歷年大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)翻譯真題

四級(jí)2013年12月翻譯一許多人喜歡中餐。在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)(nutrition)。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。MostpeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisconsideredasnotonlyaskillbutalsoanart.Thewell-preparedChinesefoodisbothdeliciousandgood-looking.AlthoughcookingmethodsandfoodingredientvarywildlyindifferentplacesofChina,itiscommonforgoodcuisinetotakecolor,flavor,tasteandnutritionintoaccount.Sincefoodiscrucialtohealth,agoodchefisinsistentlytryingtoseekbalancebetweencereal,meatandvegetable,andaccordinglyChinesefoodisdeliciousaswellashealthy.翻譯二"你要茶還是咖啡?"是用餐人常被問到的問題，許多西方人會(huì)選咖啡，而中國(guó)人則會(huì)選茶，相傳，中國(guó)的一位帝王于五千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來治病，在明清(theqingdynasties)期間，茶館遍布全國(guó)，飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料(beverage)之一，茶是中國(guó)的瑰寶。也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分?！癢ouldyouliketeaorcoffee?”Thisisaquestionwhichthediningpeoplearefrequentlyasked.Somewesternerstendtochoosecoffee,whiletheChineseusuallychoosetea.ThereisalegendthatoneChineseemperorfoundtea5,000yearsagoandusedittocureillnesses.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,teahouseswerewidespreadthroughoutChina.Tea-drinkingwasspreadtoJapaninthe6thcenturybuttoEuropeandAmericauntilthe18thcentury.Nowadays,teaisoneofthemostpopularbeveragesintheworld.TeaisthetreasureofChina,anditisalsoanimportantpartoftheChinesetraditionandculture.翻譯三中國(guó)結(jié)最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的，經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它來記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要是用于裝飾的目的?！敖Y(jié)”在中文里意味這愛情丶婚姻和團(tuán)聚，中國(guó)結(jié)常常作為禮物交換或作用飾品祈求好運(yùn)和辟邪。這種形式的手工藝代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國(guó)和世界各地越來越受歡迎。TheChineseknotisoriginallyinventedbythehandicraftsman.Afterseveralhundredyears’innovation,ithasevolvedintoanelegantandcolorfulartandcraft.Inancienttimes,itwasusedforrecordingevents,whilenowitismainlyadecorativehandicraftart.InChinese,"Knot"meanslove,marriageandreunion.TheChineseknotisoftenusedasagifttoexpressgoodwishesoratalismantowardoffevilspirits.ThehandcrafthaspassedonforgenerationsandbecomemoreandmorepopularinChinaandtheworld.2014年6月中國(guó)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展核能，因?yàn)楹穗娔壳爸徽计淇偘l(fā)電量的2%，該比例在所有核國(guó)家中居第30位，幾乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核電站事故后，中國(guó)的核能開發(fā)停了下來，中止審批新的核電站，并開展全國(guó)性的核安全檢查。到2012年10月，審批才能又謹(jǐn)慎的恢復(fù)。隨著技術(shù)和安全措施的改進(jìn)，發(fā)生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。換句話說核能是可以安全開發(fā)和利用的。Chinashouldfurtherdevelopnuclearenergybecausenuclearpoweraccountsforonly2%ofitstotalgeneratingcapacitycurrently.Suchproportionranksthethirtiethinallthecountriespossessingnuclearpower,whichisalmostthelast.AfterJapan’snuclearpoweraccidentinMarch2011,nuclearpowerdevelopmentinChinawassuspended,sowastheapprovalofnewnuclearpowerplants.Also,thenationalsafetycheckforthenuclearpowerwascarriedout.ItwasnotuntilOctober2012thattheapprovalwasprudentlyresumed.Withtheimprovementoftechnologyandsafetymeasures,thereislittlepossibilityfornuclearaccidentstohappen.Inotherwords,therewon’tbeanytroubletodevelopandexploitthenuclearpower.2014年12月翻譯題一：大熊貓是一種溫順的動(dòng)物，長(zhǎng)著獨(dú)特的黑白皮毛。因其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。大熊貓對(duì)于世界自然基金會(huì)有著特殊意義。自1961年該基金會(huì)成立以來，大熊貓就一直是它的徽標(biāo)。