湖北省武漢市蔡甸區(qū)漢陽-中2021屆高三英語下學期一模試題含解析

湖北省武漢市蔡甸區(qū)漢陽一中2021屆高三英語下學期一模試題（含

解析）

考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inatelephonebooth.B.Inaclothesshop.C.Inapostoffice.

2.Whydoesthewomandislikethemovie?

A.It'stoolong.B.It'saforeignmovie.C.It，stoo

violent.

3.Howdoesthemanlearnaboutanimals?

A.BysurfingtheInternet.B.Byreadingafewbooks.C.Bywatchinga

TVprogram.

4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Salesmanandbuyer.C.Customerand

waiter.

5.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantogetforhim?

A.Harddrinks.B.Mineralwater.C.Somemedicine.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatwillthewomando?

A.Takeupanewjob.B.Havethemanpromoted.C.Startherown

company.

7.Whendidthemangetapayraiselasttime?

A.Threeyearsago.B.Fiveyearsago.C.Eightyearsago.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whydidthemanhaveanoperation?

AHetookdrugsmistakenly.

B.Hehadastomachproblem.

C.Hefeltpainfulallthetime.

9.Howdidthemanfeelshortlyaftertheoperation?

A.Relieved.B.Puzzled.C.Uncomfortable.

10.Wheredoesthewomansuggestthemangowithher?

A.Toahospital.B.Toarestaurant.C.Toagrocerystore.

聽第8段材料，回答第II至13題。

11.What'stheman'sattitudetowardstheindoorwildlifecenter?

A.Favorable.B.Ambiguous.C.Uninterested.

12.Whatanimaldidthemanfailtosee?

A.Sharks.B.Butterflies.C.Treefrogs.

13.Whatisthewomaneagertodo?

A.Gohomeandhavearestimmediately.

B.Readmoreaboutthewildlifeanimals.

C.Visittheindoorwildlifecenteragain.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?

A.Toconsultaboutanassociation.

B.Toinvitehertoactasapresident.

C.Toaskforhelpwithhisschoolwork.

15.Whatyearisthewomanin?

A.Thefirstyear.B.Thesecondyear.C.Thefourthyear.

16.Howmuchisthefour-yearmembershipfee?

A.￡10.B.￡35.C.￡40.

17.Whatispeercoaching?

A.Achallengingsport.B.Anactivityaboutstudy.C.Aninternational

conference.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18Whatisthespeakervolunteeringasintheorganization?

A.Adoctor.B.Anengineer.C.Afoodexpert.

19.WhatisrequiredtobecomeavolunteerforMSF?

ATheabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Theskillsofdesigningwebsites.

C.Thegreatinterestinleadingateam.

20.Whatisthespeaker*spurpose?

A.Tointroduceademandingposition.

B.Tosharehervolunteeringexperience.

C.Tolookforvolunteersforanorganization.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

OpenHeartsLanguageAcademy（OHLA）isproudtoofferacomprehensiveUniversity

PathwayProgram,inwhichforeignstudentswillautomaticallygainacceptanceinto

severaluniversityprogramsthroughouttheUnitedStates.EachyearcountlessOHLA

studentsmoveontoUndergraduateandGraduateDegreesprogramsuponcompletionof

ourAdvanced2level.

OurdedicatedteamofexpertspreparesstudentstostudyatanAmerican

universityorcollege.Theyguidestudentsfromtheirentryintotheprogramtotheir

finalgoal:successfulprogressiontoauniversityorcollege.Mostuniversities

andcollegeshavemadeagreementswithOIILA.CompletionoftheAdvanced2levelin

OHLAsatisfiestheEnglishstandardoftheuniversities.NoTOEFLorIELTSrequired!

OHLAAdmissionRequirements:

OHLAapplicationform.

Englishtestcertificate.

Skypeinterview.

Passportcopy.

Securitydeposit（押金）of$8,500forUndergraduateor$6,000forGraduate.High

schoolstudents:HighSchoolTranscripts（成績單）&Diplonia.

