高考英語語法填空沖刺篇人文社科類選題

2023屆語法填空專項訓(xùn)練Passage1選自ChinaDailyThe17thdefensepolicycoordination1.____(talk)betweenChinaandtheUnitedStates2.____(hold)inWashingtononMondayandTuesday,China'sDefenseMinistryannouncedonWednesday.Inastatement,theministrysaidthetalkswereco-chairedbyofficialsfromtheCentralMilitaryCommissionandtheUSdeputyassistanttothesecretaryofdefense.TheChinesesidesaidinastatement3.____itiswillingtodevelophealthyandstablemilitary-to-militaryrelationswiththeUS4.______thebasisofequalityandrespect,andjointlyimplementthemilitary-relatedconsensus5.____(reach)bythetwoheadsofthestatesduringtheirmeetinginSanFranciscoinNovember.ThestatementsaidthattheUSshouldacknowledgeChina'sconcernsanddomore6.____(promote)thedevelopmentofbilateralmilitaryties.ChinaalsoreiterateditspositionsontheTaiwanquestionandtheSouthChinaSeaissues.ItsaiditwillnevermakeanycompromiseontheTaiwanquestionanddemandedtheUSsidetoabidebytheone-Chinaprinciple,implementitsrelevantcommitments,stop7.____(arm)Taiwanandoppose"Taiwanindependence",thestatementsaid.ChinaalsourgedtheUStoreduceitsmilitary8.____(deploy)andprovocativeactionsintheSouthChinaSeaandstopprovidingsupporttocertaincountriesthatareinfringementonitsterritoryandcausingprovocations.TheUSshould9.____(full)recognizetherootcausesofmaritimeandairsecurityrisks,strictlyrestrainitsfront-linetroopsandstophypingupproblems,theministrysaid.China10.____(make)clearitssolemnpositionovertheyearsandmajorconcernsonissuesconcerningChina'scoreinterestsandinternationalhotspotissues,itaddedPassage2選自ChinaDailyTheChang'e6spacecraft,China'snextroboticexpeditiontothemoon,1.____(schedule)tolandonthemooninthefirsthalfofthisyearandwillbetaskedwithbringingbacksamplesfromthesilvercelestialbody'slittle-knownfarside,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.TheadministrationsaidinanewsreleaseonWednesdaythatcomponentsoftheChang'e6probe2.______（transport）bytwomilitarycargoplanestoHaikou,capitalofHainanprovince,onMondayandTuesday,andwerethencarriedbytruckstotheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenter3.______theeastcoastoftheislandprovince.Theprobewillbeassembledandundergoprelaunchchecksatthecenter,itnoted,4.______(add)thatpreparatoryworkisunderwayatallsystemsinvolvedinthecomingmission.LikeChang'e5,itspredecessor,theChang'e6spacecraft5.______(consist)offourcomponents–anorbiter,alander,anascenderandare-entrymodule.ItsoperationalprocesswillalsomimicthatoftheChang'e5.Aftertheprobereacheslunarorbit,the6.______(component)willseparateintotwoparts,withtheorbiterandre-entrymoduleremaininginorbitwhilethelanderandascenderheadforthemoon'ssurface.Thelander/ascendercombinationwillmakeasoft7.______(land)andthenstartusingadrillandamechanicalarmtogatherlunarrocksandsoil.Oncethesurfaceoperationsaredone,theascender'srocketwillelevateittolunarorbittodockwiththere-entrymodule.Itwilltransfersamplestothemodule,8.______willcarrythemtoEarth.TheUnitedStates,9.______formerSovietUnionandChinahavebroughtlunarsamplesbacktoEarth,butnonehaseverobtainedsamplesfromthefarsideofthemoon.TidalforcesonEarthslowthemoon'srotationtothepointwherethesamesidealwaysfacesEarth.Theotherside,mostofwhichisnevervisiblefromEarth,isthemoon'sfarside.Thoughthefarsidehadbeen10.______(extensive)photographedbyspacecraft,startingwithaSovietprobein1959,noprobehadevertoucheddownonituntilChina'sChang'e4mission,whichlandedintheVonKarmancraterintheSouthPole-AitkenBasininJanuary2019.Passage3選自Reader’sDigestChristmasinEdinburghistruly1.______(love).Infact,it’ssolovely2.______Edinburghtopsmostlistsof“bestplacestovisitforChristmasintheUK”,3.______it’seasytoseewhy.4.______(know)foritsfestivalsallyearround,thecitydoesn’ttakeanytimeoff5.______December,insteadcomingalivewithfestivedecorations,marketsandspecialevents.Strollthrough6.______(charm)woodenstallsand

