新編英語教程6 Unit 2 西工大

UnitTwoTextITheFineArtofPuttingThingsOff

推遲的藝術(shù)II.DictionaryWork1.coolone’sheels(l.3):beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto(l.4):(v.)testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof證實(shí),證明3.apocalyptic(l.13):(adj.)forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom預(yù)示災(zāi)難或最后毀滅的4.proconsul(l.24):(n.)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers地方總督5.ruminate(l.24):(v.)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反芻,沉思6.nattering(l.25):(adj.)chattering;hence,noisy;natter:v.chatter;totalkforalongtime,especiallyaboutunimportantthings嘮叨；閑聊

7.echelon(l.33):(n.)rank,level等級(jí)，階層8.fortify(l.35):(v.)encourage;support鼓勵(lì)；支持9.reappraisal(l.41):(n.)re-evaluation10.academe(l.47):(n.)theacademiccommunity;academics學(xué)術(shù)界；學(xué)術(shù)11.shrink(l.53):(slang)(n.)psychoanalystorpsychiatrist心理分析學(xué)者或神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生12.subliminal(l.59):(adj.)existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness潛意識(shí)的13.Truism(l.62):(n.)anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth不言而喻的道理；自明之理14.mellowandmarinate(l.67):(v.)tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andthemarinateistosteep(浸,泡)(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavor;here,ripenandmature成熟及完善III.LibraryWork1.Chesterfield

PhilipDormerStanhope,4thEarl(伯爵)ofChesterfield,(1694-1773),Englishstatesman,oratorandauthor.Hisliteraryreputationrestsuponhisletterstohisillegitimateson(私生子),PhilipStanhope,whowasborninHollandin1732.Theletters,filledwithwitandworldlywisdom,werepublishedunderthetitleLetterstoHisSonandLetterstoHisGodson(1774).Chesterfield'sfameasamanoflettersrestsuponaseriesofletters,publishedafterhisdeath,thatgiveafaithfulaccountofthemannersandcustomsofaristocraticsocietyin18th-centuryEngland,writteninagracefulandwittystyle.

Myobjectistohaveyoufittolife;which,ifyouarenot,Idonotdesirethatyoushouldliveatall.’SowroteLordChesterfieldinoneofthemostcelebratedandcontroversialcorrespondencesbetweenafatherandhisson.Chesterfieldwrotealmostdailytohisnaturalson,Philip,from1737onwards,providinghimwithinstructioninetiquetteandtheworldlyarts.Praisedintheirdayasacompletemanualofeducation,anddespisedbySamuelJohnsonforteaching‘themoralsofawhoreandthemannersofadancingmaster’,theselettersreflectthepoliticalcraftofaleadingstatesman,andtheurbanewitofamanwhoassociatedwithPope,Addison,andSwift.ThelettersrevealChesterfield’spoliticalcynicismandhisbeliefthathiscountryhad‘a(chǎn)lwaysbeengovernedbytheonlytwoorthreepeople,outoftwoorthreemillions,totallyincapableofgoverning’,aswellashisviewsongoodbreeding.Notoriginallyintendedforpublication,thisentertainingcorrespondenceilluminatesfascinatingaspectsofeighteenth-centurylifeandmanners.

2.SamuelJohnson(1709-1784),Englishwriterandlexicographer,amajorfigurein18th-centuryliteratureasanarbiteroftaste,renownedfortheforceandbalanceofhisprosestyle.

NicknamedbothDictionaryJohnsonandtheGreatChamofLiterature(ChamisanarchaicwordmeaningKhan可汗),JohnsoncompiledandwrotetheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,publishedin1755.HewasusuallyreferredtoasDr.Johnsonbyhiscontemporariesandlatergenerations.

Hewasequallycelebratedforhisbrilliantandwittyconversation.Hisrathergrossappearanceandmannerswereviewedtolerantly,ifnotwithacertainadmiration.Thesonofabookseller,Johnsonexcelledatschoolinspiteofillnessandpoverty.HeenteredOxfordin1728butwasforcedtoleaveafterayearforlackoffunds.Hesustainedhimselfasabooksellerandschoolmasterforthenextsixyears,duringwhichhecontinuedhiswidereadingandpublishedsometranslations.JohnsonsettledinLondonin1737andbeganhisliterarycareerinearnest.

