中國在非洲的投資報告（英）-中非民間商會-2021-136正式版

MarketPowerandRoleofthePrivateSector

ChineseInvestmentinAfrica

CHINA-AFRICABUSINESSCOUNCIL

China-AfricaBusinessCouncil

A-2106LeadInternational,JiaNo.2WangjingZhongHuanSouthRoad

ChaoyangDist.,Beijing100102China

Internet:

Email:research@;Telephone:0086(010)64169865

ThisworkisaproductofthestaffoftheChina-AfricaBusinessCouncilwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheChina-AfricaBusinessCouncil,itsBoardmembers,orthegovernments.Theaccuracyofinvestment-relateddatacontainedisoneofourmainobjectives.However,theremaybeareasthatneedfurtherverification.Wewelcomeandwillappreciateanycorrectioninthereport.

Youmaycopy,download,orprintthismanuscriptforyourownuse,andyoumayincludepassagesfromthispublicationinyourowndocuments,blogs,websites,andothermaterials,aslongasChina-AfricaBusinessCouncilisappropriatelyaccreditedasthesource.

CONTENTS

Foreword

ANewMilestoneI

ALookintotheFutureIII

PrefaceV

PartI:TheHistoryofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica

I.DevelopmentStagesofChineseEnterprises1

(I)AStartingPointfrom1980s1

(II)“RapidDevelopmentinSmallSteps”since2000s1

(III)CurrentAchievementsofthePrivateSector4

II.ReasonstoInvestinAfrica8

(I)InternalMotivations8

(II)AdvantageousfeaturesofChinesePrivateEnterprises9

III.Africa’sAttractiveness11

(I)TheAUAgenda206311

(II)ResilientGrowthandUnleashedPotentials11

IV.TheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation15

(I)TheBeijingSummitin2006:EightMeasures16

(II)TheJohannesburgSummitin2015:TenCooperationPlans18

(III)TheBeijingSummitin2018:EightMajorInitiatives20

PartII:TheRoleofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica

I.ThePerformanceofChineseEnterprisesinMajorAfricanEconomies25

(I)Middle-incomeCountries:FacilitatorsinCapitalandTechnology26

(II)ResourceRichCountries:FacilitatorsinEconomicDiversification32

(III)Non-resourceRichCountries:FacilitatorsinIndustrializationandModernization45

II.ThePerformanceofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica’sTraditionalIndustries.53

(I)Infrastructure:BreakingtheConstraintsofEconomicDevelopment54

(II)Manufacturing:PromotingtheDevelopmentandTransformationofMultipleIndustries59

(III)Energy&Mining:TurningResourceWealthintoRealEconomicReturns66

(IV)AgriculturalProcessing:AddingValueandExtendingtheSupplyChain68

III.ContributionsofChineseEnterprisesDuringthePandemic73

(I)ContributionsofChineseEnterprisesinResponsetotheOutbreakinAfrica73

(II)CSRImpactonPovertyReductionthroughInvestment77

PartIII:HighlightsandChallengesinSino-AfricanInvestmentCooperation

I.Africa’sInvestmentEnvironment:PerceptionofChineseEnterprises81

(I)CopingwiththeImpactofUncertainty81

(II)CopingwithaMoreComplexInternationalEnvironment83

II.GapsandImprovementstoBeMadebyChineseEnterprises85

(I)WhenGoingAbroad85

(II)MakingUpforShortcomings86

III.NewTrendsinChineseEnterprises’InvestmentinAfrica88

(I)TransformationandUpgradingofPrivateInvestment88

(II)IncreasingAttentiontoAfricafromLargePrivateEnterprises92

(III)GrowingFocusonNewIndustries96

IV.ExpectationsoftheUpcoming2021FOCACMeeting105

Index

References

Acknowledgements

Foreword|I

Foreword

ANewMilestone

SincetheestablishmentoftheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation(FOCAC)in2000,ChinaandAfricahavemadegreatstridesinall-round,multi-levelandwide-rangingcooperation.HighlevelinteractionsbetweenChina

