音樂術(shù)語大全

音樂術(shù)語大全一、速度1.慢速類Lento約=52慢板Adagio約=56柔板多用于奏鳴曲中段樂章和浪漫派樂曲抒情樂章2.中速類Andante約=66行板Moderato約=88中速多用于奏鳴曲中段樂章和浪漫派樂曲抒情樂章3.快速類Allegretto約=108小快板Allegro約=132快板Presto約=184急板多用于奏鳴曲1.3樂章和練習(xí)曲等4.速度變化類rit漸慢temporubato自由速度，但總時值符合基本速度(這就是肖邦作品中最難的東西)atempo回原速piumosso稍快menomosso稍慢二、力度1.強(qiáng)和弱pp很弱p弱mp中弱mf中強(qiáng)f強(qiáng)ff很強(qiáng)sf突強(qiáng)(貝多芬的典型標(biāo)記)2.力度變化dim漸弱morendo逐漸消失cresc.漸強(qiáng)sempre始終，一直保持三、表情dolce柔和地espress.有表情地cantabile歌唱地grazioso優(yōu)美典雅地mesto憂郁地.悲傷地dolendobrillante輝煌地，炫耀地appass.熱情地，激情地scerzando詼諧，風(fēng)趣地leggiero輕巧地四、奏法legato連奏nonlegato非連奏stace.斷奏，跳音gliss刮奏五、踏板ped踏板senzaped不用踏板u.c.左踏板trec.中踏板(只有三角鋼琴的中踏板在演奏中才有用處)六、其他major大調(diào)minor小調(diào)tema主題m.d.右手m.s.左手tr.顫音tremolo震音D.C.從頭反復(fù)(李查德的比較多)solo獨(dú)奏cadenza華彩accelerando(accel.)漸快的acappella無伴奏合唱absolutemusic純音樂，非標(biāo)題音樂absolutepitch絕對音高(聽覺)abstractmusic抽象音樂accent重音accidental(s)變音記號accordion手風(fēng)琴acoustics聲學(xué)action弦高，即弦距離指板的高度coloraturasoprano花腔女高音commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)comparison對比complextone復(fù)音(compositetone)compoundduplemeter(s)復(fù)二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundinterval復(fù)音程compoundmeter(s)復(fù)拍子compoundquadruplemeter(s)復(fù)四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)compoundtriplemeter(s)復(fù)三拍子(9/4,9/8)concertmaster首席concerto協(xié)奏曲concerto,concierto協(xié)奏曲ConcreteMusic具體音樂Accidentalism偶然主義conductor指揮consonant協(xié)和(音程、和弦)contraC大字二組Ccontrabassoon低音大管Córdoba科爾多巴(西班牙地名)cornet短號Coste,Napoléon拿破侖?科斯特[法國]counterpoint對位courante庫朗特crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)cutaway被切去的部分cymbal鈸deceptivecadence偽終止demisemiquaver三十二分音符descending下行development發(fā)展development展開部diatonicinterval自然(音程)diatonicscale自然音階passingtone經(jīng)過音diminishedseventhchord減七和弦diminishedtriad減三和弦diminished減(音程)disc唱片，唱碟disco迪斯科suite組曲dissonant不協(xié)和(音程、和弦)dominantseventhchord屬七和弦dominant(V)屬音，屬和弦dot附點(diǎn)dottednote附點(diǎn)音符dottedrest附點(diǎn)休止符doublebasstuba倍低音大號doublebass低音提琴guitar吉他doubledot復(fù)附點(diǎn)doublemordent復(fù)波音double-augmented倍增(音程)double-diminished倍減(音程)double-flat重降號double-sharp重升號dramaticsoprano戲劇女高音dramatictenor戲劇男高音duet二重奏duet二重奏duoduplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)duplet二連音duration時值dynamicmark(s)力度標(biāo)記dynamics力度ebony烏木，烏檀echo回音，回聲eleventh十一度Englishhorn英國管enharmonicintervals等音程enharmonicnotes等音ensemble合奏(團(tuán)體)equalizer均衡器estudio,etude練習(xí)曲etude練習(xí)曲euphonium尤風(fēng)寧號exposition呈示部Expressionism表現(xiàn)主義falsechord假和弦resolution解決fantasia幻想曲fifth五度fingerboard指板firstinversion第一轉(zhuǎn)位five-partform五段式fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音調(diào)唱名法flat降調(diào)flat降號flute長笛four-lineoctave小字四組(four-line)four-partform四段式fourthchord四度和弦fourth四度foxtrot狐步舞Frenchhorn圓號，法國號frequency頻率fret品格fugue賦格functionalharmony功能和聲fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)Gallagher,KevinR.