Hispoem“London,”publishedanonymouslyin1738,waspraisedbyPopeandwonJohnsonrecognitioninliterarycircles.Johnson’sfirstworkoflastingimportance,andtheonethatpermanentlyestablishedhisreputationinhisowntime,washisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),thefirstcomprehensivelexicographicalworkonEnglisheverundertaken.Dr.Johnson,asheisuniversallyknown,wasEngland’sfirstfull-dressmanofletters（學(xué)者）,andhismindandpersonalityhelpedtocreatethetraditionsthathaveguidedEnglishtasteandcriticism.

QuintusFabius

Maximus

QuintusFabius

Maximus

(275?-203BC),Romanstatesmanandgeneral.DuringtheSecondPunicWar,hebecamedictatorofRome,hethenputintooperationthetacticsthatwonhimthesurnameCunctator(“Delayer”),bywhichheisbestknown.Heconstantlyharassedtheflanks側(cè)翼ofthearmyoftheCarthaginian迦太基的generalHannibal,and,byavoidingadecisiveencounterwiththeCarthaginianinvaders,gaveRometimetobuilditsstrength.PunicWars:thethreewarsbetweenRomeandCarthage迦太基inthe3rdand2ndcenturiesBC.Fabianism,awordderivedfromFabius,hascometomeanagradualorcautiouspolicy.19世紀(jì)后期，流行于英國的一種主張采取漸進(jìn)措施對(duì)資本主義實(shí)行點(diǎn)滴改良的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)主義思潮。它是英國費(fèi)邊社（FabianSociety）的思想體系和機(jī)會(huì)主義路線。1884年一部分知識(shí)分子創(chuàng)立了費(fèi)邊社，該社成員認(rèn)為社會(huì)改革應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn)，故以公元前3世紀(jì)古羅馬一位因主張等待時(shí)機(jī)、避免決戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略而著名的將軍費(fèi)邊的名字命名社名。其學(xué)說故稱為“費(fèi)邊社會(huì)主義（FabianSocialism）”簡(jiǎn)稱“費(fèi)邊主義（Fabianism）”。Moses:

HebrewprophetandlawgiverandfounderofIsrael,ortheJewishpeople.ThestoryofhislifeissetforthprincipallyintheOldTestamentbooksofExodus出埃及記

andDeuteronomy申命記.Accordingtothisaccount,MoseshadtheexperienceofseeingGod,whocommandedhimtoleadtheHebrewsoutofEgypttothelandCannan.MoseswastogivethismessagetoPharaoh,rulerofancientEgypt.Questionsfordiscussion?

What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsprocrastination??

Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’stoneofwriting?Andthestyleoflanguage?What’stheeffect??

What’syouropinionaboutthenumerousexamplesorallusions（典故；引用：間接提及的例子）inthetext??

Whatdoyouthinkaccountsforpeople’sprocrastination?

StructureSectionI(paragraph1)Thetheme:Procrastinationisnotalwaysanon-recommendablepractice.SectionII(paragraph2-8)Groundsofargument:Delayersanddo-it-nowers(paragraph2)Delaycaninspireandreviveacreativesoulinmanyfields(paragraph3-8)3)intheprocessofmakingfictions4)inthefieldofmilitary,diplomacyandlaw5)inthehigherrankofbusiness6)indecisionmaking7)inuniversities8)amongmanypeople,especiallywomenSectionIII(paragraph9)

Conclusion:Whatyoudon’tnecessarilyhavetodotoday,byallmeansputofftilltomorrow.

Paragraph11.

exhort=entreat;≈advise：(fml.)tourgeoradvisestronglye.g.Ifyouexhortsomeonetodosomething,youtryhardtopersuadethemtodoit.Thegeneralexhortedhismentofightwell.Weareexhortednottowasteourtimeonthechatroomonline.Iexhortmyfriendnottodrinktoomuch.

