軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷9)

試卷科目：軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)(習(xí)題卷9)PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber/SECTIONPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages軍隊(duì)文職人員招聘英語言文學(xué)第1部分：單項(xiàng)選擇題，共100題，每題只有一個(gè)正確答案,多選或少選均不得分。[單選題]1.ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth?satmosphereaffecttheheatbalanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth?ssurface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstantaveragetemperature,suchemissionsfromtheplanetmustbalanceincomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatwouldescapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurfacetemperaturewouldbesomuchlowerthattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.Theburningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestshaveincreasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears,andwecontinuetoaddcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreaseincarbondioxidecauseaglobalriseinaveragetemperature,andcouldsucharisehaveseriousconsequencesforhumansociety?Mathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasafunctionoftheincreaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof-18℃canbeobservedatanaltitudeof5to6kilometersabovetheEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledtheradiatinglevel),thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometerapproachingtheEarth?ssurface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout15℃.Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidemeansthattherearemoremoleculesofcarbondioxidetoabsorbinfraredradiation.Asthecapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiationincreases,theradiatinglevelandthetemperatureofthesurfacemustrise.Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbondioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃:Thismodelassumesthattheatmosphere?srelativehumidityremainsconstantandthetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃perkilometer.Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewatervaporintheatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfraredwavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,therelativehumiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereincreasesasthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfraredradiationwouldbeabsorbedandreradiatedbacktotheEarth?ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice,reducingtheEarth?sreflectivity.Moresolarradiationwouldthenbeabsorbed,leadingtoafurtherincreaseintemperature.Accordingtothepassage,atmosphericcarbondioxideperformsallofthefollowingfunctionsEXCEPT:_____.A)absorbingradiationatvisiblewavelengthsB)absorbinginfraredradiationC)absorbingoutgoingradiationfromtheEarthD)helpingtoretainheatneartheEarth?ssurface答案:A解析:文章第一段第二句指出，?thesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough?，所以此處二氧化碳的作用是允許可見光波長的輻射穿過大氣層，而不是將其?吸收?，因此A項(xiàng)不符合文章描述，符合題目要求；選項(xiàng)B、C在第二句的后半句有所體現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)D在第一段的倒數(shù)第三句可以找到對(duì)應(yīng)。[單選題]2._____ahighofficialofthegovernment,BrookLeeisactuallyaseniorspyoftheenemycountry.A)TypicallyB)EvidentlyC)ObviouslyD)Apparently答案:D解析:apparently表面上地。typically典型地。evidently明白地，明顯地。obviously顯而易見地。[單選題]3.Manytimeswhenhewasinterriblepainhehad_____tobeallowedtodie.A)reiteratedB)remittedC)prayedD)relieved答案:C解析:pray懇請(qǐng)，祈求。reiterate重申，重復(fù)。remit寬恕，赦免。relieve減輕，解除。[單選題]4.Wejusthavetobearthehotweatherthesedays.()，itwillbeoversoon.A)SomehowB)AnywayC)BesidesD)Therefore答案:B解析:考查副詞辨析。Somehow表示?不知怎么地；莫明其妙地；以某種方式?，Anyway表示?無論如何；不管怎樣；盡管如此?，Besides表示?此外?，Therefore表示?因此?。根據(jù)題意，正確答案為B。故本題選B。句意：這些天我們不得不忍受炎熱的天氣。無論如何，它很快就會(huì)結(jié)束。[單選題]5.TheGreatCharterwassignedin()andhad()clauses.A)1251，63B)1251，73C)1215，63D)1215，73答案:C解析:考查英國政治。在男爵們的壓力下，約翰國王于1215年簽署了《大憲章》。它由六十三個(gè)條款組成。[單選題]6.Mostofthepracticalworkofthegovernmentisdoneby_____.A)thePrimeMinisterB)theCabinetministersC)thecivilservantsD)theheadsofdepartments答案:C解析:C項(xiàng)文官辦理政府的具體事務(wù)，作為文官的人員不隨政黨的更迭而變化。