andAfricahavebecomeincreasinglyfrequent,andmutualpoliticaltrusthasstrengthened.Sincethe2015JohannesburgSummitinSouthAfrica,ChinaandAfricahaveestablishedacomprehensivestrategicandcooperativepartnership,openinganeweraofcooperation.In2019,tradebetweenChinaandAfricaexceededUSD200billion,20timesmorethanthatin20001.Forthepast11years,ChinahasbeenAfrica’slargesttradingpartnerwithgratifyingresults2.TheAfricanContinentalFreeTradeArea(AfCFTA)wasestablishedin2021after6yearsofdeliberatenegotiations.TheAfricancontinentwillfurtherpromoteregionalintegration,increasetheeffectiveallocationofresourcesandproduction,andreleasenewgrowthpotential.China-AfricacooperationisaSouth-SouthcooperationthatgoesbeyondtraditionalNorth-Southdevelopmentassistance.Itcombinesaid,trade,andinvestment.Whilecreatingjobsandincreasingforeignexchangeearnings,ithelpsindustrialdevelopmentinAfricancountries,promotesstructuraltransformation,andachievesbroaderdevelopmentgoals.

ByJanuary2021,46countriesinAfricahadsignedBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)cooperationagreementswithChina,thelargestnumberofcountriesfromanycontinentintheworld.China-Africacooperationoffersbroadprospects.ItwillhelpAfricancountriesrealizeindustrializationandmodernization,eradicatepovertyandachievesustainabledevelopment.Withthespreadofprotectionism,anti-globalization,andpopulism,China-Africacooperationisalsoofgreatsignificanceinupholdingmultilateralism,enhancingtherightsandinterestsofdevelopingcountries,promotingtheBRIandaddressingascaleofchangesunseeninacentury.

Yicai,GuoJinhui,2020,/news/100874772.html

TwoDecadesofASharedJourneytowardNewHeightsintheNewEra--Commemoratingthe20thAnniversaryoftheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation,WangYi,2020

II|Foreword

SincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19in2020,developingcountrieshavebeenunderahugethreat.TheChinesegovernmentanditsenterprises,togetherwiththepeopleofAfrica,haveworkedtofightthepandemic,demonstratingtheprofoundfriendshipbetweentheChineseandAfricanpeoples.ChineseenterprisesinAfricaactivelysupportlocalcontainmentandpreventionmeasures,promotetheresumptionofworkandnormaldailylife,providealargenumberofmaterials,vaccinesandtechnicalassistance.Ithasmadeagreatcontributiontothefightagainstthepandemic,setamodelforpromotingtheglobalcommunityofsharedfuture,andprovidedanexperienceforjointresponsestovariouspossibleglobalchallengesinthefuture,whichalsolaidastrongfoundationforfriendlycooperation.

TheFOCACDakarMeetingin2021willbeanothermilestoneandanewstartingpointforChina-Africaeconomicandtradecooperation.China’sexampleoverthepast40yearshasshownthatpovertyisnotinevitable,andeverycountrycangetridofit.Theroadtoprosperityinanycountryistorealizeindustrialization,modernizationandglobalizationbyemployingitsrespectivemarketstrengthsbackedupbythestate.China-AfricacooperationwillshareChinesewisdomwithAfricancountriestoachieveeconomicdevelopment,promotemutualprosperity,andbuildaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture.

JustinYifuLin

ProfessorandHonoraryDeanofNationalSchoolofDevelopmentatPekingUniversityFormerSeniorVicePresidentandChiefEconomistattheWorldBank

ALookintotheFuture|III

ALookintotheFuture

ReportonChineseInvestmentinAfrica—MarketPowerandRoleofthePrivateSectorputtogetherbytheChina-AfricaBusinessCouncilchroniclestheimpactofChinesebusinessesandinvestmentsinAfrica.Itiscertainthat

theeconomiesofnationsareshapedbythequalityofbusinessesandinvestments.Africaisafast-growingcontinentandneedsinvestmentininfrastructureastoimproveonthequalityoflifeforcitizens.Thecontinentneedspartnershipstodrivereformsandchanges,includingnewfactoriesandbusinessestoprovideemploymentforthebulgingyouthpopulation.TheinfrastructuregapinAfricaismorethanUSD400billion.Anyefforttobridgethisgapispositiveforproductivity,output,andgrowth.