pickouthandmadegifts

foryourfamily,orwarmupwithsomemulledwine,surroundedbytwinklingChristmaslights.Ifyou’renotsofussedaboutChristmas,youcantakeinthecity’sscenicviewsinstead.ClimbupthefamousArthur’sSeat,anancient

volcano

7.______peakboastspanoramicviewsoftheEdinburghandbeyond.Afterabracingwalkupanddownthehill,reward8.______(you)withScottishdelicacieslike

haggis

orneepsandtatties.

Thepartycontinuesintothenewyearwiththecity’sHogmanaycelebration.HogmanayistheScotswordforthelastdayoftheoldyear,anditisoftencelebratedwithfireworks9.______(display)andheartfeltrenditionsof“AuldLangSyne”sunginacircleoflinkedarms.Edinburghcertainlydoesn’tholdback:its1996–97celebrationswererecognisedbytheGuinnessBookofRecordsattheworld's10.______(large)NewYearparty,withapproximately400,000attendees.Thesedays,Edinburgh’sHogmanayinvolveslivemusic,fireworksandatorchlightdisplay.Withtheholidayseasonfastapproaching,wespeaktolocalsaboutwhatlifeislikeamongthemagicalmarkets,luminouslightdisplaysandsensationalstreetparties.

Passage4選自Reader’sDigestStoriesoftherelentlessVikingwave1.______sweptoverEurope2.______(fascinate)historiansforcenturies,3.______evidenceoftheirplunderingtobefound4.______(love)BritaintoScandinaviaandtheMiddleEast—butthereisonemysteriouslandtheynever5.______(success)settled,whichtheycalledVinland.

Once

shroudedinmyth,evidenceisnow6.______(mount)thatVinlandwasarealplace.Piecingtogether

archaeologicalfinds,carbondataandlegend,7.______(research)believethatVikingseafarersattempted8.______outpostontheshoresofNorthAmerica—fivecenturiesbeforeChristopherColumbus8.______(discover)theNewWorld.

Theword“discovered”issomewhatloaded,givenitsEurocentriclens.LongbeforeSpanish9.______(consist)ortheirScandinavianforebearsdroppedanchor,

America’sfirstarrivals

simplywalked,migratingfromRussiatoAlaskaacrossthedriedoutBeringSea.ButtheVikingswerecertainlythefirst10.______(stumble)upontheAmericasfromtheeastcoast.

Theiradventuresarechronicledintwosagas—TheSagaoftheGreenlanders

and

TheSagaofEriktheRed—which,despitetheirrelianceonoralhistories,providesomevitalcluesaboutthelivesofthosefirstEuropeanpioneers.Passage5選自NationalGeographicWhileWeatherheadsaysherlastname’soriginhasnothingtodowiththeweather—it’sanoldScottishnamethat1.______(refer)togoatherders—thepeopleinherhometownofWilmette,Illinois,certainlydidn’tknowthat.“Igrewupinakindofsmalltown,andIhaveawholebunchofbrothersandsisters,andwealllookalike,”Weatherheadexplains.Sopeoplewouldoftensaytoherfamilymembers,“‘Hey,what’stheweather,Weatherhead?’”shesays.“AndIhatedit,2.______whenyou’re11yearsold,youwanttobeknownasyourunique,individualself.”Infact,thenegativeassociation3.______hernamemayhavekeptWeatherheadoutofclimatologyaltogether,ifnotforalittletwistofwhatyoumightcallaptonymicfate.