大熊貓是熊科中最稀有的成員，主要生活在中國(guó)西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大約有1000只大熊貓。這些以竹為食的動(dòng)物正面臨許多威脅。因此，確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要。Thegiantpandaisadocileanimalwithuniqueblackandwhitefur.Becauseoftheirsmallnumber,giantpandashavebeenlistedasanendangeredspecies.ThegiantpandasareofspecialsignificanceforWWF(WorldWildlifeFund).Sincetheestablishmentin1961,thefundhasbeenusingthegiantpandaasitslogo.Thegiantpandaistherarestmemberofthebearfamily.TheymainlyliveintheforestsofsouthwesternChina.Currently,thereareabout1,000giantpandasintheworld.Thebamboo-eatinganimalsarefacingmanythreats.Therefore,toensurethesurvivalofthegiantpandaismoreimportantthanever.翻譯題二：中國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是全世界發(fā)展最快的，2010年，中國(guó)大概有4.2億網(wǎng)民，而且人數(shù)還在迅速的增長(zhǎng)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來了重大的社會(huì)變化，中國(guó)的網(wǎng)民往往不同與國(guó)外的網(wǎng)民，美國(guó)的網(wǎng)民更都多的是受實(shí)際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件，買賣商品，科學(xué)研究，規(guī)劃形成或者付款，中國(guó)網(wǎng)民更多都是出于社交的原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛的使用論壇、博客，聊天室等。TheInternetcommunityofChinaisdevelopinginthefastestwayintheworld.Chinahasabout420millionnetizensin2010,andthenumberisstillgrowingrapidly.ThegrowingpopularityofInternethasbroughtsignificantchangestothesociety.AndChinesenetizensareoftendifferentfromthenetizensinAmerica.Americannetizensaremoremotivatedbyactualneeds,usingtheInternetasatooltosende-mails,buyingandsellinggoods,plantripsorpayment.ChinesenetizensaremoreusetheInternetforsocialreasons.Hence,theyuseQQandchat-roomsforawiderrange.翻譯題三：越來越多的中國(guó)年輕人正對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)生興趣，這是近年來的新趨勢(shì)。年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心，隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了。他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引。有些人甚至選擇長(zhǎng)途背包旅行。最近調(diào)查顯示，很多年輕人想要通過旅行來體驗(yàn)不同的文化，豐富知識(shí)，拓展視野。MoreandmoreyoungpeopleareinterestedinChinesetourism,whichisanewtrendinrecentyears.Increasingnumberofyoungtourists,theycanbeattributedtotherapidincreaseofincomeandtoexploretheworldoutsideofcuriosity,withtravelmuch,youngpeopleinbigcityandfamousscenicspotstospendlesstime.Insteadtheyaremoreattractedtoaremoteplace.Somepeopleevenchooselongbackpackingtrip.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,manyyoungpeoplewhowanttoexperienceadifferentculture,travelthroughtherichknowledge,thedevelopmentfieldofvision.2015年6月Intheeyesofthewestern,thebasicfoodclosesttoChinaisrice.RicehaslongoccupiedsosignificantapositioninthedietofChinesethatthereisaproverb“Evenacleverhousewifecannotcookamealwithoutrice”.RiceisgrownmostlyinsouthernChinawherepeopleusuallytakericeastheirstaplefood,whileitcannotbeplantedinnorthernChinawheretheclimateiseithertoocoldortoodryforricetogrow.Asaresult,themaincropinthenorthiswheat.InChina,flourissometimesthemainingredientforbreadbutmoreoftenusedtomakebunsandnoodles。2015年12月1.云南省的麗江古鎮(zhèn)是著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活節(jié)奏比大多數(shù)中國(guó)城市都要緩慢。麗江到處都是美麗的自然風(fēng)光，眾多的少數(shù)民族同胞提供了各式各樣、豐富多彩的文化讓游客體驗(yàn)。歷史上，麗江還以“愛之城”而聞名。當(dāng)?shù)厝酥辛鱾髦S多關(guān)于因愛而生，為愛而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，這個(gè)古鎮(zhèn)被視為愛情和浪漫的天堂。TheancienttownofLijianginYunnanprovinceisoneofthefamoustouristdestinations.ItslivingrhythmisslowerthanthatofmostotherChinesecities。Lijiangisfullofnaturalbeautifulsceneries，wherenumerousminoritynationalitiesproviderichandvariedculturesinordertogivetouristsadifferentexperience。