2.

Thetitleofnobility:Duke 公爵, duchess 公爵夫人Marquis 侯爵, marchioness 侯爵夫人Earl 伯爵, countess 伯爵夫人viscount 子爵 viscountess

子爵夫人Baron 男爵, baroness 男爵夫人3.

getaroundtosth./doingsth.Ifyougetaroundtosomething,youeventuallydosomethingthatyouwouldhavelikedtoavoiddoingorthatyouwereunabletodobeforebecauseyouweretoobusy.抽出時(shí)間(做某事)e.g.Ionly

gotaroundtodoingthisafewdaysago.Hefinallygotaroundtosortingoutthosebooksandmagazinesyesterday.5.

coolone’sheels:≈waitIfyouarekickingyourheelsorcoolingyourheels,someoneisdeliberatelykeepingyouwaiting,sothatyougetboredorimpatient(aninformalexpression).e.g.Thetwoyoungermenwerecoolingtheirheelsintheouteroffice.“Lethimcoolhisheelsinthemeetingroomforawhile,”saidthedean.

6.attestto-testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof證實(shí),證明e.g.Thehandwritingexpertattestedtothegenuinenessofthesignature.

筆跡專家證實(shí)此簽名無誤。7.

MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh.plead:toappealearnestly;toofferasdefenseorexcuse懇求;為...辯護(hù),借口e.g.pleadformoretime懇求更多的時(shí)間pleadillness以生病作為理由defect:n.deficiencye.g.birthdefect

出生缺陷avisualdefect

視覺缺陷speechdefect語言缺陷v.aChinesecitizenwhodefectedtoJapan一個(gè)叛逃到日本的中國公民defectedfromthepartyovertheissueoffreetrade在自由貿(mào)易的問題上背叛了自己的政黨

rationalize:tomakerational;attempttoexplainorjustifyone’sactionwithplausiblereasons,eveniftheyarenottrueorappropriate理性化;闡釋：從理性角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行解釋;自圓其說e.g.Don’trationalizeyourincompetencebyfindingfaultwiththemethod.

Ifyourationalizeyourfears,youcanunderstandthembetter.如果你分析自己恐懼的成因，你就會(huì)更清楚地了解這些恐懼。Weshoulddeepenreformofthesystemforincomedistributionandprogressivelyrationalizeit.深化收入分配制度改革，逐步理順分配關(guān)系。第一段譯文“今天能做的事情決不要推到明天，”切斯特費(fèi)爾德伯爵在1794年勸告兒子時(shí)說道，但是這位文雅的伯爵卻從沒有抽出時(shí)間來完成與孩子母親的婚禮，也沒有戒除讓約翰遜博士此類名人在接待室久侯的壞習(xí)慣，這足以證明，即使是有心人，也絕非毫無拖延。羅馬的一位大將軍昆塔寺·費(fèi)邊·馬克西姆斯為了贏得盡可能多的喘息機(jī)會(huì)，推遲戰(zhàn)斗時(shí)間，被冠以“拖延者”。摩西為了使自己向法老傳遞耶和華法令過程中的猶豫合理化，借口語言有缺陷。當(dāng)然，哈姆雷特把延遲上升為一種藝術(shù)形式。Paragraph28.filefor:toformallyapplyfor申請(qǐng)e.g.fileforbankruptcy申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)

9.