After4.______（lose）hergraduateschoolpositioninhighenergyphysicsbecauseofReagan-erabudgetcuts,Weatherheadappliedforasummerjobcrunchingnumbersforanatmosphericscientist.Thejobhadnearlyadozenapplicants,butshewaslatertoldbythescientist’ssecretarythatitwashernamethatputherapplicationoverthetop.Thescientistwas“walkingaroundgoing,‘Weatherhead.Weatherhead.We’vegottohireher!’”J.SookChung,ascientistattheUniversityofMaryland,remembersasimilarmomentwhenstandinginfrontofasearchcommitteeforhercurrentposition,5.______（study）bluecrabs.“Oneofthebluecrablifestages,theadultfemale,iscalled

sook,”saysChung.“It’sexactlythesamespelling.”Asitturnsout,sharingthenameoftheanimalshewasapplyingtostudywasahandyicebreaker.“I’mjokinginsayingit,butIwas6.______（destiny）toworkonbluecrabs,”saysChung.Noteveryoneseestheirnameassociationsaspositiveor7._____（mean）,ofcourse.“Lotsofpeople8.______（notice）theseemingbondbetweenmynameandmychosenfieldofstudyovertheyears,”says

StephenPyne,anenvironmentalscientistatArizonaStateUniversityandwriter9.______focusesonforestsandfire,inanemail.“IhavetoconfessI'mnotoneofthem."10.______(similar),

TedStankowich,anevolutionarybehavioralecologistwhostudiesskunks,sayshisnamehasneverhadadiscernableeffectonhiscareer.“I’vedealtwiththelastnamemyentirelife,andtherehavealwaysbeennicknames,asyoucanimagine,”hesays.“Butno,itwasneveraconsideration.”Passage6選自NationalGeographicInthiscentral

Vietnamese

cityof1.2millionpeople,almosteveryinchoflandhasbeen1.______(gobble)upbydevelopers.Toweringhotelslineamiles-longwhitesandbeach.Butoneprimepieceofrealestateremainsmostlyuntouched:themountainousandforestedtipofthecity’speninsula.Itisa6,400-acrenaturereserve2.______(call)SonTra,or,asit’salsoknown,“MonkeyMountain.”Thereserve,3.______isalsohometoamilitarybase,isalastrefugeforthe

red-shankeddouc,acriticallyendangeredlangurthatnumbersonlyabout2,000animalsinSonTra.

Onarecentvisit,conservationistHoangVanChuongquicklyspottedseveralbrightlycolored,long-tailedmonkeyshighinthetreetops.“It’shardtohidewiththosefeatures,”chuckledChuong,4.______(develop)directorforthelocalnonprofit

GreenViet.

5.______(preoccupy)withsomelateafternoonleafsnacking,theanimalsdidn’tseemtoobotheredbyourpresence.Butthedoucshavegoodreasontofearhumans.Longhuntedbothformeatandmedicine,theyhavelostmuchoftheirnativeforesthabitat,whichonceextendedacrosstheregion.Drivenintotinyjungleenclaves,they’retodayfoundonlyinafewpocketsofLaosandintwoisolatedpopulationsinVietnam,the6.______(large)ofwhichclingsonhereinSonTra.Thedoucsareamongthemanyspeciesthat7.______(suffer)hugedeclinesbecauseofhabitatfragmentation,which

studiesshowisthebiggestdriverofbiodiversitylossglobally,andespeciallyinSoutheastAsia.Urbangrowthisamajor8.______(contribute)totheproblem.

Citypopulationsworldwidearepoised9.______(increase)by2.5billionoverthecoming30years,triplingtheglobalfootprintofcities.Expertswarnthatanimalsunabletoadapttourban10.______(set)maybepushedintoever-smaller,isolatedspots.