ChinesePrivateEnterprises(CPEs)haverespondedtomeetthegrowingrequirementforinfrastructureandindustriesacrossAfricathroughyearsofengagementwiththepoliticalleadership.Wehaveseenagrowinginvestments’partnershipbetweenChinaandAfricaforapproximatelythelastfourteenyears.TheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation(FOCAC)wassetuptodrivethepartnership.

Thisengagementhasledtoseveralreforms,openingoftheeconomies,investmentininfrastructureandbuildingofnewindustrieswiththelevelofChina’sinvestmentinthecontinentincreasingatasteadyrate.Atthe2018China-AfricaCooperationForum,ChinaannounceditsplansofprovidingUSD60billioninfinancialsupporttoAfrica.In2019,tradebetweenChinaandAfricahitUSD208.7billion,andtotalChineseFDIinAfricareachedUSD44.4billion,grownby20-foldand100-foldrespectivelycomparedwith20yearsago.

Wehaveseenthebuildingofnewdeepseaports,airports,roads&bridges,andnewindustriesbytheCPEs.ThroughthecollaborationwithCPEs,industrialparkshavebeenestablishedinmanypartsofAfrica,resultingintrainingoflocalmanpowerandacquisitionofnewskills.

CPEshaveperformedthefollowingfunctionsinAfrica;advanceindustrialization,promoteemployment,developinfrastructure,andfostertheimprovementofindustrialparkmanagementinthehostcountries.

TheseCPEshavetransferredtoAfricasomelabor-intensiveindustrythatgraduallypromotesrelatedindustrialchainsandfostersmanylocalupstreamanddownstreamenterprises.Suchmassiveinvestmentshaveobvioustechnologyspillovereffectsonthehostcountries.Manufacturingenterpriseshavetransferredtechnologiestothelocalmarkets,whichadvancesindustrializationinthehostcountries.

IV|Foreword

IbelievethatthevastopportunitiesthatexistinAfrica-Chinasynergiesshouldbeexplored.InNigeria,theLekkiDeepSeaPortattheLekkiFreeTradeZonewillbeconstructedbyChinaHarbourEngineeringCompany(CHEC)andfinancingofoverUSD600mprovidedthroughChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB).ForusatDangoteIndustriesLimited,wehavecollaboratedwithanumberofChinesepartners,especiallyinmanufacturing,andcreatedforeignexchangesavingsandexportsfromtheGroup’sPetrochemicalandFertilizerplants.

TheAfricanContinentalFree-TradeAgreement(AfCFTA),whichcameintoforceinJanuary,willassistindrivingdowneconomiesofscaleforproductionandattractinginvestmentasaunifiedmarketonthecontinent.Africansshouldbeawareofthebenefitsthatcomewithinboundinvestment,includingjobs,taxrevenueandtheincreasinglyactiveeconomy.

ThereportisanexcellentresourcematerialasitoffersahistoricalaccountoftheentranceofChinesebusinessesespeciallytheCPEsintoAfricaandtheeconomicresults.ItoffersinvestorsandresearchersadetailedreportofChineseprivatesectoractivitiesacrossAfricaaswellastheopportunitiesaboundinginthecontinent.ItisareportthatlaidbaretheadvantagesandreasonsforinvestorstoflocktoAfricaasapreferredinvestmentdestination.