凱文?蓋拉格[美國]gigue吉格glissando滑音glockenspiel鐘琴gong鑼Goni,Antigoni安提戈尼?戈尼[希臘]govotte加沃特Granada格拉納達(dá)(西班牙地名)grave極慢板(40拍/分鐘)greatC大字組Cguitar吉他guitarist吉他演奏家，吉他手guitarra吉他，吉他拉h(huán)abanera哈巴涅拉h(huán)alfcadence半終止half-tone半音harmonicanalysis和聲分析harmonicinterval和聲音程harmonicsequence和聲模進(jìn)harmonic和聲的harmony和聲學(xué)harp豎琴harpsichord撥弦古鋼琴head符頭head，headstock琴頭hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)homophonicmusic主調(diào)音樂homophony主調(diào)hook符尾(tail)imperfectcadence不完全終止Impressionism印象主義instrumentalmusic器樂instrumentation樂器法intensity強(qiáng)度intermezzo間奏曲interlude間奏(曲)interruptedcadence阻礙終止interval音程invention創(chuàng)意曲inversion轉(zhuǎn)位(complement)invertedmordent逆波音(lowermordent;invertedturn回音irregularmeter(不規(guī)則)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)jazz爵士樂justintonation純律kettledrum定音鼓keysignature調(diào)號key調(diào)keyboard鍵盤(樂)lacquer硝基漆，日本漆larghetto小廣板(60拍/分鐘)largo廣板(46拍/分鐘)leadingtone(VII)導(dǎo)音，導(dǎo)和弦(subtonic)legato連音，連奏l(xiāng)egerline(s)加線(ledgerline(s))lento慢板(52拍/分鐘)line線loudness響度lullaby搖籃曲lute疏特琴lyra樂徽lyricsoprano抒情女高音madrigal牧歌maestoso莊板(88拍/分鐘)magicflute魔笛mahogany桃花心木，紅木major大調(diào)majortriad大三和弦major大(音程)major大調(diào)march進(jìn)行曲marimba瑪林巴mass彌撒mazurka瑪祖卡McFadden,Jeffrey杰夫瑞?麥克法登[加拿大]mediant(III)中音，中音和弦melodiccontour旋律輪廓melodicinterval旋律音程melodicprogression旋律進(jìn)行melodicsequence旋律模進(jìn)melodic旋律的melody旋律meter拍子(time)metronome節(jié)拍器Metronome節(jié)拍機(jī)(M.M.=Malzel';s~)mezzosoprano次女高音，女中音Microtonalism微分音主義minim二分音符(halfnote，美)Minimalism省略(簡約)主義minor小調(diào)minortriad小三和弦minor小(音程)minor小調(diào)minuet小步舞曲mode調(diào)式(狹指教會調(diào)式;廣指調(diào)式)moderato中板(96拍/分鐘)modulation轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)monophonicmusic單聲部音樂mordent波音(uppermordent)motive動機(jī)movement樂章movement樂章multi-meter變化拍子musicalform曲式musicalinstrument樂器musicaltone樂音Nationalisminmusic民族樂派naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音natural自然的nature還原號intonation音準(zhǔn)neck琴頸neighboringtone輔助音(auxiliarytone，upperorlower)Neoclassicism新古典主義ninthchord九和弦ninth九度nocturn夜曲noise噪音notation記譜法note(s)音符nut琴馬oboe雙簧管octave八度octave八度one-linedoctave小字一組(one-line)one-partform一段式，一部曲式opera歌劇opus(Op.)作品oratorio清唱劇orchestra管弦樂隊(duì)orchestra管弦樂隊(duì)orchestration配器法organ風(fēng)琴ornament(s)裝飾音overtoneseries泛音列overtone(s)泛音overture序曲Paganini,Niccolo尼古羅?帕格尼尼[意大利]Papandreou,Elena艾琳娜?帕潘德里歐[希臘]parallelkeys同主音調(diào)Parkening,Christopher克里斯托弗?