B項(xiàng)內(nèi)閣成員為首相任命的重要部門的部長。D項(xiàng)為各部部長。[單選題]7.AlandingonMarsiswithinthe_____ofcurrentphysicaltheory.A)rangeB)scopeC)prospectD)sequence答案:B解析:scope（活動(dòng)的）范圍，廣度。range（認(rèn)知、知識(shí)的）范圍；行列；射程。prospect景色；期望。sequence序列。[單選題]8.()modifythemeaningofthestem，butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A)PrefixesB)SuffixesC)RootsD)Affixes答案:A解析:考查形態(tài)學(xué)。題干為：以下哪一項(xiàng)會(huì)改變?cè)~干的意思，但通常不改變?cè)~的詞性。A項(xiàng)Prefixes(前綴)符合；B項(xiàng)Suffixes(后綴)，很容易改變?cè)~性，排除；C項(xiàng)Roots(詞根)，排除；D項(xiàng)Affixes(詞綴)，過于模糊，排除。[單選題]9.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadof_____.A)theShadowCabinetB)theParliamentC)theOppositionD)theCabinet答案:D解析:英國政體為議會(huì)制君主立憲制。國家的權(quán)力掌握在內(nèi)閣（theCabinet）手中，內(nèi)閣掌握行政權(quán)并對(duì)議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，內(nèi)閣首腦稱為首相。影子內(nèi)閣（ShadowCabinet）由在野黨領(lǐng)袖組成，是反對(duì)黨按照內(nèi)閣的組織形式組成的準(zhǔn)備上臺(tái)執(zhí)政的班子。議會(huì)（Parliament）是英國立法機(jī)關(guān)。theOpposition反對(duì)黨，在野黨。[單選題]10.RobertFrostcombinedtraditionalverseformsthesonnet,rhymingcouplets,blankverse-withaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm,thespeechof_____farmerswithitsidiosyncraticdictionandsyntax.A)SouthernB)WesternC)NewHampshireD)NewEngland答案:D解析:羅伯特·弗羅斯特是20世紀(jì)最受歡迎的美國詩人之一。他采用通俗上口的語言、人們熟知的韻律，描寫新英格蘭地區(qū)寧靜鄉(xiāng)村的道德風(fēng)尚。[單選題]11.Exaltationofemotionabovereasonisaprincipleof_____.A)RomanticismB)RealismC)NaturalismD)Modernism答案:A解析:浪漫主義者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是情感，直覺和想象。他們更注意的是人的精神和感情生活層面，而非理性。故選A。[單選題]12.OfDickens′novels，()isconsideredmostautobiographical.A)ATaleofTwoCitiesB)DavidCopperfieldC)OliverTwistD)GreatExpectations答案:B解析:考查英國作家及其作品。狄更斯是英國著名的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說家，主要作品包括AtaleofTwoCities《雙城記》、OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》、DavidCopperfield《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》、GreatExpectation《遠(yuǎn)大前程》和HardTimes《艱難時(shí)世》。其中，《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》被認(rèn)為是狄更斯帶有自傳性質(zhì)的一部小說。[單選題]13.Sincethelate1970?sinthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity-andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness-throughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity-thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput-didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultswerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cutting,themoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies;itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa?40,40,20?rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthenumber,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproach-includingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder-doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy?sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.Andmanagersunderpressuretomaximizecost-cuttingwillresistinnovationbecausetheyknowthatmorefundamentalchangesinprocessesorsystemswillwreakhavocwiththeresultsonwhichtheyaremeasured.Productionmanagershavealwaysseentheirjobasoneofminimizingcostsandmaximizingoutput.Thisdimensionofperformancehasuntilrecentlysufficedasabasisofevaluation,butithascreatedapenny-pinching,mechanisticcultureinmostfactoriesthathaskeptawaycreativemanagers.EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufacturingstructureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach;withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcosts.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitdearlyrestsoiladifferentwayofmanaging.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith_____.A)summarizingathesisB)recommendingadifferentapproachC)comparingpointsofviewD)makingaseriesofpredictions答案:B解析:?cost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa?40,40,20?rule.?由此句可知，cost-cutting已經(jīng)不是提高生產(chǎn)力的好方法，而是要通過?40,40,20?rule來提高生產(chǎn)力，所以作者是在recommendingadifferentapproach。[單選題]14.Doyouknowofany_____onesintheneighborhood?A)vacantB)emptyC)blankD)bleak答案:A解析:vacant空閑的，未占用的。empty空的，空洞的，空虛的。blank空白的，無表情的。bleak暗淡的，陰郁的。