Collegestudents:UniversityTranscripts.

Securitydepositmustbehandedinandwillbefullyrefundedatthebeginning

ofthefirsttermofUniversity.

OHLAUniversityPlacementAdvisorshelpyou:

Choosethebestprogramforyoubasedonyourgoalsandacademicbackground.

Applytoauniversityorcollegeprogram.

ReceiveaConditionalAcceptanceLetterfromtheUniversity（Ifapplicable）.

Ifyouwantmore,contactus:305-379-4027.

1.WhatisthemainaimofOHLA?

A.Toorganizesomesocialprograms.

B.TopushstudentstocompleteEnglishstudy.

C.TohelpstudentsenteranAmericanuniversity.

D.ToguideforeignerstobecomeAmericancitizens.

2.WhocanapplyfortheprogramofOHLA?

A.Highschoolstudentsinanygrade.

B.Americanfreshmeninforeigncountries.

C.ASkypeinterviewerwithoutapassport.

D.Collegestudentswithuniversitytranscripts.

3.WhatisrequiredfortheapplicantsforOHLA?

A.PassingTOEFLexam.

B.Englishtestcertificate.

C.Securitydepositof$6,000.

D.CompletingAdvanced2level.

【答案】1.C2.D3.B

【解析】

【分析】本題是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了0HLA為有意在美國留學的外國學生，提供全套服務(wù)，

幫助他們順利入學的廣告。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“toofferacomprehensiveUniversityPathwayProgram”（提

供綜合性“大學升學路徑”服務(wù)）以及“Theyguidestudentsfromtheirentryintothe

programtotheirfinalgoal:successfulprogressiontoauniversityorcollege.”

（自進入項目之初到最后目標實現(xiàn)，他們始終指導學生，順利升入大學或?qū)W院。）可知，此項

目旨在幫助學生進入美國大學。故選C項。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文"Collegestudents:UniversityTranscripts.（大學生:大學

成績單），即大學生如果想要申請該項目，需要有成績單才可以。故選D項。

【3題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“OHLAAdmissionRequirements,,名目下所列出的申請項目門檻標

準，可以看到Englishtestcertificate（英語測試證明）是一個必須項。故選B項。

【點睛】該大題的第三小題，很多考生會誤選C項，即Securitydepositof$6,000（6000

美元的安全押金）。之所以不選該項，是因為原文“Securitydepositof$8,500for

Undergraduateor$6,000forGraduate.”闡述的是針對本科生（undergraduate）需要

8500美元的安全押金，但對于研究生（graduate）則需6000美元的安全押金。而備選項C

只是簡單提到6000美元，沒有描述定金所適用的具體人群，該項屬于以偏概全，表意含糊，

不能精確表述該項目所需要的入項條件，所以不選擇C項。

B

Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanprovince,hasanancientcompetitionwith

Chongqing,acitytoitssouth-east.ResidentsofChongqingaccusedtheirChengdu

cousinsofbeingpompous（自大的）.ThepeopleofChongqingwerehotheads,Chengdu

residentsshotback.Bothcitiessharealoveofspice-ladenSichuancuisine,which

inrecentdecadeshasoccupiedChinesedinnertables.Buttheyareatwaroverwhich

hasthebestSichuanhotpot-atypeofDIY-cookingthatinvolvesboilingvegetables

andslicesofmeatwithchilliesandnumbingpeppercorns.

AprivatemuseuminChongqing,openedseveralyearsago,makesthecaseforthe

Chongqing-stylehotpot.Itdescribeshowitdevelopedfromamethodusedtomake

cheapoffcutsofmeattastedelicious.ButChengduisplayingcatch-up.InJanuary

thecitysoldaplotoflandonconditionthatthedeveloperbuildahotpotmuseum

onpartofit.