apocalyptic(A)(≈catastrophic)relatingtothetotaldestructionofsomething,especiallyoftheworld.;(B)(≈prophetic)relatingtoorinvolvingprophecyaboutfuturedisastersandthedestructionoftheworld.e.g.Peopleoftheworldarefirmlyagainsttheapocalypticnuclearwar.Thereissomethingapocalypticaboutthetoneinhiswritings.10.“Faustianencounters”refertoFaust’sencounterswiththedevilMephistopheles.Naturallytheyareundesirable.Similarly,mostpeopleareunwillingtovisitbarbers,doctors,anddentists,sotheauthorsayslike“Faustianencounters”.第二段譯文世界上的人基本可以分成均勻的兩半：拖延者和馬上行動(dòng)者。有些人二月份就準(zhǔn)備好了個(gè)人所得稅，預(yù)先償還抵押借款，在常人難以忍受的6點(diǎn)半鐘準(zhǔn)時(shí)吃飯。而另外一些人則樂于在9點(diǎn)或10點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)間吃些剩菜剩飯，錯(cuò)放帳單和文件以期延長交稅的期限。他們非要等到警告聲變成恐嚇聲才肯去支付信用卡的賬單。就象浮士德所遭遇的那樣，他們推遲去理發(fā)店，看牙醫(yī)或醫(yī)生。Paragraph311.allthetroubleprocrastinationmayincurallthetroublethataperson’sdelayinactionmaybringuponhimincur–becomesubjectto(sth.unpleasant)asaresultofone’sownactione.g.Thehunterincurredgreatdangerinkillingthetiger.Ifheincurspubliccensure,nonewilldefend.如果他遭受公眾的責(zé)難，誰都不會(huì)為他辯護(hù)的。Anycoststhatyouincurwillbereimbursedinfull.你的所有花費(fèi)都將全額付還。Paraphrase:Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanoftenreviveacreativesoul.Delayleadstoproblems.However,inmanycases,itcanoftenstimulatecreativity.第三段譯文盡管延誤會(huì)帶來諸多不便，但延遲經(jīng)?？梢约ぐl(fā)和喚醒具有創(chuàng)新意識(shí)的靈魂。寫下許多成功小說和劇本的作家瓊克爾說到，她要把廚房每個(gè)湯罐頭和醬瓶子上的標(biāo)簽看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字機(jī)旁。許多作家都關(guān)注著他們?nèi)蝿?wù)之外的大小瑣事，譬如關(guān)注在緬因州法國人海灣和巴爾海港進(jìn)行的海岸和土地測(cè)量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、布倫特池塘、海鷗小山、伯恩特豪豬、朗豪豬、希波豪豬以及鮑爾德豪豬島，都激起了他們的想象。

Paragraph412.Theartofpostponementhadbeenamonopolyofthemilitary…,diplomacyandthelaw.–Thepracticeofputtingthingsoffhadalmostbeenexclusivelydonebythemilitary,etc.(Theimpliedmeaningisthatthemilitary,diplomacy,andthelawarealmosttheworstdelayers.)13.ruminate–(fml)thinkdeeplyandcarefullye.g.Thecowbegantoruminateaftereatingupgrass.牛吃完草后開始反芻。Itisworthwhiletoruminateoverhisremarks.他的話值得玩味。

Aspeoplegrowolder,theybegintoruminateontheuncertaintyoflife.

隨著年齡的增長，人們開始對(duì)生活的變化無常冥思苦想。13.orderinsth–ordersthe.g.Westayedinlastnight,watchedavideoandorderedinapizza.14.Blessedly,hehadnonatteringTelextoorderinmachinegunsandfreshtroops.--Fortunately,thenoisyTelexwouldhavefacilitatedthesupplyofweaponsanddispatchoftroops,deprivingtheproconsuloftheexcusetodelayaction.15.theworld’smostaddictedpostponerstheworld’sworstpostponerswhojustcouldnotfreethemselvesfrompostponing第四段譯文從“拖延者”年代到當(dāng)今世紀(jì)，推遲的藝術(shù)實(shí)際上被軍事（“趕快、待命”）、外交和法律壟斷了。在過去的年代里，英國殖民地總督可以手中拿著杯酒，安逸地思考民族叛亂的形勢(shì)，他應(yīng)該慶幸沒有電傳收發(fā)機(jī)在一旁喋喋不休地傳遞命令，一會(huì)兒是增加機(jī)關(guān)槍啊，一會(huì)兒又是增派軍隊(duì)啊什么的。直到二戰(zhàn)時(shí)，美國將軍還可以和敵方將軍達(dá)成協(xié)議，休一天運(yùn)動(dòng)假，去掠奪村民的雞和酒，次日再戰(zhàn)。律師是世界上最積習(xí)難改的延誤者。據(jù)一個(gè)貝佛利山的號(hào)稱從不拖延的保險(xiǎn)推銷員佛蘭克·內(nèi)森說，“沒有留下遺囑就去世的律師數(shù)不勝數(shù)?！盤aragraph516.thecautionthatbreedsdelay–thegreatcarethatcausesdelayLiterally,breedsreferstoeitheranimalsproducingtheiroffspring;e.g.Ratsbreedsrapidly.Orpeoplewhokeepanimalsorplantsforthepurposeofproducinganddevelopingyounganimalsornewplants,e.g.Suebreedshoneybees.Myfriendbreeds

