軍隊文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷7)

試卷科目：軍隊文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)軍隊文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷7)PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber/SECTIONPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages軍隊文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)第1部分：單項選擇題，共100題，每題只有一個正確答案,多選或少選均不得分。[單選題]1.Itriedtoconvincehim_____havingdonewronginthematter.A)forB)ofC)aboutD)on答案:B解析:convincesb.ofdoingsth.說服某人，使某人相信。[單選題]2.The?firstAmericans?are()A)theAboriginesB)theMaoriC)theIndiansD)theEskimos答案:C解析:考查美國歷史。印第安人(Indians)是對除因紐特人外的所有美洲土著的統(tǒng)稱，并非一個民族或種族。印第安人分布在當(dāng)今美洲各國。美國的土著居民是印第安人。theAborigines意思是?土著居民?，不屬于任何群體；B項毛利人(Maori)是新西蘭的土著，于公元十三世紀從東部屬波利尼西亞的島嶼抵達新西蘭；D項愛斯基摩人(Eskimo)生活在北極地區(qū)，又稱因紐特人，分布在從西伯利亞、阿拉斯加到格陵蘭的北極圈內(nèi)外，分別居住在格陵蘭、美國、加拿大和俄羅斯。[單選題]3.Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Keasey?sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightinclude?public?duty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor?sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty:fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto?BonniewrecksArm?spretendhouse?dependingonwhetherBonniedidit?sosomebodywon?tfalloverit?orbecauseBonniewanted?tomakeAnnfeelbad?.Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamong-actsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.Itcanbeinferredthattheterm?public?duty?(pra.2),inthecontextofthepassage,meanswhichofthefollowing?A)ThenecessitytoapprehendperpetratorsB)TheresponsibilitytopunishtransgressorsC)AnobligationtopreventharmtoanotherD)Theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction答案:C解析:由下文可知，?publicduty?意指保護他人不受傷害的責(zé)任。[單選題]4.Hisanxietyandworry_____himtorushintotheroomandinterruptourtalk.A)shovedB)saddenedC)promptedD)ridiculed答案:C解析:prompt敦促，促使。shove推，猛推，強使。sadden使傷心。ridicule嘲笑，奚落。[單選題]5.Chinaisanagriculturalcountry，thereforeagricultureisinevitably()innationaleconomy.A)inevitableB)fundamentalC)radicalD)basic答案:B解析:考查形容詞辨析。中國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)國家，因此農(nóng)業(yè)必然是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)。[單選題]6.TheepochofRenaissancewitnessedaparticulardevelopmentofEnglish_____.A)dramaticmonologueB)dramaC)blankverseD)poetry答案:B解析:文藝復(fù)興時期，戲劇得到了繁榮發(fā)展。[單選題]7.Gotmilk?Ifyoudo,takeamomenttoponderthetrueoddnessofbeingabletodrinkmilkafteryou?reababy.Nootherspeciesbuthumanscan.Andmosthumanscan?teither.Thelonglistsoffoodallergiessomepeopleclaimtohavecanmakeitseemasifthey?rejustfinickyeaterstryingtorationalizelikesanddislikes.Notso.Eggs,peanuts,treenuts,fish,shellfishsoyandglutenallcanwreakhavocontheimmunesystemofallergicindividuals,evencausingadeadlyreactioncalledanaphylaxis.Butthoseallergicreactionsarerelativelyrare,affectinganestimated4%ofadults.Milk?sdifferent.Therearepeoplewhohavetruemilkallergiesthatcancausedeadlyreactions.Butmostpeoplewhohavebadreactionstomilkaren?tactuallyallergictoit,inthatit?snottheirimmunesystemthat?srespondingtothemilk.Instead,peoplewhoarelactoseintolerantcan?tdigestthemainsugar-lactose-foundinmilk.Innormalhumans,theenzymethatdoesso-lactase-stopsbeingproducedwhenthepersonisbetweentwoandfiveyearsold.Theundigestedsugarsendupinthecolon,wheretheybegintoferment,producinggasthatcancausecramping,bloating,nausea,flatulenceanddiarrhea.Ifyou?reAmericanorEuropeanit?shardtorealizethis,butbeingabletodigestmilkasanadultisoneweirdgeneticadaptation.It?snotnormal.Somewhatlessthan40%ofpeopleintheworldretaintheabilitytodigestlactoseafterchildhood.Thenumbersareoftengivenascloseto0%ofNativeAmericans,5%ofAsians,25%ofAfricanandCaribbeanpeoples,50%ofMediterraneanpeoplesand90%ofnorthernEuropeans.Swedenhasoneoftheworld?shighestpercentagesoflactasetolerantpeople.Beingabletodigestmilkissostrangethatscientistssayweshouldn?treallycalllactoseintoleranceadisease,becausethatpresumesit?sabnormal,instead,theycallitlactasepersistence,indicatingwhat?sreallyweirdistheabilitytocontinuetodrinkmilk.There?sbeenalotofresearchoverthepastdecadelookingatthegeneticmutationthatallowsthissubsetofhumanitytostaymilkdrinkersintoadulthood.Along-heldtheorywasthatthemutationshowedupfirstinNorthernEurope,wherepeoplegotlessvitaminDfromthesunandthereforedidbetteriftheycouldalsogetthecrucialhormone(it?snotreallyavitaminatall)frommilk.ButnowagroupatUniversityCollegeLondonhasshownthatthemutationactuallyappearedabout7,500yearsagoindairyfarmerswholivedinaregionbetweenthecentralBalkansandcentralEurope,inwhatwasknownastheFunnelBeakerculture.ThepaperwaspublishedthisweekinPLOSComputationalBiology.Theresearchersusedacomputertomodelthespreadoflactasepersistence,dairyfarming,otherfoodgatheringpracticesandgenesinEurope.Today,thehighestproportionofpeoplewithlactasepersistenceliveinNorthwestEurope,especiallytheNetherlands,IrelandandScandinavia.ButthecomputermodelsuggeststhatdairyfarmerscarryingthisgenevariantprobablyoriginatedincentralEuropeandthenspreadmorewidelyandrapidlythannon-dairyinggroups.AuthorMarkThomasofUniversityCollegeLondon?sdeptofGenetics,EvolutionandEnvironmentsays,?InEurope,asinglegeneticchange...isstronglyassociatedwithlactasepersistenceandappearstohavepeoplewithitabigsurvivaladvantage.?TheEuropeanmutationisdifferentfromseverallactasepersistencegenesassociatedwithsmallpopulationsofAfricanpeopleswhohistoricallyhavebeencattleherders.ResearchersattheUniversityofMarylandidentifiedonesuchmutationamongNilo-Saharan-speakingpeoplesinKenyaandTanzania.Thatmutationseemstohavearisenbetween2,700to6,800yearsago.TwoothermutationshavebeenfoundamongtheBejapeopleofnortheasternSudanandtribesofthesamelanguagefamilyinnorthernKenya.AccordingtoMarkThomas,wecaninferthat_____.A)inEurope,peoplewithlongevitymustnotbelactasepersistence.B)ageneticmutationonlactasepersistencechangedpeople?slife.C)theEuropeanpeoplebenefitfromgeneticchange.D)theEuropeanshavesuperiorsurvivaladvantagetootherhumanraces.答案:C解析:?InEurope,asinglegeneticchange...withitabigsurvivaladvantage.?意思是?在歐洲，單一的基因改變與乳糖耐受性聯(lián)系密切，而且使人們擁有更大的生存優(yōu)勢。?A項太絕對，B項不符合原文意思。D項以偏概全，文中并沒有說歐洲人比其他所有人種都具有生存優(yōu)勢。[單選題]8.Thephrase?boysandgirls?isa(n)()A)subordinateendocentricconstructionB)coordinateendocentricconstructionC)subordinateexocentricconstructionD)coordinateexocentricconstruction答案:B解析:考查語義知識。Coordination(并列關(guān)系)referstoacommonsyntacticpattemformedbygroupingtogethertwoormorecategoriesofthesametypewiththehelpofaconjunction.Endocentricconstruction(向心結(jié)構(gòu))isonewhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalent，orapproachingequivalence，tooneofitsconstituents.[單選題]9.?Aslowstudentusuallyneedsa_____athome,?saidasociologistintheneighborhood.A)tutorB)laymanC)debtorD)supervisor答案:A解析:tutor家庭教師，導(dǎo)師。layman俗人，外行。debtor債務(wù)人，債主。supervisor舍監(jiān)，導(dǎo)師。[單選題]10.JohnisreadinganinterestingbookonevolutiontheorywhichwaswrittenbyCharlesDarwin，whowasaBritishnaturalistwhodevelopedatheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselection.Whatdesignfeatureoflanguageisreflectedintheexample？()A)CreativityB)ArbitrarinessC)DisplacementD)Duality答案:A解析:考查語言的識別性特征。語言使用者能夠以有限的語言規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)說出和理解無限的句子，屬于語言的?創(chuàng)造性?特征。[單選題]11.PerhapsthemostsignificantpostwartrendwasthedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates，()whenmassivehighway-buildingprogramspermittedgreatersuburbangrowth.A)andacceleratedaphenomenonB)aphenomenonthatacceleratedC)acceleratingaphenomenonwhichD)theaccelerationofwhichphenomenon答案:B解析:考查同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。