ThetwocitiesareamongmanyinChinawiththeirownstylesofhotpot.Hotpot

restaurantsinChinaaremoreprofitablethanotherkinds.Haidilao,awell-known

Sichuan-basedhotpotchain,raisednearly$lbnwhenitwaslistedontheHongKong

StockExchange（股票交易所）inSeptember.

NotallChinesewarmtohotpot.SomeolderSichuaneserefusetobeconnected

withit.Theycomplainthatitiscausingoveruseofchilliinotherdishesthat

coveruptheoriginalgenuineflavours.

ButChengdu'splansforamuseumsuggestthatSichuanhotpotisnotonlygrowing

inpopularity,butisalsobecomingsymbolic.IfitcansettheWestonfire,

officialsmayhopeitwillbecomeadeliciousnewsourceofChinesesoftpower.There

willbeplentyofgloryforbothChengduandChongqingtotakeprideinifthat

happens.

4.WhyareChengduandChongqingcompetingwitheachother?

A.BecauseChengdupeoplethinkChongqingpeoplearepompous.

B.BecauseChengduresidentsliketoshootbackinbattles.

C.Becausetheyboththinktheyarebetterateatingspicyfood.

D.BecausetheybothbelievetheyhavethebestSichuanhotpot.

5.WhatisthepurposeofbuildingahotpotmuseuminChengdu?

A.TocompetewithChongqing.B.ToadvertiseSichuancuisine.

C.Toshowtheirloveforhotpot.D.Tokeepthehotpottradition.

6.Whatcanweinferabouthotpotfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thetwocitieshavecompetedonlyinrecentdecades.

B.Morehotpotmuseumswillbebuiltinthefuture.

C.HotpotisalreadyasourceofChinesesoftpower.

D.Peopleholdahighexpectationforhotpotculture.

7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.GrowingPopularityofHotpotinTwoCities

B.TwoCities'WarOverTastiestSichuanHotpot

C.”NoHotpot,NoHappiness“TrueinFoodBusiness

D.PrivateMuseuminChongqingOpenedFirst

【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章首段提到，兩城就誰做的火鍋最好的爭論引出論題，隨后結(jié)

合事實：兩城先后建立博物館，相互競爭，最終歸結(jié)到一點：火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將

會給兩城人民帶來榮耀，這是政府和人民的期望。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞ChengduandChongqingcompetingwitheachother可以定

位到第一段第一句。Chengdu,…，hasanancientcompetitionwithChongqing,根據(jù)第

一段最后一句ButtheyareatwaroverwhichhasthebestSichuanhotpot—atypeof

DIY-cookingthatinvolvesboilingvegetablesandslicesofmeatwithchiliesand

numbingpeppercorns.但是雙方還在為誰的火鍋最好而爭論不休?？芍?，他們兩個城市爭

論的焦點在于“誰的火鍋最好”，選項D符合題意。故選D項。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞buildingahotpotmuseuminChengdu定位到文章的第二段

最后兩句ButChengduisplayingcatch-up.InJanuarythecitysoldaplotofland

onconditionthatthedeveloperbuildahotpotmuseumonpartofit.但是成都正

在迎頭趕上。一月份成都賣了一塊地，條件是開發(fā)商在里面建一座火鍋博物館。結(jié)合本段前

兩句AprivatemuseuminChongqing,openedseveralyearsago,makesthecasefor

theChongqing-stylehotpot.Itdescribeshowitdevelopedfromamethodusedtomake

cheapoffcutsofmeattastedelicious.幾年前重慶開了一家私人博物館，來證明重慶

火鍋的特色。博物館展示了重慶火鍋從便宜的邊角肉片嘗起來美味的發(fā)展過程。以及最后一

段第一句：ButChengdu'splansforamuseumsuggestthatSichuanhotpotisnotonly

growinginpopularity,butisalsobecomingsymbolic.但是成都的博物館計劃表明,

四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎，而且正變得具有象征意義。比較內(nèi)容可以得出，重慶開了私人