AlikoDangote

FounderandPresident

ChiefExecutiveoftheDangoteGroup

Lagos,Nigeria

Preface|V

Preface

Overthepast20years,China’stradewithAfricahasincreasedtwentyfold,makingChinaAfrica’ssecondlargestimporterofagriculturalproducts3aswellasthelargestbilateralinfrastructurefinancingpartner.Chinahasalso

emergedasoneofAfrica’smajorproviders.Since2000,ChineseinvestmentinAfricahasbeenrisingslowlybutsteadily,withprivateenterprisesasamajorplayerineconomic,tradeandinvestmentcooperation.

“TostrengthensolidarityandcooperationwithAfricancountriesisandalwayswillbeChina’sresolutestrategy.ItisimportanttoarrangethenextmeetingoftheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation,expandcooperationinareassuchasfreetradezones,publichealth,peaceandsecurity,andclimatechange,andencouragetheinternationalcommunitytojoinforcesandsupportthedevelopmentofAfrica.”

—ObservationsfromPresidentXiJinpingduringatelephoneconversationwithFélixTshisekedi,rotatingChairoftheAfricanUnionandPresidentoftheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC)onMay7,2021

AccordingtodatafromChina’sMinistryofCommerce(MOFCOM),China’sstockofdirectinvestmentinAfricaattheendof2020stoodatUSD47.35billion.In2019,MOFCOMpointedoutthatChineseprivatecompaniesaccountedforaround70%ofChinesecompanies’investmentsinAfrica.

2021China-AfricaBusinessCouncil(CABC)surveyofnearly100keyprivatecompaniesfoundthattheproportionof”reinvestment”inAfricawasaround30percent.Giventhatanumberofcompanieshavenot“registered”inMOFCOM’ssystemandthat“reinvestment”bycompaniesisnotincludedinthestatistics,thisreportestimatesthatbytheendof2020,thestockofChinesebusinessinvestmentinAfricashouldnotbelessthanUSD56billion.

ThissignalsthatasChina-Africacooperationupgradesandexpandsindepthandquality,Chineseenterprisesareprovingthemselvestobeastrongforce,andthepresenceofChineseprivateenterprisesinAfrica,whichdatesbacktothe1980s,isworthourattention.

Followingthe“TenMajorCooperationPrograms”andthe“EightMajorInitiatives”jointlyformulatedandimplementedwithintheframeworkoftheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation2018,investmentsininfrastructure,manufacturing,mining,agribusiness,industrialparksandotherareashavegainedmomentum.Alargenumberofrail,road,airport,port,powerplantandotherprojectshavebeensuccessfullyimplemented,bringingsignificantchangestotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofAfrica.AnincreasingpresenceofChinesecompaniescanbeparticularlyobservedincountriessuchasNigeria,SouthAfrica,Egypt,Angola,Zambia,DemocraticRepublicofCongo,Ethiopia,Kenya,Congo-Brazzaville,Ghana,AlgeriaandTanzania.

Recenttrendsalsoindicatethat“China’sTop500PrivateEnterprises”haveincreasinglyshowninterestindevelopmentandinvestmentinAfrica.GiventheiradvantageoverChineseSMEsintermsofcapital,technology,talentand

GaoFeng,regularpressconferenceheldbyMOFCOM.2021hh/arti-cle/i/jyjl/l/202101/20210103033144.shtml

VI| Preface

internationalization,weareledtothinkthatprivatecompaniesintheTop500ChinesePrivateEnterpriseswillassumeaprominentroleinfurtheringAfrica’sindustrializationandintegrateddevelopment,andhelpintroduceinnovativeinvestmentmodelswithinChina-Africaeconomicandtradecooperation.

Withamoremarket-orientedapproach,andasinvestmentsintoAfricacontinuetogrow,privatecompanieshaveanessentialroletoplayinthisprocess.Inadditiontotraditionalsectors,Chineseenterprisesareexploringandventuringintonewareassuchasmediumandhigh-techmanufacturing,healthcareandpharmaceuticals,digitaleconomy,aviationindustryandmore.