waterlilies.Oftenbreedisusedtomean“tocause(ausuallyunpleasantconditionorfeeling)todevelop”,e.g.Somepeoplebelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.Mosquitoesbreedsmalaria.第五段譯文無志者，事也成。當(dāng)然，習(xí)慣性拖延和刻意拖延是有差別的，特別是在商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)高層中。美國銀行集團(tuán)副總裁理查德·曼德巴赫說，企業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài)學(xué)鼓勵(lì)謹(jǐn)慎行事，由此滋生了延遲。他提到，快速行動(dòng)往往會(huì)進(jìn)入尷尬的局面和付出沉重的代價(jià)。信息爆炸鼓勵(lì)了那些為自己的懶惰找借口的人——還有一篇報(bào)告要讀，還有一個(gè)權(quán)威人士要咨詢。曼德巴赫說：“數(shù)據(jù)的充足和泛濫之間總有條微妙的分界線?！盤aragraph617.flourish–developrapidlye.g.Postmodernismmadeitsfirstappearanceinthelatetwentiethcenturyandcontinuestoflourishnow.Whenspeakingofaperson,ananimal,etc.,itmeans“growordevelopinahealthyorvigorousway”.e.g.Thetreesplantedonschoolcampusareflourishing.We’rehappytoseethesedisabledchildrenflourishintheirfoster-home.18.bureaucratization–thepracticeofgoverningaplacebyexceedinglycomplicatedadministrativeprocedure;thestateofbeingsubjecttobureaucracy.Aninformalwordforbureaucratizationisredtape.18.Smotherpolicymakersinblanketsoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal–preventpolicymakersfromactingpromptly/frommakingpromptdecisionsbyexcessiveadherencetolaw,bymakingconcessions,andbymakingrepeatedassessments.Here,aneffectivemetaphorisusedtodescribetheharmdonebybureaucratization.Legalism,compromiseandreappraisalaresaidtobeblanketswhichsuffocatethepolicymakerssothattheycannotactpromptlyandproperly.19.smother–suffocate;tocoversbwithsthsothattheycannotbreathee.g.Don’tputthatclothoverthebaby.You’llsmotherhim!Ijustmanagedtosmotherayawn.我剛設(shè)法忍住了一個(gè)呵欠。ParaphraseBureaucratization,whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatercomplexityofsociety,wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketsoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal–andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade.(ll.39-42)Excessivered-tapedevelopedbecausepublicadministrationwasexpandinginscopeandbecausesocietywasgrowingmoreandmorecomplicated.Inthissense,red-tapehelpedthoseinchargeofpolicytobefullyengagedinanenormousamountofpaperworkandjudgment,thusmakingitimpossibleforanimmediatedecisiontoresult.20.Manylanguagesarestuddedwithphrases…–Manylanguagesareprovidedwithphrases…Astudisliterallyasmallpieceofmetalwhichisattachedtoasurfaceasadecoration.飾釘Tobestuddedwith–tobecoveredwithsth.likestudse.g.Theskystuddedwithstars星光燦爛Sowhenlanguagesarestuddedwithphrases…,youfindphrases…inlanguagesjustlikestuds.第六段譯文他的觀點(diǎn)廣為接受。隨著政府負(fù)擔(dān)日益加重和社會(huì)形勢(shì)日趨復(fù)雜，官僚化盛行開來，其目的就是使政策制定者墨守成規(guī)、尋求妥協(xié)和重新評(píng)估過程中窒息——以此防止做出草率決定。水門事件時(shí)期的政府所表現(xiàn)出來的中央集權(quán)化已經(jīng)蔓延至經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)等等廣闊的領(lǐng)域，使得拖延成為世界范圍的一種生活方式。有關(guān)推遲的短語星羅棋布在各種語言中——從西班牙的ma?ana（在將來某個(gè)不確定時(shí)間）到阿拉伯的bukerafil