aphenomenon是thedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates的同位語。A項中and為連詞，后面應(yīng)該連接一個完整的句子，但缺主語，故錯誤。C項語序混亂，which后不能接when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。D項中ofwhich作介詞賓語，后面應(yīng)該接一個完整的句子，但只有phenomenon一個主語，句子不完整，因此錯誤。故本題選B。句意：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項目促進了郊區(qū)的發(fā)展時，這種現(xiàn)象就更明顯了。[單選題]12.Whenthetelevisionisgood,nothing-notthetheater,notthemagazines,ornewspapers-nothingisbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,nothingisworse.Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevisionsetwhenyourstationgoesontheairandstaytherewithoutabook,magazine,newspaper,oranythingelsetodistractyouandkeepyoureyesgluedtothatsetuntilthestationsignsoff.Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.Youwillseeaprocessionofgameshows,violence,audience-participationshows,formulacomediesabouttotallyunbelievablefamilies,bloodandthunder,Mayhem,moreviolence,sadism,murder,Westernbadmen,Westerngoodmen,privateeyes,Gangsters,stillmoreviolence,andcartoons.Andendlessly,commercialsthatstreamandcajoleandoffend.Andmostofall,boredom.True,youwillseeafewthingsyouwillenjoy.Buttheywillbevery,veryfew.AndifyouthinkIexaggerate,tryit.Istherenoroomontelevisiontoteach,toinform,touplift,tostretch,toenlargethecapacitiesofourchildren?Istherenoroomforprogramstodeepenthechildren?sunderstandingofchildreninotherlands?Istherenoroomforachildren?snewsshowexplainingsomethingabouttheworldforthemattheirlevelofunderstanding?Istherenoroomforreadingthegreatliteratureofthepast,teachingthemthegreattraditionsoffreedom?Therearesomefinechildren?sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.Mustthesebeyourtrademarks?Searchyourconscienceandseewhetheryoucannotoffermoretoyouryoungbeneficiarieswhosefutureyouguardsomanyhourseachandeveryday.Therearemanypeopleinthisgreatcountry,andyoumustserveallofus.Youwillgetnoargumentfrommeifyousaythat,givenachoicebetweenaWesternandasymphony,morepeoplewillwatchtheWestern.IlikeWesternsandprivateeyes,too-butasteadydietforthewholecountryisobviouslynotinthepublicinterest.Weallknowthatpeoplewouldmoreoftenprefertobeentertainedthanstimulatedorinformed.Butyourobligationsarenotsatisfiedifyoulookonlytopopularityasatestofwhattobroadcast.Yonarenotonlyinshowbusiness:youarefreetocommunicateideasaswellastogiverelaxation.Youmustprovideawiderangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation?swhims-youmustalsoservethenation?sneeds.Thepeopleowntheair.Theyownitasmuchinprimeeveningtimeastheydoatsixo?clockinthemorning.Foreveryhourthatthepeoplegiveyou--youownthemsomething.Iintendtoseethatyourdebtispaidwithservice.Theauthor?sattitudetowardtelevisioncanbestbedescribedas_____.A)sullennessatdefeatB)reconciliationwiththebroadcastersC)righteousindignationD)determinationtoprevail答案:C解析:從第一段作者對電視節(jié)目的描述?wasteland?，第二段作者對其進行的一系列置疑?Istherenoroom…?，以及第三段，作者列舉的電視節(jié)目的職責(zé)和義務(wù)等，可判斷作者對目前的電視節(jié)目感到憤慨。選項C正確。[單選題]13.MillionsofAmericansoldiersfought_____intheWorldWarII.A)externallyB)aboardC)broadlyD)overseas答案:D解析:overseas在海外。externally外表上。aboard在船上。broadly寬闊地。[單選題]14.Thewordwhichbestdescribesthetoneofthepoem?WhenWeTwoParted?is_____.A)sentimentalB)ironicC)paradoxicalD)realistic答案:A解析:《當(dāng)我們倆分手時》是一首由喬治·戈登·拜倫創(chuàng)作的詩歌，這首詩主要回憶了作者與愛人分別的情景和感受以及后來的心情。故選A。[單選題]15.Accordingto()，wecouldonlysay?Theboykickedtheball.?insteadof?Boytheballkickedthe.?A)syntagmaticrelationB)paradigmaticrelationC)endocentricconstructionD)exocentricconstruction答案:A解析:語言學(xué)概念的實例分析。該題屬于句法學(xué)的范疇。單詞在句中的位置不可隨意調(diào)換，這是由句法學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)主義學(xué)派提出的Syntagmaticrelation(組合關(guān)系)規(guī)定的。