Apartfromtradeandinvestment,ChineseenterprisesarealsobecominganimportantforcebehindAfrica’sinclusiveeconomicdevelopment.AfricannationshavenotonlywarmlywelcomedcontributionsofChineseenterprisesinindustrializationandemployment,butalsoinpeople’slivelihoods.BringingauniqueapproachandfeaturestopovertyreductiontoAfricancountries,Chineseenterpriseshavemettheircorporatesocialresponsibilitiesandmostrecently,stronglysupportedlocalpublichealtheffortsinthefightagainstthecurrentpandemic.

Despitebeingfacedwithchallengesofthepandemic,globaleconomicslowdown,tradeprotectionismandrisingdebt,ChinesecompanieshaveremainedoptimisticandwillingtoinvestinAfrica.Chineseenterprisesremaincommittedtocontinuetoimprovetheiraptitudetoaddresstheirownproblemsandgaps,particularlygapsinunderstandingofAfrica’sdiversecultures,lawsandpolicies,thus,strengtheningtheircapacitytofacehighrisks,exploretripartitecooperation,formulatelong-termbusinessplansandsuccessfullyintegrateintoAfrica’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.

AsweapproachthenextFOCACMeetingtobeheldinDakar,bothgovernmentsandtheirenterpriseswillfindthatmoreisexpectedofthemandthatChina-Africacooperationisenteringyetanewcycleofdevelopment.

MarketPowerandRole

ofthePrivateSector

Chinese

InvestmentinAfrica

VIII| Preface

I.DevelopmentStagesofChineseEnterprises|1

PartI:TheHistoryofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica

I.DevelopmentStagesofChineseEnterprises

(I)AStartingPointfrom1980s

Priortoreformandopeningup,China’sdirectinvestmentinAfricawasalmostzero.Intheearly1980s,ChineseenterprisesbegantoinvestinAfricaintheformofjointventuresandsoleproprietorshipcompanies,byundertakingcontractedprojectsfeaturingsmall-scaleinvestments.Asof1990,ChinahadinvestedoverUSD50millioninmorethan100projectsinAfrica.4

Fromthe1990s,Africasawsoundeconomicgrowthanditsinvestmentenvironmentcontinuedtoimprove,thusattractingmoreandmoreinvestmentsfromChina.From1995to1997,ChinasetupInvestmentandTradeCentersin11AfricancountriestofacilitateeconomicandtradeactivitiesinAfrica.From1995to1999,Chinasignedinter-governmentalloanagreementswith23Africancountries,encouragingagroupofChineseenterprisesto“enterAfrica”throughinvestmentandbusinessstartups.

(II)“RapidDevelopmentinSmallSteps”since2000s

Overthepasttwodecadessince2000,China’sdirectinvestmentinAfricahasincreasedbymorethan25%perannum5,enteringastageof“rapiddevelopmentinsmallsteps”.

TheDevelopmentProcessandFutureTrendsofChina'sDirectInvestmentinAfrica,PiaoYingji,2006.

GaoFeng,regularpressconferenceheldbyMOFCOM.2021(/xinwen/2021-01/14/content_5580065.htm)

2|PartI TheHistoryofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica

From2000,Chinabegantoencourageitsenterprisesto“goglobal”,andAfricabecameoneofthepriorityregions.SincetheestablishmentofFOCAC,China-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentcooperationhasbeenguidedforwardbyestablishedmechanismsunderthisframework.The2006BeijingSummitofFOCACscaledupChina’seconomicandtechnicalassistanceandincreaseditsinvestmentandfinancinginAfrica.Inparticular,thesummitresultedinChina-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentevolvingfromtradeingoodstoprocessingtrade,andfromcontractedprojectstomergersandacquisitions(M&A).