mishmish（字面意思是“明天的杏樹”，其含義是“等到花兒也開了”。）Paragraph721.academe–theworldoflearning;universitiescollectively學(xué)術(shù)界academy–aplaceofstudyinaspecialfield學(xué)院e.g.theAcademyofSciencesofChina中科院22.takehighhonors–doverywell,earngreatdistinctionHonorsreferstothe“specialrankordistinctionconferredbyauniversity,college,orschooluponanoutstandingstudent.”Here,theauthorissayingplayfullythatacademicpeoplearenoworsepostponersthanothers.23.churnout–produceIfyouchurnsthout,youproducetheminlargenumbers,veryquickly,especiallythingsoflowquality.e.g.Thefactorychurnsoutthousandsofpairsofshoeseveryweek.Shechurnsoutanewbestsellingnoveleveryyear.“churnout”isusedbytheauthorironicallyandjokinglyhere.Threetofivepagesofwritingcannotbeconsideredtobealargequantity.24.…manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage.–…manyofmyfriendshaveahardtimethemomenttheyattempttoputpentopaper.第七段譯文學(xué)術(shù)界也很尊崇拖延。南加利福尼亞大學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)家伯納德.斯克拉每天辛辛苦苦才寫出三至五頁的東西來，他坦稱：“我很多朋友對(duì)著白紙時(shí)都感到很痛苦，我們有很多合理的理由：教學(xué)壓力，家庭責(zé)任，查看新書，搜索注腳。”

Paragraph825.assiduous–showinggreatcareandperseverance;hard-working勤奮的，刻苦的，堅(jiān)持不懈的e.g.Johnisassiduousindoingresearchwork.Heisknownasanassiduousscholar,alwaysexploringnewfieldsofstudy.26.confront–faceuptoanddealwithaproblemoradifficultsituatione.g.Heconfrontedthedifficulttaskwithcourageandoptimism.Theyconfrontedtheprisonerwithhisaccusers.他們讓犯人與原告對(duì)質(zhì)。27.themomentoftruth–atimewhenapersonistested,adecisionhastobemade,oracrisishastobefaced28.evade–findawayofnotdoingsth.thatmustbedonee.g.Hetriedtoevadethequestionsabouthispast.Theproblemisperhapsdifficulttosolve,butitshouldnotbeevaded.29.dragone’sfeet/heels–toactslowlyandreluctantly裹足不前，行動(dòng)遲緩e.g.ThechildrenwantedtowatchTV,anddraggedtheirfeetwhentheirmothertoldthemtogotobed.Themayorhadpromisedtoraiseemployee’spay,butwasnowdragginghisheels.第八段譯文心理學(xué)家堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為女人是最堅(jiān)持不懈的遲延者，雖然很多心理學(xué)家（每小時(shí)收50美金或更多）本人就很拖拉。拉爾夫·格林森博士是加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的臨床精神病療法的教授（他曾是瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露的精神病醫(yī)生），他看待延遲時(shí)比較溫和。他說：“很多人都在回避，逃避，拖延揭露真相的那一刻，直到最遲的極限為止?！钡亲糁蝸喼菪睦韺W(xué)家喬恩.費(fèi)根認(rèn)為，遲延是潛意識(shí)用來區(qū)分事情重要性級(jí)別的一種方式。“當(dāng)我拖延時(shí)，一般總是存在著某種緣由，”費(fèi)根說，“我能感覺到它，但是我也說不出個(gè)所以然?！?/p>