博物館，來展示了重慶火鍋從便宜的邊角肉片嘗起來美味的發(fā)展過程，證明重慶火鍋的特色;

成都賣了一塊地，讓開發(fā)商在里面建一座火鍋博物館，說明四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎，而

且正變得具有象征意義。此舉動同樣是兩城在爭斗上的一個表現(xiàn)。選項A符合題意。故選A

項。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。理解最后一段內(nèi)容：但是成都的博物館計劃表明，四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎,

而且正變得具有象征意義。如果它能點燃西方人們的吃火鍋的欲望，官員們可能希望它能

成為中國軟實力的一個誘人的新來源。如果這種情況發(fā)生，成都和重慶都會有足夠的榮耀

值得驕傲?？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論，火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將會給兩城人民帶來榮耀，這是政府

和人民的期望。選項D符合題意。故選D項。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。文章首段提到，兩城就誰做的火鍋最好的爭論引出論題，隨后結(jié)合事實：兩城

先后建立博物館，相互競爭，最終歸結(jié)到一點：火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將會給兩城人民

帶來榮耀，這是政府和人民的期望。所以，文章的標題應(yīng)該是：兩城之爭：誰做出了最好吃

的四川火鍋。選項B符合題意。故選B項。

C

Wealwayspaymuchattentiontowhatweeat,butitturnsoutthetimingofour

mealsisalsoimportant.

Studieshaveshownthatwhencaloriesgetconsumedlateratnight,thebodytends

tostorethemasfatratherthanburnthemasenergy.Andsomestudiesdonewith

animalsfoundthatfoodisprocessedbythebodyindifferentwaysdependingonwhat

timeofdayit'sconsumed.Thismightbebecauseofphysicalactivity,changesin

bodytemperature,biochemicalreactionsandabsorptionanddigestionoffood.

Ifyou'retryingtoloseweight,youmaywanttoconsidereatingdinnervery

earlyormakingalatelunchyourlastmealoftheday.

Ina2018study,researchersfoundthatmealtiminghasaneffectonhuman

metabolism.Theystudiedasmallgroupofpeoplecarryingextraweightandfound

thatthosewhoatetheirlastmealbymid-afternoonhadreduceddailyhungerswings

andincreasedfatburningatnight.

“Eatingonlyduringamuchsmallerwindowoftimethanpeoplearetypically-

usedtomayhelpwithweightloss,specificallybyincreasingourbody'sability

toburnfatandprotein,“saidCourtneyPeterson,Ph.D."Wefoundthateating

between8a.m.and2p.m.followedbyan18-hourdailyfastburnedmorefatandkept

appetitelevelsmoreeventhroughouttheday,incomparisontoeatingbetween8a.m.

and12hourslater,whichisaverageforAmericans.”

Peterson'sresearchfoundthateatinginashorterdailywindow-8hoursversus

12hours—andanearliertimebothaffectmetabolism.

Similarly,a10-weekstudyofatime-restrictedfeeding”lookedatwhat

happenedtobodyfatwhenpeoplelimitedtheirmealstoashorterwindowoftime.

Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoatebreakfast90minuteslaterthanusualandate

dinner90minutesearlierthanusuallostmorethantwiceasmuchbodyfatonaverage

asthoseinthecontrolgroup,whoatetheirmealsastheynormallywould.

Althoughthisstudyissmall,ithasprovideduswithinvaluableinsightinto

howslightchangestoourmealtimescanhavebenefitstoourbodies.

8.Whatdecidestheprocessoffoodinthebody?

A.Theamountoffoodweeat.B.Thewayweswallowthefood.

C.Thetypeoffoodweconsume.D.Thetimewhenweeatthefood.

9.WhatiscommonintheUS?

A.Havinganearlybreakfast.B.Havingdinnerbefore8p.m.

C.Eatingmorefatandproteinthanothers.D.Eatingtheirlastmealby

mid-afternoon.

10.Whatwillhappenifyoushortenthetimebetweenbreakfastandsupper?