[單選題]16.Peterisoneofthemajorcharactersin_____.A)LordoftheFliesB)WaitingforGodotC)LycidasD)ThePilgrim?sProgress答案:C解析:Peter是約翰·彌爾頓的作品Lycidas中的主人公。故選C。[單選題]17.Scientistsseemingtocureandpreventinsulin-dependentdiabeteshavediscoveredwhatgoeswronginthebodiesofaspecialbreedofmicepronetotheafflictionand,usingthatknowledge,havedevelopedawaytopreventthediseaseintheRoberts.Becausemousediabetesisalmostidenticaltohumantype1diabetes(alsocalledinsulin-dependentorjuvenile-onsetdiabetes)，theresearcherssaytheymaybereadytotesttheirtechniquesonhumansinfiveyearsandthatatreatmentforpatientsintheearlystagesofthediseasecouldbereadytotestintwoyears.Infindings-publishedinlastweek?sissueofNature-wereobtainedbytworesearchgroupsworkingindependently.OnewasledbyDanielL.Kaufaman,amolecularbiologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles,andtheotherbyHughO.McdevitofStanfordUniversity.?There?sgreatexcitementattheprospectsforthisresearch?saidJamesGavin,adiabetesspecialistandpresidentoftheAmericanDiabetesAssociation.?Thesearestudiesyouhavetocallconvincing.Theyareclearlylikelytohavehumanapplications.?Type1diabeteshaslongbeenknowntobeanautoimmunedisease-anailmentinwhichtheimmunesystem,insteadofdefendingthebodyagainstinvadingmicrobes,mistakenlyattackspartofthebody.Indiabetes,itkillsthespecialcellsinthepancreasthatmakeinsulin.Withoutinsulin,cellscannottakeinsugar.Thebodyisdeprivedofsugarenergyanditsaccumulationinthebloodstreamdamagesnervesandotherissues.Thepotentialnewtreatmentswouldeitherstoptheimmunesystemfrommakingamistakeorsuppressanexistingerroneousresponse.Scientistsfindthatitispossibletocurediabetesbymeansof_____.A)operationonpancreasB)stoppingtheaccumulationofbloodcellsC)accumulationsugarenergyD)preventingtheimmunesystemfrommakingmistakes答案:D解析:最后一段最后一句提到了這種治療的新方法?hepotentialnewtreatmentswouldeitherstoptheimmunesystemfrommakingamistakeorsuppressanexistingerroneousresponse.?，或者組織免疫系統(tǒng)出錯，或者壓制現(xiàn)存的錯誤反應(yīng)。故選D。[單選題]18.Afewpeopledokeepsnakes,whichare_____disgusted,astheirpets.A)individuallyB)drasticallyC)particularlyD)universally答案:D解析:universally普遍地。individually個人地。drastically激烈地。particularly尤其。[單選題]19.Theresultsofthatcompanyare_____stockmarketexpectations.A)outoflineB)inlineC)inlinewithD)inlinefor答案:C解析:inlinewith與……一致，符合。outofline沒排齊，不守秩序。inline成一直線，有秩序。inlinefor即將得到。[單選題]20.TheanthemofCanadais()A)CanadaTheBeautifulB)OCanadaC)GodDefendCanadaD)AdvanceCanadaFair答案:B解析:考查加拿大的國家象征。加拿大國歌是OCanada。[單選題]21.Lifeismorelikeabaseball_____,whereeventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.A)seasonB)timeC)periodD)year答案:A解析:句意：人生更像是一個棒球賽季，即使最好的球隊也會輸?shù)羧种坏谋荣悾畈畹那蜿犚灿写猴L(fēng)得意的日子。season時期，活躍季節(jié)。time時間。period一段時間。year年。[單選題]22.Ijustwonder()thatmakeshimsoexcited.A)whyitdoesB)whathedoesC)howitisD)whatitis答案:D解析:考查強調(diào)句型。本題題干相當(dāng)于Ijustwonderwhatmakeshimsoexcited.的意義，所以該題實際上為強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句式。what為賓語從句的連接詞，且在從句中作主語。故本題選D。句意：我想知道什么使他如此興奮。[單選題]23.BloomfieldintroducedtheICanalysis，whosefullnameis()Analysis.A)InternalComponentB)InnateCapacityC)InternalConstituentD)ImmediateConstituents答案:D解析:考查語義知識。IC的完整名字是Immediateconstituents，意為?直接成分分析法?，最先由Bloomfield在《語言論》中提出。[單選題]24.ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth?satmosphereaffecttheheatbalanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth?ssurface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstantaveragetemperature,suchemissionsfromtheplanetmustbalanceincomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatwouldescapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurfacetemperaturewouldbesomuchlowerthattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.Theburningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestshaveincreasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears,andwecontinuetoaddcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreaseincarbondioxidecauseaglobalriseinaveragetemperature,andcouldsucharisehaveseriousconsequencesforhumansociety?Mathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasafunctionoftheincreaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof-18℃canbeobservedatanaltitudeof5to6kilometersabovetheEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledtheradiatinglevel),thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometerapproachingtheEarth?ssurface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout15℃.Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidemeansthattherearemoremoleculesofcarbondioxidetoabsorbinfraredradiation.Asthecapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiationincreases,theradiatinglevelandthetemperatureofthesurfacemustrise.Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbondioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃:Thismodelassumesthattheatmosphere?srelativehumidityremainsconstantandthetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃perkilometer.Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewatervaporintheatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfraredwavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,therelativehumiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereincreasesasthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfraredradiationwouldbeabsorbedandreradiatedbacktotheEarth?ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice,reducingtheEarth?sreflectivity.Moresolarradiationwouldthenbeabsorbed,leadingtoafurtherincreaseintemperature.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthelasthundredyears?A)Fossilfuelswereburnedforthefirsttime.B)Greateramountsoflandwereclearedthanatanytimebefore.C)TheaveragetemperatureattheEarth?ssurfacehasbecome2℃cooler.D)Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasincreasedmeasurably.答案:D解析:文中第二段第二句表明，過去100年間，礦物燃料的燃燒和森林的砍伐使大氣中二氧化碳的含量增加了大約15%，而且我們不斷地向大氣中排放二氧化碳，由此可以推斷，A、B兩項表述均不準確；由于大氣中的二氧化碳在不斷增加，因此地表溫度只會升高，而不是降低，C項錯誤；因此只有D項符合文章大意。[單選題]25.Heisnottoblamebecausehewas_____ofthenewruleswhichwerepassedduringhisabsence.A)ignorantB)consciousC)ashamedD)cautious答案:A解析:ignorant不知道的；無知的，愚昧的。conscious有意識的，神志清醒的。ashamed慚愧的，害臊的。cautious小心的，謹慎的。[單選題]26._____herpeninink,whensheheardthetrampingoflittlefeetalongthehall,andthenapoundingatherdoor.A)NosoonerhasshedippedB)ScarcelyhadshedippedC)AssoonasshehaddippedD)Hardlyshehasdipped答案:B解析:句意：當(dāng)她聽到大廳外的腳步聲和急促的敲門聲的時候，她還沒有用筆去蘸墨水。nosooner，scarcely，hardly等放在句首時要用倒裝語序，根據(jù)題意，B選項符合。nosooner應(yīng)與than搭配使用，所以A項錯誤。D項has應(yīng)放在she之前。[單選題]27.It?snothingnewthatEnglishuseisontherisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,theheadquartersoftheglobalbattleagainstAmericanculturalhegemony.IfFrenchguysaregivingintoEnglish,somethingreallybigmustbegoingon.Andsomethingbigisgoingon.Partly,it?sthatAmericanhegemony.DidierBenchimol,CEOofaFrenche-commercesoftwarecompany,feelscompelledtospeakEnglishperfectlybecausetheInternetsoftwarebusinessisdominatedbyAmericans.HeandotherFrenchbusinessmenalsohavetospeak,EnglishbecausetheywanttogettheirmessageouttoAmericaninvestors,possessorsoftheworld?sdeepestpockets.ThetriumphofEnglishinFranceandelsewhereinEurope,however,mayrestonsomethingmoreenduring.Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld.Andforanumberofreasons,they?vedecideduponEnglishastheircommontongue.SowhenGermanchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompanyHoechstmergedwithFrenchcompetitorRhone-Poulenclastyear,thecompanieschosethevaguelyLatinateAventisasthenewcompanyname-andsettledonEnglishasthecompany?scommonlanguage.WhenmonetarypolicymakersfromaroundEuropebeganmeetingattheEuropeanCentralBankinFrankfurtlastyeartosetinterestratesforthenewEuroland,theyheldtheirdeliberationsinEnglish.EventheEuropeanCommission,with11officiallanguagesandatraditionallyFrench-spiritingbureaucracy,effectivelyswitchedovertoEnglishasitsworkinglanguagelastyear.Howdidthishappen?OneschoolattributesEnglish?sgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit.It?saGermaniclanguage,broughttoBritainaroundthefifthcenturyA.D.DuringthefourcenturiesofFrench-speakingrulethatfollowedNormanConquestof1066,thelanguagemorphedintosomethingelseentirely.Frenchwordswereaddedwholesale,andmostofthecomplicationsofGermanicgrammarwereshedwhilefewofthecomplicationsofFrenchwereadded.Theresultisalanguagewithahugevocabularyandasimplegrammarthatcanexpressmostthingsmoreefficientlythaneitherofitsparents.What?smore,Englishhasremainedungovernedandopentochange-foreignwords,coinages,andgrammaticalshifts-inawaythatFrench,ruledbythepuristAcadémieFrancaise,hasnot.Soit?saswelllanguage,especiallyforbusiness.ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomiesastothelanguage?sabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win.Whathappenedisthatthecompetition-firstLatin,thenFrench,then,briefly,German-fadedwiththewaningofthepolitical,economic,andmilitaryfortunesof,respectively,theCatholicChurch,France,andGermany.Allalong,Englishwasincreasinginimportance:BritainwasthebirthplaceoftheIndustrialRevolution,andLondontheworld?smostimportantfinancialcenter,whichmadeEnglishakeylanguageforbusiness.England?scoloniesaroundtheworldalsomadeitthelanguagewiththemostglobalreach.AndasthatformercolonytheU.S.rosetothestatusoftheworld?spreeminentpolitical,economic,military,andculturalpower,Englishbecametheobvioussecondlanguagetolearn.Inthe1990smoreandmoreEuropeansfoundthemselvesforcedtouseEnglish.Thelastgenerationofbusinessandgovernmentleaderswhohadn?tstudiedEnglishinschoolwasleavingthestage.TheEuropeanCommunitywasaddingnewmembersandevolvingfromapaper-shufflingclubintoaseriousregionalgovernmentthatwouldneedasinglecommonlanguageifitwereevertogetanythingdone.Meanwhile,economicbarriersbetweenEuropeannationshavebeendisappearing,meaningthatmoreandmorecompaniesarebeginningtolookatthewholecontinentastheirdomesticmarket.AndthentheInternetcamealong.TheNethadtwobigimpacts.Onewasthatitwasanexciting,potentiallylucrativenewindustrythathaditsrootsintheU.S.,soifyouwantedtogetinonit,youhadtospeaksomeEnglish.TheotherwasthatbysurfingtheWeb,EuropeanswhohadpreviouslyencounteredEnglishonlyinschoolandinpopsongswerenowcomingintocontactwithitdaily.NoneofthismeansEnglishhastakenoverEuropeanlife.AccordingtotheEuropeanUnion,47%ofWesternEuropeans(includingtheBritishandIrish)speakEnglishwellenoughtocarryonaconversation.That?salotmorethanthosewhocanspeakGerman(32%)orFrench(28%),butitstillmeansmoreEuropeansdon?tspeakthelanguage.Ifyouwanttosellshampooorcellphones,youhavetodoitinFrenchorGermanorSpanishorGreek.EventheU.S.andBritishmediacompaniesthatstandtobenefitmostfromthespreadofEnglishhavebeenhedgingtheirbets-CNNbroadcastsinSpanish;the?FinancialTimes?hasrecentlylaunchedadailyGerman-languageedition.ButjustlookatwhospeaksEnglish:77%ofWesternEuropeancollegestudent,69%ofmanagers,and65%ofthoseaged15to24.InthesecondaryschoolsoftheEuropeanUnion?snon-English-speakingcountries,91%ofstudentsstudyEnglish,allofwhichmeansthatthetransitiontoEnglishasthelanguageofEuropeanbusinesshasn?tbeenallthattraumatic,andit?sonlygoingtogeteasierinthefuture.WhichofthefollowingstatementsforecaststhecontinuousriseofEnglishinthefuture?A)Abouthalf