Historically，Lijiangwasalsoknownas“thecityoflove”.Plentyofstoriesaboutlivingforloveanddyingforlovehavebeenspreadamongthenatives.Nowadays，theoldtownequalstheparadiseofloveandromanceintheeyesofChineseandforeigntourists。2.今年在長(zhǎng)沙舉行了一年一度的外國(guó)人漢語演講比賽。這項(xiàng)比賽證明是促進(jìn)中國(guó)世界其他地區(qū)文化交流的好方法。它為世界各地的年輕人提供了更好地了解中國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。來自87個(gè)國(guó)家共計(jì)126位選手聚集在湖南省省會(huì)參加了從7月6號(hào)到8月5號(hào)進(jìn)行的半決賽和決賽。比賽并不是唯一的活動(dòng)，選手們還有機(jī)會(huì)參觀了中國(guó)其他地區(qū)的著名景點(diǎn)和歷史名勝。TheannualChinesespeechcontestforforeignerswasheldinChangshathisyear。ThecontestprovestobeagoodwaytopromoteculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandotherpartsoftheworld。ItofferstheyoungallovertheworldanopportunitytoknowmoreaboutChina.126candidatesfrom87nationsgatheredinthecapitalofHunanprovincetoattendthesemifinalandthefinalfromJuly6toAugust5。Besidesthecontest，thecandidatesalsogotachancetovisitfamoustouristattractionsandhistoricalinterestsinotherpartsofChina。3.中國(guó)父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)。他們對(duì)孩子的(唯一)要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上名牌大學(xué)。他們相信這是為孩子好，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)這樣(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))激烈的社會(huì)里，只有成績(jī)好才能保證前途光明。中國(guó)父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會(huì)上(取得)大的成就，父母就會(huì)受到尊敬。因此，他們?cè)敢鉅奚约旱臅r(shí)間、愛好和興趣，為孩子(創(chuàng)造)更好的條件。\o"2015年12月英語四級(jí)真題答案"\t"/20151219/_blank"Chineseparentshavefrequentlytendedtopaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren'sstudy,sothatchildrendon’thelpthemdothehousework.Theironlyrequirementfortheirchildrenistostudyhard,performwellintheexams,andgotoafamous/prestigiousuniversity.Theybelieveitisgoodfortheirchildren,becauseinsuchahighlycompetitivesociety,onlygoodresultscouldensureapromisingfuture.Chineseparentsalsobelievethatparentswillbehonorediftheirchildrencanachievegreatsuccessinsociety.Therefore,theyarewillingtosacrificetheirowntime,hobbiesandinterests,tocreatemuchbetterconditionsforchildren.2016年6月2016年12月

1.在中國(guó)文化中，紅色通常象征著好運(yùn)、長(zhǎng)壽和幸福，在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場(chǎng)合，紅色到處可見。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時(shí)，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國(guó)流行的另一個(gè)原因是人們把它與中國(guó)革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運(yùn)與快樂。因?yàn)閺那八勒叩拿殖Ｓ眉t色書寫，用紅墨水寫中國(guó)人名被看成是一種冒犯行為。ThecolorofredinChinesecultureusuallymeansgoodluck,longevityandhappiness.RedcanbefoundeverywhereduringChineseSpringFestivalandotherjoyousoccasions.Cashesofteninredenvelopesaresenttofamilymembersorclosefriendsasgifts.ItspopularitycanalsobeattributedthefactthatpeopleaccociateitwithChineserevolutionandCommunistParty.However,itdoesnotalwaysequaltogoodluckandjoyinthatthenameofthedeadusedtobewritteninred.UsingredinktowritenamesofChinesepeoplewereseenasanoffense.2.隨著中國(guó)的改革開放，如今很多年輕人都喜歡舉行西式婚禮。新娘在婚禮上穿著白色婚紗，因?yàn)榘咨徽J(rèn)為是純潔的象征。然而，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，白色經(jīng)常是葬禮上使用的顏色。因此務(wù)必記住，白花一定不要用作祝人康復(fù)的禮物，尤其不要送給老年人或危重病人。同樣，禮金也不能裝在白色信封里，而要裝在紅色信封里。WithChina’sreformandopeningup,manyyoungpeopletendtoholdWestern-styleweddingsthesedays.Thebridewearsawhiteweddingdressatthewedding,becausewhiteisconsideredasasymbolofpurity.However,intraditionalChineseculture,whiteisoftenusedinfunerals,sobesuretorememberthatwhiteflowersmustnotbeusedasagifttothepatient,especiallynottotheseniorsorcriticallyilledpatients.Similarly,thecashgiftcannotbepackedinawhiteenvelope,butinaredenvelope.3.在中國(guó)文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的象征意義。在封建(feudal)社會(huì)中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時(shí)，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國(guó)，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時(shí)，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。