A.Youwillgethungryeasily.B.Youwillputonmoreweight.

C.Yourmetabolismabilitywilldecrease.D.Moreofyourbodyfatwillget

burned.

11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WaystoLoseWeightB.TheImportanceofMeals

C.MealTimingandWeightLossD.TheRightTimetoLoseWeight

【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的用餐時間對人體的新陳代謝有影

響,可能影響減肥的效果。研究人員指出在比通常習慣的更短的時間內(nèi)進食可能有助于減肥,

雖然這項研究規(guī)模不大，但它為我們提供了寶貴的見解，讓我們了解到吃飯時間的細微變化

對我們的身體有多么有益。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andsomestudiesdonewithanimalsfoundthatfoodis

processedbythebodyindifferentwaysdependingonwhattimeofdayit's

consumed.（一些用動物做的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體以不同的方式處理食物，取決于一天的時間）”

可知，進食的時間決定了食物在體內(nèi)的處理方式，故選D。

【9題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Wefoundthateatingbetween8a.m.and2p.m.followed

byan18-hourdailyfastburnedmorefatandkeptappetitelevelsmoreeventhroughout

theday,incomparisontoeatingbetween8a.m.and12hourslater,whichisaverage

forAmericans.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在上午8點到下午2點之間吃東西，然后每天禁食18個小時，

與美國人的平均水平上午8點到12小時之后吃東西相比，可以燃燒更多的脂肪，而且一整

天的胃口也更穩(wěn)定，并使全天的食欲水平更加均勻，這是美國人的平均水平）”可知，上午

8點開始的12小時后是晚上8點，美國通常晚上8點前吃晚飯。故選Bo

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Similarly,a10-weekstudyofutime-restricted

feedingwlookedatwhathappenedtobodyfatwhenpeoplelimitedtheirmealsto

ashorterwindowoftime.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoatebreakfast90minutes

laterthanusualandatedinner90minutesearlierthanusuallostmorethantwice

asmuchbodyfatonaverageasthoseinthecontrolgroup,whoatetheirmealsas

theynormallywould.（類似地，一項為期10周的“限時進食”研究觀察了當人們將進食時

間限制在較短時間內(nèi)時;體脂會發(fā)生什么變化。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，早餐比平時晚90分鐘、晚

餐比平時早90分鐘的人減去的體脂肪平均是正常飲食的對照組的兩倍多）”可知，如果你縮

短早餐和晚餐之間的時間，更多的身體脂肪會被燃燒。故選D。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段"Ina2018study,researchersfoundthatmealtiminghasan

effectonhumanmetabolism.Theystudiedasmallgroupofpeoplecarryingextra

weightandfoundthatthosewhoatetheirlastmealbymid-afternoonhadreduced

dailyhungerswingsandincreasedfatburningatnight.（在2018年的-一項研究中，

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)用餐時間對人體新陳代謝有影響。他們對一小群超重的人進行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)那

些在下午三點左右吃完最后一餐的人，每天的饑餓波動減少了，夜間的脂肪燃燒增加了）”

結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的用餐時間對人體的新陳代謝有影響，可能影響減肥的效

果。研究人員指出在比通常習慣的更短的時間內(nèi)進食可能有助于減肥，雖然這項研究規(guī)模不

大，但它為我們提供了寶貴的見解，讓我們了解到吃飯時間的細微變化對我們的身體有多么

有益。可知，C選項“進餐時間和減肥息息相關(guān)”最符合文章標題。故選C。

D

Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanorganizedcampaignintendedtoproduce

distrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsarethreatenedbythefindings

ofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessof

science.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructure

oftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.

Stressingsuccessesisn'twrong,butformanypeopleit'snotpersuasive.An

alternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsuse

theso-calledscientificmethod.Butwhatiscalledthescientificmethodisn,t

whatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldones

getabandoned;andatanyparticularpoint,scientistscanbefounddoingmany

differentthings.Falsetheoriessometimesleadtotrueresults,soevenifan

experimentworks,itdoesn'tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestistrue.

