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10圖3：ERP的演變來(lái)自（傳

統(tǒng)）到（現(xiàn)代）人少數(shù)訓(xùn)練有素的用戶(hù)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)權(quán)限基于角色的

企業(yè)級(jí)擴(kuò)展訪(fǎng)問(wèn)依賴(lài)稀缺的高技能技術(shù)資源，實(shí)施復(fù)雜

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點(diǎn)；靜態(tài)接口、有限的互操作性、可見(jiàn)性和協(xié)作企業(yè)間的重

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所有類(lèi)型的數(shù)據(jù)，單一的真相來(lái)源；具有嵌入式Al/ML的智能/上下文、數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)分析注重

穩(wěn)定性、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和一體化；集成先進(jìn)技術(shù)具有挑戰(zhàn)性，例如工業(yè)4.0注重

靈活性和創(chuàng)新性；模塊化設(shè)計(jì)促進(jìn)了新技術(shù)和新能力的集成網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全漏洞/不斷修補(bǔ)和軟件更新

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