ThecolorofYellow,becauseofitsuniquesymbolicmeaning,isveryimportantinChineseculture.Infeudalsociety,itrepresentstherulers’powerandauthority.Atthattime,thecolorwasexclusivelyusedfortheemperor—theroyalpalacewaspaintedyellowandtheimperialrobewasalwaysyellow.However,theordinarypeoplewereforbiddentowearclothesofthecoloryellow.InChina,italsosignifiesharvest.Thefieldsgrowgoldenyellowinautumnwhenthecropsmature.Peoplecelebratetheharvestcheerfully.2017年6月1.黃河是亞洲第三、世界第六長(zhǎng)的河流?！包S”這個(gè)字描述的是其河水渾濁的顏色。黃河發(fā)源于青海，流經(jīng)九個(gè)省份，最后注入渤海。黃河是中國(guó)賴以生存的幾條河流之一。黃河流域(riverbasin)是中國(guó)古代文明的誕生地，也是中國(guó)早期歷史上最繁榮的地區(qū)。然而，由于極具破壞力的洪水頻發(fā)，黃河曾造成多次災(zāi)害。在過去幾十年里，政府采取了各種措施防止災(zāi)害發(fā)生。TheYellowRiverranksthethirdlongestinAsiaandthesixthlongestintheworld.Theword“yellow”describesthemuddywateroftheriver.TheYellowRiver，oneofseveralriversforChinatoliveon，originatesfromQinghai，flowsthroughnineprovinces,andfinallypoursintotheBohaiSea.TheriverbasinisnotonlythebirthplaceofancientChinesecivilization，butalsothemostprosperousregionintheearlyhistoryofChina.However,duetothefrequentdevastatingfloods,ithascausedmanydisasters.Inthepastfewdecades,thegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasurestopreventdisasters.2.珠江是華南一大河系，流經(jīng)廣州市，是中國(guó)第三長(zhǎng)的河流，僅次于長(zhǎng)江和黃河。珠江三角洲(delta)是中國(guó)最發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)之一，面積約11,000平方公里。它在面積和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集區(qū)。珠江三角洲九個(gè)最大城市共有5,700多萬人口。上世紀(jì)70年代末中國(guó)改革開放以來，珠江三角洲已成為中國(guó)和世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域和制造中心之一。ThePearlRiver,anextensiveriversysteminsouthernChina,flowsthroughGuangzhouCity.ItisChina’sthird-longestriver,onlyaftertheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.ThePearlRiverDelta(PRD)isoneofthemostdevelopedregionsinChinawithanareaofabout11,000squarekilometers.Itisthelargesturbanareaintheworldinbothsizeandpopulation.TheninelargestcitiesofPRDhaveacombinedpopulationofover57million.Sincethereformandopeningup(economicliberalization)wasadoptedbytheChinesegovernmentinthelate1970s,theDeltahasbecomeoneoftheleadingeconomicregionsandamajormanufacturingcenterofChinaandtheworld.3.長(zhǎng)江是亞洲最長(zhǎng)、世界上第三長(zhǎng)的河流。長(zhǎng)江流經(jīng)多種不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是諸多瀕危物種的棲息地，灌溉了中國(guó)五分之一的土地。長(zhǎng)江流域(riverbasin)居住著中國(guó)三分之一的人口。長(zhǎng)江在中國(guó)歷史、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)上起著很大的作用。長(zhǎng)江三角洲(delta)產(chǎn)出多大20%的中國(guó)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值。幾千年來，長(zhǎng)江一直被用于供水、運(yùn)輸和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。長(zhǎng)江上還坐落著世界最大的水電站。TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinAsiaandthethird-longestintheworld.Itflowsthroughawidearrayofecosystemsandishabitattoseveralendemicandendangeredspecies.TheYangtzeRiverdrainsone-fifthofthelandareaofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC).Itsriverbasinishometoone-thirdofthecountry’spopulation.TheYangtzeplaysalargeroleinthehistory,cultureandeconomyofChina.TheYangtzeRiverDeltageneratesasmuchas20%ofthePRC’sGDP.Forthousandsofyears,theriverhasbeenusedforwater,irrigationandindustrialproduction.Thelargesthydro-electricpowerstationintheworldislocatedintheRiver.2017年12月1.