Ifthereisnospecificscientificmethod,thenwhatisthebasisfortrustin

science?Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientific

claimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessof

examinationbyfellowscientists.Scientistsdrafttheinitialversionofapaper

andthensendittocolleaguesforsuggestions.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedback

istypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:therevisedpaperis

submittedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editors

deliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesof

theauthors,andthejoboftherevieweristofinderrorsorotherfaults.Wecall

thisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeers-experts

inthesamefield-buttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththeright

andtheresponsibilitytofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditor

aresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperwillbeprintedin

thejournalandentersthebodyof“science.”

Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare

“alwayschangingtheirminds."Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeing

overturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeauty

ofthisscientificprocessisthatscienceproducesbothcreativityandstability.

Newobservations,ideas,explanationsandattemptstocombinecompetingclaims

introducecreativity;transformativequestioningleadstocollectivedecisionsand

thestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsintheface

ofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.

12.Scientistsstressthesuccessofscienceinorderto.

A.promotebasicknowledgeofscience

B.remindpeopleofscientificachievements

C.removepossibledoubtsaboutscience

D.showtheirattitudetowardsthecampaign

13.Whatcanwelearnabouttheso-calledscientificmethod?

A.It'saneasyjobtoproveitsexistence.

B.Itusuallyagreeswithscientists'ideas.

C.Ithardlygetsmixedwithfalsetheories.

D.Itconstantlychangesandprogresses.

14.Whatcanwelearnabout“peer"review?

A.Itseldomgivesnegativeevaluationofapaper.

B.Itisusuallyconductedbyunfriendlyexperts.

C.Itaimstoperfectthepapertobepublished.

D.Ithappensatthebeginningoftheevaluationprocess.

15.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimpliesthat.

A.itisnotuncommonforsciencetobeoverturned

B.scientistsareverystronginchangingtheirminds

C.peoplelosefaithinthosechangeablescientists

D.changesbringcreativityandstabilitytoscience

【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇議論文。因為科學和科學方法的變動，某些組織企圖煽動人們懷疑科學。

而文章用科學的成功來進行反駁，并指出科學論文的發(fā)表是非常嚴苛的，而且正是科學的改

變?yōu)榭茖W帶來了創(chuàng)新和相對穩(wěn)定性。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanorganizedcampaign

intendedtoproducedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsare

threatenedbythefindingsofmodemscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetended

tostressthesuccessofscience.（幾十年來，一個有組織的運動旨在讓人們懷疑科學，

該組織由那些利益受到現(xiàn)代科學威脅的人資助。作為回應(yīng)，科學家強調(diào)科學的成功）可推測，

科學家強調(diào)科學的成功使為了消除人們對科學的懷疑。故選Co

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldones

getabandoned;andatanyparticularpoint,scientistscanbefounddoingmany

differentthings.（科學是動態(tài)的：新的方法被發(fā)明，舊的被遺棄，在任何一個特定的時間

都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)科學家們在做著不同的事情）可知科學的本質(zhì)是動態(tài)的，它是一直變化的，而不

是一成不變。D.Itconstantlychangesandprogresses.（它在不斷變化和進步）符合以上

說法，故選D項。

【14題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Wecallthisprocess"peerreview”becausethereviewers

arescientificpeers-expertsinthesamefield-buttheyactintheroleofa

superiorwhohasboththerightandtheresponsibilitytofindfault.Itisonly

afterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixed

thatthepaperwillbeprintedinthejournalandentersthebodyofuscience.”俄

們把這個過程稱為“同行評審”，因為這些人都是該領(lǐng)域的專家，但他們現(xiàn)在扮演的角色是

有權(quán)力和責任發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤的上級。只有在審稿人滿意以及任何問題都被解決了之后論文才會被