DuringthisperiodmanyChineseenterprises,especiallysmallandmedium-sizedonesthathadbeentradingwithAfricaforsometime,startedtobuildlocalfactories.Theirgoalsweretosavetariffsandlogisticscosts,andtoshortenthesupplycycle.SomeChineseenterpriseshavebroughttoAfricatheprocessingtrademodelofbringingrawmaterialsfromabroadandsellingfinalproductstooverseasmarketsadoptedattheearlystageofthereformandopeningup.6

In2013,PresidentXiJinpingdeliveredaspeechinTanzania,presentingthepromisingprospectsforChina-Africacooperationasa“China-Africacommunityofsharedfuture”.In2014,ChinaandAfricaagreedtocooperateinRailway,Road,RegionalAviationNetworksandIndustrializationinAfrica.7In2015,theFOCACJohannesburgSummitproposedthe“TenCooperationPlans”,underwhichChinawillcontinuetostrengthensupportforAfrica’sindustry,agriculture,finance,infrastructure,publichealthandotherkeyareas.TheseplansaimedtoupgradetheChina-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentmodeldominatedbymerchandisetradeandcontractedprojectstoonethatfocusesonmulti-areainvestmentandmulti-dimensionalcapacity,soastoaccelerateAfrica’sindustrializationandincreaseitsindependentcapacityinsustainabledevelopment.In2018,theFOCACBeijingSummitproposedthe“EightMajorInitiatives”,whichdrewuparoadmapforChina-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentcooperationintheneweraandpromotedhigh-qualityinvestmentinAfrica.

China’sdirectinvestmentinAfricareachedUSD44.39billionin20198,accountingfor4.7%oftotalforeigninvestmentinAfricaandrankingfourthamongallinvestorsinthatyear.COVID-19struckaheavyblowtoforeigninvestmentinAfricain2020.ReportsfromtheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentshowthat

ProposingaResoluteandStep-by-StepReformoftheForeignTradeSystem,the13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,1987

WhenChinesePremierLiKeqiangvisitedtheAUheadquartersinMay2014,ChinaandAfricaagreedtocooperateinRailway,Road,RegionalAviationNetworksandIndustrialization.http:///n/2015/0615/c157278-27158874.html

ReportonDevelopmentofChina'sOutwardInvestmentandEconomicCooperation,MOFCOM,2020,Page71./fec/202102/20210202162924888.pdf

I.DevelopmentStagesofChineseEnterprises|3

theflowofforeigninvestmentintoAfricadroppedby15.6%in2020.9However,therearestillencouragingfactorsthatwillhelptorestoreAfrica’sabilitytoattractforeigninvestment,especiallythewillingnessofChineseenterprisestoexploreinvestmentopportunitiesthere.10

FIGURE1

China’sInvestmentinAfrica2003-2020

(unit:USD100million)11

Source:StatisticalBulletinofChina’sOutwardForeignDirectInvestment(2003-2019)releasedbyMOFCOM,estimateddatafor2020

China’sdirectinvestmentinAfricareachedUSD2.96billionin2020withanestimatedUSD47.35billionstockofdirectinvestmentinAfrica.DatafromMOFCOMrevealsthatChina’sdirectinvestmentinAfricareachedUSD2.96billionin2020despitetheimpactofCOVID-19,andthatthenewinvestmentcovered47Africancountries.In19countriesinvestmentincreasedbymorethan10%,12andinscientific

WorldInvestmentReport2021,UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,June21,2021

GlobalInvestmentTrendMonitor,No.38,theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelop-ment,January24,2021./fec/202102/20210202162924888.pdf

Sourcesofpartofdata:StatisticalBulletinofChina'sOutwardForeignDirectInvestment(2003-2019)releasedbyMOFCOM,estimateddatafor2020.

In2020,China'sdirectinvestmentinAfricawasUS$2.96billion,amongwhichprivateenterprisesaccountforalargepart,China-AfricaEconomicandTradeExpo,April16,2021

4|PartI TheHistoryofChineseEnterprisesinAfrica

research,technicalservices,transport,warehousing,postalservices,residentialservices,repairs,healthandsocialwork,andotherservicesectorsinvestmentincreasedbymorethan100%.Inaddition,MOFCOMpointedoutthattheinvestmentofChineseprivateenterprises(CPEs)inAfricaaccountsforabout70%ofthevalueofChineseFDIinAfrica.