華山位于華陰市，距西安120公里。華山是秦嶺的一部分，秦嶺不僅分隔陜南與陜北，也分隔華南與華北。與從前人們常去朝拜的泰山不同，華山過去很少有人光臨，因?yàn)樯仙降牡缆窐O其危險(xiǎn)。然而，希望長(zhǎng)壽的人卻經(jīng)常上山，因?yàn)樯缴仙L(zhǎng)著許多藥草，特別是一些稀有的藥草。自上世紀(jì)90年代安裝纜車以來，參觀人數(shù)大大增加。（145字）Huashan(MountHua)issituatedinHuayinCity,120kilometersawayfromXi'an.ItispartoftheQinlingMountains,whichdividesnotonlySouthernandNorthernShaanxi,butalsoSouthandNorthChina.UnlikeTaishan,whichbecameapopularplaceofpilgrimage,Huashanwasnotwellvisitedinthepastbecauseitisdangerousfortheclimberstoreachitssummit.Huashanwasalsoanimportantplacefrequentedbyimmortalityseekers,asmanyherbsgrowthereespeciallysomerareones.Sincetheinstallationofthecablecarsinthe1990s,thenumberofvisitorshasincreasedsignificantly.2.黃山位于安徽省南部。它風(fēng)景獨(dú)特，尤以其日出和云海著稱。要欣賞大山的宏偉壯麗，通常得向上看。但要欣賞黃山美景，得向下看。黃山的濕潤(rùn)氣候有利于茶樹生成，是中國(guó)主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有許多溫泉，其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。黃山是中國(guó)主要旅游目的地之一，也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國(guó)畫最受歡迎的主題。MountHuangislocatedinthesouthofAnhuiprovince.Itslandscapeisunique,anditisespeciallyfamousforitssunriseandseaofclouds.Inordertoappreciatethemagnificenceofthisgreatmountain,onehastolookup,buttoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofMountHuang,onehastolookdown.MountHuang’shumidclimateisfitforthegrowthofteatree,anditisoneofthemajorteatreegrowingareasofChina.TherearealsomanywarmspringsinMountHuang,whosewaterishelpfulforthepreventionandtreatmentofskindiseases.MountHuangisoneofthemajortouristdestinationsinchina,andisalsothemostpopularsubjectofphotographyandtraditionalChinesepaintings.3.泰山位于山東省西部。海拔1500余米,方圓約400平方公里。泰山不僅雄偉壯觀,而且是一座歷史文化名山,過去3000多年一直是人們前往朝拜的地方。據(jù)記載,共有72位帝王曾來此游覽。許多作家到泰山獲取靈感,寫詩(shī)作文,藝術(shù)家也來此繪畫。山上因此留下了許許多多的文物古跡。泰山如今已成為中國(guó)一處主要的旅游景點(diǎn)。MountainTai,2,700mabovesealeveland400squarekilometers,whichislocatedinthewesternpartofChina.Itenjoysnotonlythemagnificentsight,butthehighreputationforitshistoricalculture.MountainTaiisaplaceofworshipforpilgrimsfor3,000thousandyears.Accordingtotherecord,itwasvisitedby72emperorsintotal.ManywritersobtaininspirationandcomposepoemsandcompositionsbyvisitingMountainTai.Besides,artistsalsodrawpaintingshere.Consequently,therearealotofculturalrelicsandhistoricsites.Nowadays,MountainTaihasbecomeoneofthemostwell-knowntouristattractionsinChina.2018年6月1.近年來，中國(guó)有越來越多的城市開始建設(shè)地鐵。發(fā)展地鐵有助于減少城市的交通擁堵和空氣污染。地鐵具有安全、快捷和舒適的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。越來越多的人選擇地鐵作為每天上班或上學(xué)的主要交通工具。如今，在中國(guó)乘坐地鐵正變得越來越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手機(jī)就可以乘坐地鐵。許多當(dāng)?shù)乩夏晔忻襁€可以免費(fèi)乘坐地鐵。Inrecentyears,agrowingnumberofChinesecitieshavestartedconstructingsubways.Developingsubwayshelpsreducetheamountoftrafficjamsandairpollution.Subwayhasadvantagesofsafety,fastspeedandcomfort.Agrowingnumberofpeoplechoosesubwayasamainmodeoftransportationontheirwaytoworkorschool.Nowadays,itisbecomingincreasinglyconvenienttoridesubwaysinChina.Insomecities,peoplecantakethesubwayaslongastheyhavecardsorcellphone.Alargenumberoflocalseniorcitizensareeligibleforfreesubwayrides.2.過去，乘飛機(jī)出行對(duì)大多數(shù)中國(guó)人來說是難以想象的。如今隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和生活水平的提高，越來越多的中國(guó)人包括許多農(nóng)民和外出務(wù)工人員都能乘飛機(jī)出行。他們可以乘飛機(jī)到達(dá)所有大城市,還有許多城市也在籌建機(jī)場(chǎng)。