Paragraph930.deliberation–1)longandcarefulconsiderationordiscussion;2)slowandunhurriedmovemente.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,Idecidednottogo.Speakwithdeliberation字斟句酌地講話32.forthatmatter–thisphraseisusedtoemphasizeorindicatethatastatementmadebyapersoninonecaseisalsotrueinanothercase就那件事而論，關(guān)于那一點(diǎn)e.g.Yourmotherwouldneverallowit,andforthatmatter,neitherwouldI.你母親決不會(huì)允許，就這一點(diǎn)來說，我也不會(huì)允許。Hedoesn'ttrusthispartner.ForthatmatterIcan'tblamehim.他不信任自己的合伙人,就那一點(diǎn)來說,我不能責(zé)怪他。31.Time“isnotmeanttobedevouredinanhouroraday,buttobeconsumeddelicatelyandgraduallyandwithouthaste.”Timeisnottobespentinagreathurry,butratherbewhiledawayinaslowandcarefulway.devour–toeatgreedilyandquicklye.g.Thewolfdevouredarabbit.Hedevouredawholelegoflamb.consume–toeat(withnotmuchimplication)e.g.Weusedtoconsumelargequantitiesofriceeachday;butwiththestandardoflivingraised,wenowconsumeonlyamoderateamountofrice.32.pace–(fromLatin,formal)usedbeforeaperson’snametoexpresspolitedisagreementwithwhattheyhavesaid（用于人名前，婉轉(zhuǎn)提出不同意見）請(qǐng)……原諒e.g.Pacethefeminists,Ibelievemyownsexislargelyresponsibleforthisimpertinentcuriosity.請(qǐng)女權(quán)主義者原諒，我相信我們女性對(duì)這冒昧的好奇應(yīng)付大部分責(zé)任。第九段譯文事實(shí)上，延遲有著悠久而光榮的歷史，它意味著如果推遲些時(shí)間，許多想法和決定就有可能得到改善。推遲作決定本身就是一個(gè)決定，這不無道理。議會(huì)過程的實(shí)質(zhì)就是一個(gè)延遲和慎重的體系，就此而論，名畫，樂章，書籍或者布蘭希姆府邸的建筑也是如此。布蘭希姆府邸耗用了馬爾伯勒公爵的建筑師及工人們15年的時(shí)間才建成。在這個(gè)過程中，設(shè)計(jì)不斷成熟及完善。確實(shí)，倉促會(huì)葬送了雅致?！妒畡Α返淖髡逿.H.懷特曾寫道，時(shí)間“并不是注定要一小時(shí)一小時(shí)，或者一天一天地耗費(fèi)掉，而是應(yīng)該細(xì)膩地、從容地品嘗一番?！睋Q句話說，我們應(yīng)該這樣說，今天不必要做的事，無論如何要推到明天來完成。