(ReadaboutanewmonkeyspecieshidinginplainsightinSoutheastAsia.)Passage1The17thdefensepolicycoordinationtalksbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateswereheldinWashingtononMondayandTuesday,China'sDefenseMinistryannouncedonWednesday.Inastatement,theministrysaidthetalkswereco-chairedbyofficialsfromtheCentralMilitaryCommissionandtheUSdeputyassistanttothesecretaryofdefense.TheChinesesidesaidinastatementthatitiswillingtodevelophealthyandstablemilitary-to-militaryrelationswiththeUSonthebasisofequalityandrespect,andjointlyimplementthemilitary-relatedconsensusreachedbythetwoheadsofthestatesduringtheirmeetinginSanFranciscoinNovember.ThestatementsaidthattheUSshouldacknowledgeChina'sconcernsanddomoretopromotethedevelopmentofbilateralmilitaryties.ChinaalsoreiterateditspositionsontheTaiwanquestionandtheSouthChinaSeaissues.ItsaiditwillnevermakeanycompromiseontheTaiwanquestionanddemandedtheUSsidetoabidebytheone-Chinaprinciple,implementitsrelevantcommitments,stoparmingTaiwanandoppose"Taiwanindependence",thestatementsaid.ChinaalsourgedtheUStoreduceitsmilitarydeploymentandprovocativeactionsintheSouthChinaSeaandstopprovidingsupporttocertaincountriesthatareinfringementonitsterritoryandcausingprovocations.TheUSshouldfullyrecognizetherootcausesofmaritimeandairsecurityrisks,strictlyrestrainitsfront-linetroopsandstophypingupproblems,theministrysaid.ChinahasmadeclearitssolemnpositionandmajorconcernsonissuesconcerningChina'scoreinterestsandinternationalhotspotissues,itadded.Passage2TheChang'e6spacecraft,China'snextroboticexpeditiontothemoon,hasbeenscheduledtolandonthemooninthefirsthalfofthisyearandwillbetaskedwithbringingbacksamplesfromthesilvercelestialbody'slittle-knownfarside,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.TheadministrationsaidinanewsreleaseonWednesdaythatcomponentsoftheChang'e6probeweretransportedbytwomilitarycargoplanestoHaikou,capitalofHainanprovince,onMondayandTuesday,andwerethencarriedbytruckstotheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterontheeastcoastoftheislandprovince.Theprobewillbeassembledandundergoprelaunchchecksatthecenter,itnoted,addingthatpreparatoryworkisunderwayatallsystemsinvolvedinthecomingmission.LikeChang'e5,itspredecessor,theChang'e6spacecraftconsistsoffourcomponents–anorbiter,alander,anascenderandare-entrymodule.ItsoperationalprocesswillalsomimicthatoftheChang'e5.Aftertheprobereacheslunarorbit,thecomponentswillseparateintotwoparts,withtheorbiterandre-entrymoduleremaininginorbitwhilethelanderandascenderheadforthemoon'ssurface.Thelander/ascendercombinationwillmakeasoftlandingandthenstartusingadrillandamechanicalarmtogatherlunarrocksandsoil.Oncethesurfaceoperationsaredone,theascender'srocketwillelevateittolunarorbittodockwiththere-entrymodule.Itwilltransfersamplestothemodule,whichwillcarrythemtoEarth.TheUnitedStates,theformerSovietUnionandChinahavebroughtlunarsamplesbacktoEarth,butnonehaseverobtainedsamplesfromthefarsideofthemoon.TidalforcesonEarthslowthemoon'srotationtothepointwherethesamesidealwaysfacesEarth.Theotherside,mostofwhichisnevervisiblefromEarth,isthemoon'sfarside.Thoughthefarsidehadbeenextensivelyphotographedbyspacecraft,startingwithaSovietprobein1959,noprobehadevertoucheddownonituntilChina'sChang'e4mission,whichlandedintheVonKarmancraterintheSouthPole-AitkenBasininJanuary2019.Theiradventuresarechronicledintwosagas—TheSagaoftheGreenlanders

and

TheSagaofEriktheRed—which,despitetheirrelianceonoralhistories,providesomevitalcluesaboutthelivesofthosefirstEuropeanpioneers.Passage3ChristmasinEdinburghistrulylovely.Infact,it’ssolovelythatEdinburghtopsmostlistsof“bestplacestovisitforChristmasintheUK”,andit’seasytoseewhy.Knownforitsfestivalsallyearround,thecitydoesn’ttakeanytimeoffinDecember,insteadcomingalivewithfestivedecorations,marketsandspecialevents.Strollthroughcharmingwoodenstallsand

pickouthandmadegifts

foryourfamily,orwarmupwithsomemulledwine,surroundedbytwinklingChristmaslights.Ifyou’renotsofussedaboutChristmas,youcantakeinthecity’sscenicviewsinstead.ClimbupthefamousArthur’sSeat,anancient

volcano

whosepeakboastspanoramicviewsoftheEdinburghandbeyond.Afterabracingwalkupanddownthehill,rewardyourselfwithScottishdelicacieslike

haggis

orneepsandtatties.