航空服務(wù)不斷改進(jìn)，而且經(jīng)常會(huì)有特價(jià)機(jī)票。近年來，節(jié)假日期間選擇乘飛機(jī)外出旅游的人不斷增加。Inthepast,itwasdifficultformostChinesepeopletoimagineatimewhentheycouldtravelbyplane.Atpresent,however,withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheenhancementoflivingstandards,Chinesepeopleinincreasingnumbers,includingmanypeasantsandmigrantworkers,areabletotravelbyair.Theycanreachallbigcitiesbyairplaneandmanycitiesarepreparingtobuiltairfields.Airserviceshavebeencontinuouslyimprovedandthereareoftenlowcostairlines.Inrecentyears,thenumberofpeoplewhowouldliketotravelbyplaneduringholidayshasbeengrowing.3.公交車曾是中國(guó)人出行的主要交通工具。近年來，由于私家車數(shù)量不斷増多，城市的交通問題越來越嚴(yán)重。許多城市為了鼓勵(lì)更多人乘坐公交車出行，一直在努力改善公交車的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。車輛的設(shè)施不斷更新，車速也有了顯著提高。然而，公交車的票價(jià)卻依然相當(dāng)?shù)土，F(xiàn)在，在大多數(shù)城市，許多當(dāng)?shù)乩夏晔忻穸伎梢悦赓M(fèi)乘坐公交車。BusesusedtobethemainmeansoftransportationforChinesepeople.Inrecentyears,duetothecontinuousincreaseinthenumberofprivatecars,thetrafficproblemsincitieshavebecomemoreserious.Manycitieshavebeentryingtoimprovetheservicequalityofbusesinordertoencouragemorepeopletotravelbybus.Thefacilitiesofthevehiclesareconstantlyupdatedandthespeedsignificantlyimproved,butthebusfarestillremainsquitelow.Now,inmostcities,manylocalelderlycitizenscantakebusesforfree.六級(jí)2013年12月"很多人喜歡中餐，在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技術(shù)和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)(nutrition)。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物，肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。"ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyregardedasaskillbutalsoanart.Thewell/carefully-preparedChinesefoodistastyandgood-looking.ThewayofcookingandingredientsselectionvarygreatlyacrossChina.However,goodcookinghasonethingincommon,thatis,toalwaysconcerncolors,smell,tastesandnutrition.Asfoodisvitalforman’shealth,goodcooksarealwaysmakingeffortstomaintainbalancebetweengrainsmeatsandvegetables.Thus,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandhealthy。2014年6月中國(guó)園林(theChinesegarden)是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀(landscape)。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國(guó)園林四周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山(rockwork)、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景現(xiàn)猶如山水畫卷(scroll)一般展現(xiàn)在面前。TheChinesegardenhasbecomealandscapeofuniquestyleafteranevolutionformorethan3000years.Itincludesnotonlythelargegardensbuiltasentertainmentvenuesfortheroyalfamily,butalsotheprivategardensbuiltassecludedretreatsforscholars,merchantsandretiredgovernmentofficials.Thesegardenshaveconstitutedaminiaturedesignedtoexpresstheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.AtypicalChinesegardenissurroundedbywalls,andinthegardenthereareponds,rockwork,trees,flowersandallkindsofbuildingslinkedbywindingtrailsandcorridors.Wanderinginthegardens,peoplemayfeelthataseriesofwell-designedsceneryspreadsoutbeforeuslikealandscaperoll.2014年12月1.中國(guó)將努力確保到2015年就業(yè)者接受過平均13.3年的教育。如果這一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，今后大部分進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的人都需獲得大學(xué)文憑。在未來幾年，中國(guó)將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)：除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。中國(guó)正在努力最佳地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，并為外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會(huì)。