[單選題]15.Anydamagetoabookresulting_____negligencemustbepaidforbytheborrower.A)withB)fromC)againstD)in答案:B解析:resultfrom由……造成，因……產(chǎn)生。resultin引起結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致。[單選題]16.Ofthefollowingwriters，()isNOTaNobelPrizeWinner.A)SamuelBeckettB)JamesJoyceC)JohnGalsworthyD)WilliamButlerYeats答案:B解析:考查英國文學(xué)知識(shí)。A、C、D三項(xiàng)中的作家均曾獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。[單選題]17.Theargumentsforandagainsttheschemehavebeen_____inabookletwhichwillappearshortly.A)setupB)setdownC)setoutD)setabout答案:C解析:句意：支持和反對(duì)這個(gè)方案的意見已經(jīng)闡明在一本小冊(cè)子里，不久就會(huì)出版。setout陳述，闡明。出發(fā)。setup豎起，建立，開辦。setdown放下。setabout開始。[單選題]18.Whenthetelevisionisgood,nothing-notthetheater,notthemagazines,ornewspapers-nothingisbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,nothingisworse.Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevisionsetwhenyourstationgoesontheairandstaytherewithoutabook,magazine,newspaper,oranythingelsetodistractyouandkeepyoureyesgluedtothatsetuntilthestationsignsoff.Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.Youwillseeaprocessionofgameshows,violence,audience-participationshows,formulacomediesabouttotallyunbelievablefamilies,bloodandthunder,Mayhem,moreviolence,sadism,murder,Westernbadmen,Westerngoodmen,privateeyes,Gangsters,stillmoreviolence,andcartoons.Andendlessly,commercialsthatstreamandcajoleandoffend.Andmostofall,boredom.True,youwillseeafewthingsyouwillenjoy.Buttheywillbevery,veryfew.AndifyouthinkIexaggerate,tryit.Istherenoroomontelevisiontoteach,toinform,touplift,tostretch,toenlargethecapacitiesofourchildren?Istherenoroomforprogramstodeepenthechildren?sunderstandingofchildreninotherlands?Istherenoroomforachildren?snewsshowexplainingsomethingabouttheworldforthemattheirlevelofunderstanding?Istherenoroomforreadingthegreatliteratureofthepast,teachingthemthegreattraditionsoffreedom?Therearesomefinechildren?sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.Mustthesebeyourtrademarks?Searchyourconscienceandseewhetheryoucannotoffermoretoyouryoungbeneficiarieswhosefutureyouguardsomanyhourseachandeveryday.Therearemanypeopleinthisgreatcountry,andyoumustserveallofus.Youwillgetnoargumentfrommeifyousaythat,givenachoicebetweenaWesternandasymphony,morepeoplewillwatchtheWestern.IlikeWesternsandprivateeyes,too-butasteadydietforthewholecountryisobviouslynotinthepublicinterest.Weallknowthatpeoplewouldmoreoftenprefertobeentertainedthanstimulatedorinformed.Butyourobligationsarenotsatisfiedifyoulookonlytopopularityasatestofwhattobroadcast.Yonarenotonlyinshowbusiness:youarefreetocommunicateideasaswellastogiverelaxation.Youmustprovideawiderangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation?swhims-youmustalsoservethenation?sneeds.Thepeopleowntheair.Theyownitasmuchinprimeeveningtimeastheydoatsixo?clockinthemorning.Foreveryhourthatthepeoplegiveyou--youownthemsomething.Iintendtoseethatyourdebtispaidwithservice.Thestatementthat?thepeopleowntheair?impliesthat_____.A)citizenshavetherighttoinsistonworthwhiletelevisionprogramsB)televisionshouldbesocializedtocatertothenation?swhimsC)thegovernmentmaybuildabovepresentstructuresD)thepeopleownnothing,forairisworthless答案:A解析:第三段結(jié)尾部分，作者提到?thepeopleowntheair?，隨后指出?無論是在夜晚的精華時(shí)段還是清晨，人們都擁有theair，因此廣播公司每一時(shí)刻由于占用theair，都o(jì)wepeoplesomething?，最后，作者指出廣播公司償還的方式是搞好服務(wù)，由此可判斷，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)人們擁有天空，是暗示人們有權(quán)要求有意義的電視節(jié)目的播放，選項(xiàng)A正確。[單選題]19.Hechosemedicinebutfound，onceagain，somelackofmeaningandsointerruptedhisstudiesfirsttocollect()intheAmazonRiverandlatertospendtimerecuperatingfromillnessbyatriptoEurope.A)fragmentsB)commonsC)lamentsD)specimens答案:D解析:考查名詞辨析。fragment表示?碎片，片段?，common作為名詞，表示?公共用地?，laments意為?挽歌，哀詩?，specimens意為?(動(dòng)植物的)標(biāo)本，樣本?。此處所填名詞是和后面的AmazonRiver相對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以應(yīng)該是specimens。故本題選D。句意：他選擇了醫(yī)學(xué)，但又一次發(fā)現(xiàn)它毫無意義，于是他中斷了學(xué)業(yè)，先去亞馬遜河收集資料，后來又去歐洲旅行，休養(yǎng)身體。[單選題]20.Thepassengersinmissingairplanewere()deadafterseveralmonthsofsearch.A)rectifiedB)testifiedC)certifiedD)verified答案:C解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的搜尋，失蹤飛機(jī)上的乘客被證實(shí)已死亡。