,youmaywantto

takeanotherstep.

?KeeptheFriendshipIfyouandthepotentialfriendare8tomeet

FlameBurningagain,youcaninvitehimorhertodrinkcoffeenext

time.Ifheorsheshowsno9、thatisOK!

Whetheryouandanewfriendcanbuildarelationship,thevalueofgood

Conclusionfriendswilllastforever.10it'snoteasytomakefriends,keepgoing

onandrememberthatnoteveryonecanbeyourbestfriend.

7

Necan'trememberclearlywhenwestartedtotakeourmobilestoadinnertable.Thishappensalot,especiallywhen

weeatout.Onceadishcomes,insteadofliftingourchopsticks,wetakeoutourmobilesandclick.

Later,wepostthephotosontoWfeiboorWfechat,waitingtobe<iiked,\Thenwecheckourmobilesfromtimeto

timeduringthemeal,toseewhetherweget'iiked^ornot.Wbjustcannot

leaveourmobilesforonlyameaL

Doesthatsoundfamiliartoyou?Doyoudothatoften?Ifnot,howdoyoufeelwhenothersdothatwhen

havingdinnerwithyou?

Arecentstudysuggeststhatwhatweareusedtodoingisnotsogood.Spendingtimetakingphotosoffood

makesthefoodlesspleasant.Tbtestthis,someresearchersdidanexperiment.Somepeoplewereaskedtotake

photosbeforetheycouldenjoyfood.Asaresult,itshowedthatthemorephotostheytook,thelessdeliciousthe

foodseemedtothem.So,whynotstoptaking

photosandjustenjoythefoodinfrontofyou?

Besidesthescientificresult,therearealsosomeotherbadinfluencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.

AfterpostingthephotosontotheInternet,onewillnotbeabletocontrolhimselfandcheckhismobilemany

times.4tDoeseveryonelikemyphotos?Ihopealotofpeoplelikethem!”Itseemsthatyourmobilesecretlycalls

yournameallthetime,evenwhenyou

arewithrealpeople.

So,nexttimeyougoouttohavedinnerwithyoucfamilyorfriends,howaboutnotCakingphotosoffood.

___1___takingphotosoffood

?Takephotosoffood2mobiles.

Phenomena?3_thephotosontoWfeiboorW^chat.

（現(xiàn)象）?Checkmobilesfromtimetotimetosee"4_"ornot.

?Thefoodbecomesless_6_becausethemorephotospeopletook,the

lessdeliciouspeople7thefood.

―5____?Peoplealwayscheckthephonesandhavenotimeto_8_withreal

Don'ttakephotosoffood___9__havingdinnerwithyoui

Conclusionfamilyorfriendsat10_

8

In1995,theUNESCO'sGeneralConferenceheldinParisdesignatedtheWorldBookDayonApril23tosay

thankstobooksandwritersworldwideandtoinviteeveryonetobealifelongreader.

Thefollowingreadinglistconsistsof5books,3inEnglishandtheothersinChinese,aboutChinaand

Chineseculture.

1.InsightsintoChineseCulture（中國文化讀本）

AsanoverviewofChineseculture,thisbookshowsmanywaysofChineseculture,theyincludeChinese

customs,scenicspots,scienceandtechnology,folkart,literatureandinternationalculturalexchanges.Manypeople

consideritasaperfectstartforanyonewhowantstolearnaboutChina.

2.QuotationsfromConfucius（孔子語錄）

ThisbookkeepsmostofthewordsandthoughtsfromConfucius,whoisthegreatesteducatorandthinkerin

history.PeoplearoundtheworldthinkConfiicius,teachingideasandphilosophyarestillworkingintoday's

education.

3.ChineseFolkArtseries（中國民間藝術(shù)系列讀本）

PublishedbyShanghaiPeople'sFineArtsPublishingHouse,eachbookfocusesononefolkart,suchas

paper-cutting,clothingandChineseNewYearpicture.Readerscanenjoythebeautifulphotoswhilelearningthe

historyanddevelopmentofeachart.

4.Chinese閨。加小（中國漢字）

ThisbookoffersusamainintroductionaboutthewonderfulcultureofChinesecharacters.Withenough

examples,itprovesthatlearningthemostdifficultlanguageintheworldcanberatherinteresting.

5.Symbols"CT?譏。（中國符號）

TakingaspecialwaytoexplainChineseculture,thisbookchoosesoverahundredculturalsymbolsandtell

thestorybehindeveryoneofthem.Likeahundredsmallmirrors,thesesymbolsshowthevalueoftraditional

Chineseculture.

FivebooksaboutChinaandChineseculture

InsightsintoChineseItshowsmanywayso