Chinawillendeavortoensureeveryemployeetohaveaverage13.3yearsofeducation.Ifthegoalisachieved,amajorityofpeopleenteringthelabormarketwillbehavingBachelor’sdegree.Inthenextfewyears,Chinawillincreasethenumberofpeopleinvocationalcollege.Exceptfocusingonthehighereducation,thegovernmentwillfindabreakthroughpointtoensurethejusticeofeducation.Chinaistryingtooptimizeeducationresourcesand,accordingly,thecountrysideaswellasthelessdevelopedareaswillreceivemoresupport.Inaddition,theeducationministrydecidestoimprovethenutritionofstudentsinlessdevelopedareasandprovidesequalopportunitiesforthechildrenofworkersfromoutoftowntoreceiveeducationinthecity.2.反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國(guó)文明的重要特征。這在很大程度上歸功于道家對(duì)自然的感情。傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)畫有兩個(gè)最受青睞的主題，一是家庭生活的各種幸福場(chǎng)景，畫中往往有老人在下棋飲茶，男人在耕耘收割，婦女在織布縫衣，小孩在戶外玩耍。另一個(gè)則是鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種樂趣，畫有漁夫在湖上打漁，農(nóng)夫在山上砍柴采藥，或是書生坐在松樹下吟詩(shī)作畫。這兩個(gè)主題可以分別代表儒家和道家的生活理想。TheidealrurallifestylereflectedintheartandliteratureisagreatcharacteristicinChinesecivilization.ItislargelyattributedtotheTaoismaffectiontonature.TherearetwomostpreferredtopicsintraditionalChinesepaintings.Onekinddepictsvarioushappyscenesoffamilylifeinwhichtheelderlyplaychessanddrinktea,youngmenfarmandharvestinthefield,womenweaveorsewclothesandkidsplayintheoutside.Theotherdepictstherecreationsofrurallife.Inthesepaintings,fishermenfishonthelake,famersheworcollectherbsonthehillsandscholarscomposepoemsorpaintingsunderpinetrees.ThesetwothemesrespectivelyrepresenttheideallifeofConfucianismandTaoism.3.自從1978年啟動(dòng)改革以來，中國(guó)已從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。平均10%的GDP增長(zhǎng)已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國(guó)的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國(guó)均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國(guó)的第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會(huì)不平衡的問題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機(jī)會(huì)，并擴(kuò)大社會(huì)保障。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在7%的經(jīng)濟(jì)年增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長(zhǎng)速度。Sincethereformin1978,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandsociety,Chineseeconomyhastransferredintomarketeconomyfromcommandeconomy.Theaverage10%growthofGDPhasliftedmorethan500millionpeopleoutofpoverty.TheMillenniumGoaloftheU.N.hasbeenfullyorpartiallyachievedthroughoutChina.Atpresent,the12thFive-yearPlaninChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandthesolutionofimbalanceofenvironmentandsociety.Thegovernmenthassetgoalstoreducepollution,enhanceenergyefficiency,improveeducationalopportunitiesandmedicalinsuranceandexpandsocialsecurity.The7%growthannualgoaldemonstratesthatthegovernmentisconcentratingonthequalityofliferatherthanthespeedofgrowth.2015年6月1.漢朝是中國(guó)歷史上最重要的朝代之一。漢朝統(tǒng)治期間有很多顯著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞開大門，對(duì)外貿(mào)易興旺。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向了中西亞乃至羅馬。各類藝術(shù)流派繁榮，涌現(xiàn)了很多文學(xué)、歷史、哲學(xué)巨著。公元100年中國(guó)第一部字典編撰完成，9000個(gè)字，提供釋義并列舉不同的寫法。其間，科技方面也取得了很大進(jìn)步，發(fā)明了紙張、水鐘、日晷(sundials)以及測(cè)量地震的儀器。漢朝歷經(jīng)400年，但統(tǒng)治者的腐朽最終導(dǎo)致了它的滅亡。