Thepartycontinuesintothenewyearwiththecity’s

Hogmanay

celebrations.HogmanayistheScotswordforthelastdayoftheoldyear,anditisoftencelebratedwithfireworksdisplaysandheartfeltrenditionsof“AuldLangSyne”sunginacircleoflinkedarms.Edinburghcertainlydoesn’tholdback:its1996–97celebrationswererecognisedbytheGuinnessBookofRecordsattheworld'slargestNewYearparty,withapproximately400,000attendees.Thesedays,Edinburgh’sHogmanayinvolveslivemusic,fireworksandatorchlightdisplay.Withtheholidayseasonfastapproaching,wespeaktolocalsaboutwhatlifeislikeamongthemagicalmarkets,luminouslightdisplaysandsensationalstreetparties.

Passage4StoriesoftherelentlessVikingwavethatsweptoverEuropehavefascinatedhistoriansforcenturies,withevidenceoftheirplunderingtobefoundfromBritaintoScandinaviaandtheMiddleEast—butthereisonemysteriouslandtheyneversuccessfullysettled,whichtheycalledVinland.

Once

shroudedinmyth,evidenceisnowmountingthatVinlandwasarealplace.Piecingtogether

archaeologicalfinds,carbondataandlegend,researchersbelievethatVikingseafarersattemptedanoutpostontheshoresofNorthAmerica—fivecenturiesbeforeChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld.

Theword“discovered”issomewhatloaded,givenitsEurocentriclens.LongbeforeSpanishcolonistsortheirScandinavianforebearsdroppedanchor,

America’sfirstarrivals

simplywalked,migratingfromRussiatoAlaskaacrossthedriedoutBeringSea.ButtheVikingswerecertainlythefirsttostumbleupontheAmericasfromtheeastcoast.

Theiradventuresarechronicledintwosagas—TheSagaoftheGreenlanders

and

TheSagaofEriktheRed—which,despitetheirrelianceonoralhistories,providesomevitalcluesaboutthelivesofthosefirstEuropeanpioneers.Passage5WhileWeatherheadsaysherlastname’soriginhasnothingtodowiththeweather—it’sanoldScottishnamethatreferstogoatherders—thepeopleinherhometownofWilmette,Illinois,certainlydidn’tknowthat.“Igrewupinakindofsmalltown,andIhaveawholebunchofbrothersandsisters,andwealllookalike,”Weatherheadexplains.Sopeoplewouldoftensaytoherfamilymembers,“‘Hey,what’stheweather,Weatherhead?’”shesays.“AndIhatedit,becausewhenyou’re11yearsold,youwanttobeknownasyourunique,individualself.”Infact,thenegativeassociationwithhernamemayhavekeptWeatherheadoutofclimatologyaltogether,ifnotforalittletwistofwhatyoumightcallaptonymicfate.

(Readmoreabouthownamesinfluencelifedecisions.)AfterlosinghergraduateschoolpositioninhighenergyphysicsbecauseofReagan-erabudgetcuts,Weatherheadappliedforasummerjobcrunchingnumbersforanatmosphericscientist.Thejobhadnearlyadozenapplicants,butshewaslatertoldbythescientist’ssecretarythatitwashernamethatputherapplicationoverthetop.Thescientistwas“walkingaroundgoing,‘Weatherhead.Weatherhead.We’vegottohireher!’”J.SookChung,ascientistattheUniversityofMaryland,remembersasimilarmomentwhenstandinginfrontofasearchcommitteeforhercurrentposition,studying

bluecrabs.“Oneofthebluecrablifestages,theadultfemale,iscalled

sook,”saysChung.“It’sexactlythesamespelling.”Asitturnsout,sharingthenameoftheanimalshewasapplyingtostudywasahandyicebreaker.“I’mjokinginsayingit,butIwasdestinedtoworkonbluecrabs,”saysChung.Noteveryoneseestheirnameassociationsaspositiveormeaningful,ofcourse.“Lotsofpeoplehavenoticedtheseemingbondbetweenmynameandmychosenfieldofstudy,”says

StephenPyne,anenvironmentalscientistatArizonaStateUniversityandwriterwho