[單選題]21.Manufacturerswhocarryoutgovernmentordershavetobeverycarefulto_____specifications.A)encounterB)adheretoC)prepareforD)anticipate答案:B解析:句意：執(zhí)行政府命令的廠商應(yīng)當(dāng)小心遵守規(guī)范。adhereto遵守，堅(jiān)持。encounter遭遇。preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備。anticipate預(yù)見。[單選題]22.AccordingtotheOfficialLanguageofActofCanada，therearetwoofficiallanguagesinCanada，theyare()A)EnglishandSpanishB)EnglishandPortugueseC)EnglishandFrenchD)EnglishandCeltic答案:C解析:考查加拿大官方語言。加拿大官方語言為英語和法語。[單選題]23.Eventhoughshedidn'twanthersontoleavehome,sincehewas21,therewasnothingshecoulddoto_____itA)hinderB)preventC)ceaseD)resist答案:B解析:prevent阻止。hinder阻礙，妨礙。cease停止。resist抵抗。[單選題]24.ThemiserablefateofEnron?semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It?sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromisesofthe20thcentury.Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity-evencomfort-foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays-lackoffood,warmth,shelter-wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S.).Labourunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintobeingandofferedthepossibility-insomecasesthepromise-oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions?Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.Formillenniatheaverageperson?sstancetowardprovidingforhimselfhadbeen.UltimatelyI?monmyown.Nowitbecame,ultimatelyI?llbetakencareof.Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labour-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon?tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinedcontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson?seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintotheplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested-thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit?sworthwhentheemployeeretires.WhichbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees?401(k)accounts.Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee?s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany?sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron?s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn?tprudent,butit?swhatsomeofthemdid.TheEnronemployees?retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That?swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI?ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon?tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they?reontheirown.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,layoutunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein_____.A)people?soutlookonlifeB)people?slifestylesC)people?slivingstandardD)people?ssocialvalues答案:A解析:本題考察細(xì)節(jié)。由文章第二段倒數(shù)第四句?Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.?可知，這一系列事件帶來的是人們對(duì)待生活（approachedlifeitself）的根本性的轉(zhuǎn)變，故A項(xiàng)?人們對(duì)生活的展望、看法?，符合題意。[單選題]25.Whichisnotthefeatureoflanguage?A)ArbitrarinessB)DualityC)CreativityD)Replacement答案:D解析:本題考查語言的定義屬性。語言的定義屬性表明了人類語言的獨(dú)特性包括任意性，二元性，創(chuàng)造性以及移位性，選項(xiàng)A、B、C分別對(duì)應(yīng)前三個(gè)特點(diǎn)，因此該題選D。[單選題]26.Ifyouwantedtotryandworktoimproveyourstateofmind,I_____you,butI?mnotgoingtogetinvolvedinyourdealingswithyourcreditorsoryourcriminalfriends.A)shouldinformB)canrecommendC)haveremindedD)couldhelp答案:D解析:句意：如果你想試著改善你的心態(tài)，我可以幫助你，但我不會(huì)涉及到你的債權(quán)人或你的罪犯朋友。if條件從句表示虛擬條件，虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if從句的謂語形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式，主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形，從句中用過去式，主句中應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在式。有能力做什么用could，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]27.Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith(1875-1948).BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera?spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byjuxtaposingimagesandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowaplotthatwasmadeupofsuchjuxtaposedimages,Griffithpersisted,andexperimentedaswellwithotherelementsofcinematicsyntaxthathavebecomestandardeversince.Theseincludedtheflashback,permittingbroadpsychologicalandemotionalexplorationaswellasnarrativethatwasnotchronological,andthecrosscutbetweentwoparallelactionstoheightensuspenseandexcitement.Inthusexploitingfullythepossibilitiesofediting,GriffithtransposeddevicesoftheVictoriannoveltofilmandgavefilmmasteryoftimeaswellasspace.Besidesdevelopingthecinema?slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlyoutputwasremarkablyeclectic:itincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentsofsocialissues.Ashissuccessesmounted,hisambitionsgrew,andwiththemthewholeofAmericancinema.Whenheremade?EnochArden?in1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Griffith?sintroductionoftheAmerican-mademulti-reelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.Twoyearslater,?JudithofBethulia,anelaboratehistoricophilosophicalspectacle,reachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour?srunningtime.Fromourcontemporaryviewpoint,thepretensionsofthisfilmmayseematrifleludicrous,butatthetimeitprovokedendlessdebateanddiscussionandgaveanewintellectualrespectabilitytothecinema.TheauthorsuggeststhatGriffith?sfilminnovationshadadirecteffectonallofthefollowingEXCEPT:_____.A)filmeditingB)cameraworkC)scenecomposingD)soundediting答案:D解析:A項(xiàng)在文中第二段有所體現(xiàn)，即?Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting?；B、C兩項(xiàng)均能從第一段找到對(duì)應(yīng)，如?Hisappreciationofthecamera?spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects?；只有D項(xiàng)，作者沒有在文中提及。[單選題]28.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexam.A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthroughC)wouldgetthroughD)couldgetthrough答案:B解析:句意：如果他很努力的話，他就能通過這次考試了。這里用與過去相反的虛擬語氣，即would+havedone的句式，所以應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。[單選題]29.Itisalawthatthefourseasonsarriveon_____eachyear.A)businessB)scheduleC)averageD)contract答案:B解析:schedule時(shí)間表。business業(yè)務(wù)。average平均。contract合同，契約。[單選題]30.ThelargestriverintheUnitedKingdomisthe_____.A)ThamesRiverB)SevernRiverC)ClydeRiverD)TyneRiver答案:B解析:英國最長的河流為塞文河，全長338千米。A項(xiàng)泰晤士河穿越倫敦市，是英國第二大河，也是最重要的一條。C項(xiàng)克萊德河是蘇格蘭境內(nèi)主要河流之一。D項(xiàng)泰茵河位于英國東北部。[單選題]31.Gotmilk?Ifyoudo,takeamomenttoponderthetrueoddnessofbeingabletodrinkmilkafteryou?reababy.Nootherspeciesbuthumanscan.Andmosthumanscan?teither.Thelonglistsoffoodallergiessomepeopleclaimtohavecanmakeitseemasifthey?rejustfinickyeaterstryingtorationalizelikesanddislikes.Notso.Eggs,peanuts,treenuts,fish,shellfishsoyandglutenallcanwreakhavocontheimmunesystemofallergicindividuals,evencausingadeadlyreactioncalledanaphylaxis.Butthoseallergicreactionsarerelativelyrare,affectinganestimated4%ofadults.Milk?sdifferent.Therearepeoplewhohavetruemilkallergiesthatcancausedeadlyreactions.Butmostpeoplewhohavebadreactionstomilkaren?tactuallyallergictoit,inthatit?snottheirimmunesystemthat?srespondingtothemilk.Instead,peoplewhoarelactoseintolerantcan?tdigestthemainsugar-lactose-foundinmilk.Innormalhumans,theenzymethatdoesso-lactase-stopsbeingproducedwhenthepersonisbetweentwoandfiveyearsold.Theundigestedsugarsendupinthecolon,wheretheybegintoferment,producinggasthatcancausecramping,bloating,nausea,flatulenceanddiarrhea.Ifyou?reAmericanorEuropeanit?shardtorealizethis,butbeingabletodigestmilkasanadultisoneweirdgeneticadaptation.It?snotnormal.Somewhatlessthan40%ofpeopleintheworldretaintheabilitytodigestlactoseafterchildhood.Thenumbersareoftengivenascloseto0%ofNativeAmericans,5%ofAsians,25%ofAfricanandCaribbeanpeoples,50%ofMediterraneanpeoplesand90%ofnorthernEuropeans.Swedenhasoneoftheworld?shighestpercentagesoflactasetolerantpeople.Beingabletodigestmilkissostrangethatscientistssayweshouldn?treallycalllactoseintoleranceadisease,becausethatpresumesit?sabnormal,instead,theycallitlactasepersistence,indicatingwhat?sreallyweirdistheabilitytocontinuetodrinkmilk.There?sbeenalotofresearchoverthepastdecadelookingatthegeneticmutationthatallowsthissubsetofhumanitytostaymilkdrinkersintoadulthood.Along-heldtheorywasthatthemutationshowedupfirstinNorthernEurope,wherepeoplegotlessvitaminDfromthesunandthereforedidbetter