HanDynastyisoneofthemostimportantdynastiesinthehistoryofChina,duringwhichperiodthereweremanyremarkableachievements.Itopenedtootherculturesforthefirsttime,andhadaprosperousforeigntrade.TheSilkRoadexploitedinHanDynastyleadedtoWestCentralAsia.Variousartsboomedandmanygreatworksofliterature,historyandphilosophysprungupinthisperiod.ThefirstChinesedictionarywascompiledin100AD,with9000wordsprovidingmeaningsandlistingdifferentwritingmethods.Atthesametime,scienceandtechnologyalsomadegreatprogress,paper,sundialsandthemachineformeasuringearthquakeallinventedinthisDynasty.HanDynastylastedfor400years,butthecorruptionoftherulerresultedinitsextinction.2.2011年是中國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程中的歷史性時(shí)刻，其城市人口首次超過農(nóng)村人口。在未來20年里，預(yù)計(jì)約有3.5億農(nóng)村人口將移居到城市。如此規(guī)模的城市發(fā)張對(duì)城市交通來說既是挑戰(zhàn)，也是機(jī)遇。中國(guó)政府一直提倡“以人為本”的發(fā)張理念。強(qiáng)調(diào)人們以公交而不是私家車出行。它還號(hào)召建設(shè)“資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)。有了這個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)，中國(guó)城市就可以更好地規(guī)劃其發(fā)張，并把大量投資轉(zhuǎn)向安全、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)型交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)張上。The2011isahistoricmomentinChineseurbanizationprocess,whentheurbanpopulationsurpassedtheruralpopulationforthefirsttime.Duringthenext20years,itisestimatedthatabout350millionruralpopulationwillmovetocities.Suchlarge-scaleofurbanizationisbothachallengeandanopportunitytotheurbantraffic.TheChinesegovernmenthasalwaysbeenadvocating“people-oriented”developingconcept,emphasizingthatpeopleshouldtravelbybusesinsteadofbyprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionof“resourcesavingandenvironmentfriendly”society.Withthisexplicitgoal,Chinacanhaveabetter-plannedurbanizationprocess,andthereforedivertmoreinvestmenttothedevelopmentofsafe,cleanandeconomicaltransportationsystem.3.中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的待客之道要求飯菜豐富多樣，讓客人吃不完。中國(guó)宴席上典型的菜單包括開席的一套涼菜及其后的熱菜，例如肉類、雞鴨、蔬菜等。大多數(shù)宴席上，全魚被認(rèn)為是必不可少的，除非已經(jīng)上過各式海鮮。如今，中國(guó)人喜歡把西方特色菜與傳統(tǒng)中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少見。沙拉也已流行起來，盡管傳統(tǒng)上中國(guó)人一般不吃任何未經(jīng)烹飪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道湯，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜點(diǎn)和水果通常標(biāo)志宴席的結(jié)束。ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresfooddiversity,sothatguestswillbefullbeforeeatingupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescolddishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,vegetables,etc.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenservedalready.Today,ChinesepeoplewouldliketocombineWesternspecialtieswithtraditionalChinesedishes.Therefore,itisnotraretoseesteakbeingservedaswell.Saladisgainingpopularity,althoughtraditionallytheChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.Thereisusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedatthebeginningorintheendofthedinnerparty.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthefeast.2015年12月1.在幫助國(guó)際社會(huì)于2030年前消除極端貧困過程中，中國(guó)正扮演著越來越重要的角色。自20世紀(jì)70年代末實(shí)施改革開放以來，中國(guó)已使多達(dá)四億人擺脫了貧困。在未來五年中，中國(guó)將向其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家在減少貧困、發(fā)展教育、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、環(huán)境保護(hù)和醫(yī)療保健等方面提供援助。中國(guó)在減少貧困方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步，并在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面做出了不懈努力，這將鼓勵(lì)其他貧困國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)自身發(fā)展中的挑戰(zhàn)。在尋具有自身特色的發(fā)展道路時(shí)，這些國(guó)家可以借鑒中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Intheprocessofhelpingglobalcommunitiestoterminateextremepovertyby2030,theroleChinaplaysenjoysanincreasinglevelofsignificance.400millionpeoplehavealreadygottenridofpove