帕肯寧[美國]partial(s)分音(partialtone)passacaglia帕薩卡利亞passion受難曲pause延長號(hold,fermata)pedal踏板peg弦軸pentatonic五聲的percussion(s)打擊樂perfectcadence完全終止perfect完全，純(音程)period樂段phrase樂句phrasing分句piano鋼琴piccolo短笛pick拾音器pipeorgan管風(fēng)琴pitchname音名pitch音高plagalcadence變格終止Platino,Franco富蘭科?普拉提諾[意大利]podium指揮臺Pointillism點(diǎn)描派polka波爾卡polonaise波洛涅茲polyphonicmusic復(fù)調(diào)音樂polyphony復(fù)調(diào)polytonality多調(diào)性Ponce,Manuel馬努埃?龐塞[墨西哥]prelude前奏曲prelude前奏(曲)presto急板(184拍/分鐘)Primitivism原始主義programmusic標(biāo)題音樂psychoacoustics心理聲學(xué)puretone純音purfling鑲邊，環(huán)飾quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)quadruplet四連音quarter-sawn將(原木)縱向鋸成四塊再鋸成木板的quartet四重奏quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)quintet五重奏quintuplemeter五拍子quintuplet五連音range音域(compass)rattle搖響器Realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義recapitulation再現(xiàn)部recitative宣敘調(diào)RecuerdosdelaAlhambra《阿爾罕布拉宮的回憶》reduction改編(縮編)register音區(qū)reguiem安魂曲relativekeys關(guān)系大小調(diào)relativepitch相對音高(聽覺)Renaissance文藝復(fù)興repertoire保留曲目，全部曲目repetition重復(fù)rest(s)休止符rhapsody狂想曲rhythm節(jié)奏rhythmicpattern節(jié)奏型Rococo洛可可Rodrigo,Joaquin胡埃金?羅德里戈[西班牙]Romanticism浪漫主義Romero,Angel安杰爾?羅梅羅[西班牙]Romero,Celedonio塞拉多尼奧?羅梅羅[西班牙]Romero,Celin塞林?羅梅羅[西班牙]Romero,Pepe佩佩?羅梅羅[西班牙]rondoform回旋曲式(ABACA)rondosonataform回旋奏鳴曲式rootposition原位root根音(fundamental)rosette音孔環(huán)飾，玫瑰花飾rosewood玫瑰木，青龍木，黑黃檀roundedbinaryform(有再現(xiàn)的)二段式rumba倫巴Russel,David大衛(wèi)?羅素[英國]sarabande薩拉班德saxophone薩克斯管scaledegree(調(diào)式)音級scalestep音級(音級數(shù)：numberofscalestep)scale音階scherzo諧謔曲score樂譜score總譜secondinversion第二轉(zhuǎn)位second二度Segovia,Andrés安德列斯?塞戈維亞[西班牙]semibreve全音符(wholenote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)septuplet七連音sequence模進(jìn)serenade小夜曲，月下情歌serenade小夜曲Serialism序列主義seventhchord七和弦seventh七度Seville塞維利亞(西班牙地名)sextuplet六連音sharp升調(diào)sharp升號side側(cè)板sidedrum小鼓sight-singing視唱simpleinterval單音程simplemeter(s)單拍子sixthchord六和弦sixth六度sixth-fourchord四六和弦smallc小字組cS?llscher,G?ran戈蘭?索舍爾[瑞典]solo獨(dú)奏solo獨(dú)奏(唱)sonataform奏鳴曲式sonata奏鳴曲sonatina小奏鳴曲songswithoutword無詞歌soprano女高音Sor,Fernando費(fèi)爾南多?索爾[西班牙]sostenuto持音sound音space間Spanish西班牙的spruce云杉staccato斷音，斷奏staff五線譜staff樂譜stage舞臺stem符干step音級(scalestep,degree)string琴弦stringedinstruments弦樂器Structuralism結(jié)構(gòu)主義subdominant(IV)下屬音，下屬和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)suite組曲supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦suspension延留音symphonicpoem交響詩symphony交響曲syncopation切分音tabor塔波鼓Takemitsu,Toru武滿徹[日本]tambourine鈴鼓tango探戈tarantella塔蘭臺拉temperament樂律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)templeblock木魚tempomark(s)速度標(biāo)記tempo速度tenordrum中鼓tenortuba次中音大號tenor男高音tenth十度ternaryform三段式，三部曲式(ABA)theater劇場，戲劇thematicmaterial主題材料theme主題themewithvariation主題