非洲經(jīng)貿(mào)投資指南

2020-2021

ItisestimatedthatthestockofChina’sdirectinvestmentinAfricaby2020shouldbenolessthanUSD56billion.MOFCOMreleasesdataonFDIbasedonaccuratesources,butitisgenerallyrecognizedthatitdoesnotshowthewholepicture.Thereasonsareasfollows.First,anumberofenterprisesdonotfileforregistrationoftheirinvestmentinAfricawithMOFCOM.Second,reinvestmentbyenterprisesisnotincludedintherelevantcalculations.AspecialsurveyconductedbytheChina-AfricaBusinessCouncilonthereinvestmentofnearly100keyprivateenterprisesfromJunetoJulyin2021findsthattheproportionofreinvestmentinAfricaisnearly30%.Takingtheabovetwofactorsintoconsideration,thestockofChina’sdirectinvestmentinAfricaby2020shouldbenolessthanUSD56billion.

聯(lián)合國經(jīng)社理事會特別咨商聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會議全面觀察員

SpecialConsultativeStatuswithECOSOCGeneralObserverStatuswithUNCTAD

(III)CurrentAchievementsofthePrivateSector

AsChineseenterprisesgettoknowmoreabouttheAfricanmarket,theircooperationmodelisgraduallyshiftingfromonedrivenbytradetoonedrivenbyinvestment,andtheyareenteringanewstageunder

whichinvestment-driventradepromotestheupgradingofthetradestructure.AsanimportantplayerinthetransformationandupgradingofChina-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentcooperation,CPEsareundergoingatransitionfrom“goingtoAfrica”through“settlinginAfrica”,to“establishingrootsinAfrica”.

I.DevelopmentStagesofChineseEnterprises|5

TheprocessbywhichCPEscarryouteconomicandtradeactivitiesinAfricacanberoughlydividedintothreestages.

Thefirstwasthe“infancystage”fromthe1980stotheearly1990s,whenasmallnumberofCPEsconductedsmall-scaletradewithAfricaontheirowninitiative,withverylittleinvestmentintheretailandcateringindustries.

Thesecondwasthe“initialstage”inthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.AsChina-Africarelationsexpanded,moreandmoreCPEsenteredAfricanmarkets.Goodstradeinlightindustry,food,chemicalengineeringandnativelivestockexpandedrapidly.

Thethirdisthe“stageofaccelerateddevelopment”sincethestartofthe21stcentury.TheestablishmentofFOCACbroughtaboutall-roundChina-Africaeconomicandtradeinvestmentcooperation.Duringthisperiod,AfricasawarapidincreaseininvestmentfromCPEs,coveringmoreregions,industriesanddiversifiedfields.

MOFCOMhaspointedoutthatamongChineseinvestorsinAfrica,privateenterprisesaccountformorethan70%intermsofvolumeandvalue.13AMcKinseyreportshowsthattherearenolessthan10,000ChineseenterprisesdoingbusinessthroughoutAfrica,andthat90%areprivateenterprises.Onethirdoftheseareinthemanufacturingsector,andmostofthemareSMEs14.ManyprivateenterprisessuchasHuawei,Holley,JiangsuYongyuan,KingDeer,China-AfricaCotton,Huajian,TranssionHoldings,SundaInternationalandStarTimes,haveinvestedinalargenumberofprojectsinAfrica.

Overthe40yearsofreformandopeningup,enterpriseslikethesehavedevelopedanentrepreneurialspirit,apracticalexperience,andparticularskillsinhighrisksandgeneralbusinessmanagement.TheylaunchstartupsinAfricawithgreatconfidenceandapplyalocalizedbusinessmodel.TheybringtomanyAfricancountriesanentrepreneurialspiritandanexperienceinindustrializationa