刊登在期刊上，進入科學雜志）可知，"peerreview"的職責是發(fā)現(xiàn)科學論文的錯誤，讓它

在出版時沒有任何問題，也就是旨在讓論文在出版前得到完善），故選C項。

【15題詳解】

句意猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中Newobservations,ideas,explanationsandattemptsto

combinecompetingclaimsintroducecreativity;transformativequestioningleadsto

collectivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.（新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，想法，

解釋和嘗試將相互競爭的觀點結(jié)合起來，帶來了創(chuàng)造力；變革性的質(zhì)疑導致集體決策和科學

知識的穩(wěn)定性）可知，劃線句子的意思是：改變促成了科學的創(chuàng)新和相對穩(wěn)定性。故選D項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Real-lifeRoomEscapegames

Real-liferoomescapeGainesareatypeofphysicaladventuregenreinwhich

peoplearelockedinaroomwithotherparticipantsandhavetousethethingsin

theroomtosettleaseriesofpuzzles,findclues,andescapetheroomwithina

settimelimit.

ThegamesarebasedonEscapetheRoomvideogamessuchasCrimsonRoomand

QP-Shot,createdbyTacitusTakagiin2005,inwhichtheplayerislockedinside

aroomandmustexplorehisorhersurroundingsinordertoescape16Other

inspirationsincludeadventureboardgamesandmovies.Real-liferoomescapegames

arebecomingpopularintheUnitedStates,Japan,andChina17Forexample,

somegamesrequireyoutoescapeprisoncellswhileothersrequireyoutoescape

spacestations.

18Soon,theywereexportedtoNorthAmerica,AsiaandAustralia.Examples

includethetwopioneercompaniesHintHuntandAdventureRooms.

ThegamesweresosuccessfulthatnewlocationsbeganopeningupacrossChina,

incitiesbigandsmall,accordingtoanewspaper.InthesoutherncityofShenzhen,

forexample,thefirstescapegamelocationopenedlastAugust.19"Thesereal

-lifeescapegamescanhelpthosewhostayathomeonthemcomputersandiPadsall

daytoexperiencerealsocialcircles,〃saidTianXiaochuan,whoownstworoomescape

gamestoresinJinan.Frailerthisyear.TheSouthChinaMorningPostsaidthereal

-lifeescapegamesareahitamong,“highlystressedstudentsandoverworkedyoung

professionals”.20Someplayersgetsoinvolvedthattheyteardownequipment

ordecorationsinsidetheir"prisons”,asZhuYumengchiefoperatingofficerofa

BeijingroomescapegamestoretoldChinaDaily.

A.Playersmustbeobservantandusetheircriticalthinkingskillstoescapethe

room.

B.Theyshouldalsobebraveenoughtofacetheirfears.

C.PermanentreallifeescapegamesinafixedlocationwerefirstopenedinEurope.

D.Sometimestheexcitementbecomesabitmuch,though.

E.Escapegameshavebeenheldinsomestores.

F.Andsevennewgamelocationsquicklyfollowed.

G.Eachgameaddslocalthemestosettings.

【答案】16.A17.G18.C19.F20.D

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了現(xiàn)實中的逃生游戲，這些游戲是可以使沉溺于電

腦游戲的人真正地融入社會。這款游戲最初是在歐洲開發(fā)的，然后在美洲，亞洲，和大洋洲

迅速流行起來。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文ThegamesarebasedonEscapetheRoomvideogames,suchasCrimsonRoom

andQP-Shot,createdbyTacitusTakagiin2005,inwhichtheplayerislockedinside

aroomandmustexplorehisorhersurroundingsinordertoescape（游戲是基于逃

離房間的視頻游戲，如深紅色房間和QP-鏡頭，由TacitusTakagi在2005年創(chuàng)造，其中

玩家被鎖在一個房間里，必須探索他或她的環(huán)境，以逃脫。）可知，玩家被鎖在房間里，需

要根據(jù)周圍環(huán)境找到逃脫方法。A項：Playersmustbeobservant