TextIIGossip

FrancineProseIOrganizationoftheText1.Identificationofgossipwithitscommunity(gossip’scontributiontolinkingthecommunity)(Para.1-22.Anaccountofgossip(Para.3-9)A.Antiquityofgossipanddenialofitsdue(3)B.Afalsedistinctionbetweengossipingandexchanginginformation(4-5)C.Gossipasasynonymforcommunity(6-7)D.Gossipasananalyticalcomponent(8)E.Gossip’sseeminglynegativeaspect:nosiness(9)3.Conclusion(thestrengthofgossipastheheritage,thelegacyofacommunity)(Para.10)Paragraph11.Siamese(l.2)–ofSiam(nowcalledThailand)暹羅的；暹羅人的，暹羅語的；2.Getthegoodgossiponanylittlemountaintown,scratchthesurfaceandyou’llfindasnakepit.(l.5)Ifyouhearanyrealgossipaboutalittlemountaintown,youcananticipatesomethingsensationalifyoulookintothematterclosely.Scratchthesurface(l.5)–lookcloselyinto(theissue)Asnakepit(l.6)–literally,itisapitwherepoisonoussnakesarefound.Figurativelyitmeans“achaotic,shocking,wildplaceorsituation.”Inthiscontext,itmaybeexplainedas“asensation”,“acauseofexcitement”,or“athrillingevent”.Paragraph23.Causeafewripples(l.8)–causesomeexcitement4.Glee(l.9)–feelingofgreatdelightwhichmakesonewanttolaugh,causedbysthgoodexperiencedbyoneself,orsthbadthathappenstosbelse欣喜；幸災(zāi)樂禍5.Legacy(l.10)–moneyorpropertylefttosbinawill;tradition6.Thejuicierthebetter(l.11)–themoresensationalthebetter7.Heritage(l.11)–(datedorformal)propertythathasbeenormaybeinheritedbyanheir遺產(chǎn)；繼承物Herheritage,herbirthright–whatshewasusedtoandfondof8.…withitssociallifefreakishenoughtomakeChangandEng’sseemmundane,…(l.11)…sociallifeinthetownwassounusualthatitmadethemarriedlifeoftheSiamesetwinsseemcommonandordinarybycomparison,…9.Freakish(l.12)–unusualorabnormal;strange不尋常的，不正常的，反常的，奇怪的，奇異的Freak–(informalandderogatory)personconsideredabnormalbecauseofhisbehavior,appearance,ideas,etc.不正常的人Mundane(l.12)–(oftenderogatory)ordinaryandtypicallyunexciting平凡的，平淡的Paragraph310.Bison(l.15)–Americanbuffalo;Europeanwildox北美野牛；歐洲野牛11.Speculateon(l.15)–guess思考；推斷；推測(cè)Wecanonlyspeculateonwhethertherewillbeenoughoilfortheworld’sneedsbytheendofthiscentury.12.Antiquity(l.16)–古老，年代久遠(yuǎn)；古代的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣；古人們13.…gossiphasrarelyreceiveditsdue…(l.16)–…peopleseldomadmitthatthereissomethinggoodaboutgossip…Due–sththatrightfullybelongstoab

應(yīng)有的權(quán)益；應(yīng)得的事物；應(yīng)有的承認(rèn)Don’taskmorethanone’sdue.別提非分之想。Theartisthasfinallybeenaccordedsomethingofhisdue.那位藝術(shù)家最終多少得到了應(yīng)得的榮譽(yù)。14.Connote(l.17)–隱含；暗示；意味著

ButChinesenamesinvariablyconnotealonglistofideasandexpectations,someevencarrytheparents’memoryof,andmetaphorfor,life.Anamenotonlyconveysabasicattitudeandcharacter,butcanalsobeavaluestatementforonetosucceedinlifeandmakeanameforhimself.Inshort,itcanturnouttobeatremendousburden.偏偏華文名老愛附帶一長串的期待和意義，甚至承載了父母看待生命的某種隱喻和記憶，名字不但是一種人格的基本態(tài)度，還可能引伸成為安身立命的價(jià)值，變成一個(gè)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。

denote–指示；指出e.g.Inalgebra,thesignXusuallydenotesanunknownquantity.在代數(shù)里,符號(hào)X常用來表示未知數(shù)。Weoftendenotedangerbyredletters.我們常常用紅字表示危險(xiǎn)。15.Frivolity(l.17)–(derogatory)theconditionofbeingfrivolous(notserious;silly;useless);frivolousactivityorcomment輕薄，輕?。惠p浮的舉止；無聊事或行為；輕薄話；興高采烈e.g.Ihavenotimeforsuchfrivolitiesasparties.我沒時(shí)間去赴宴或參加諸如此類的無聊活動(dòng)。16.Gossipistheunacknowledgedpoorrelativeofcivilizedconversation(l.17)：Gossipisasnaturalasotherformsofconversation,butlessrespectable.17.Admitto(l.19)–agreetothetruthofit

e.g.Ihavetoadmittoadislikeformodernmusic我得承認(rèn),我不喜歡現(xiàn)代音樂。

Imustadmittofeelingashamed.我得承認(rèn)我感到慚愧。18.Ownup(to)(l.20)–admitafaultorcrime,ordoingsthwrong坦白地承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)e.g.Ifnoonewillownuptomisbehaving,allpupilswillbekeptinafterschool.Youhadbetterownuptoyourfaults.你最好是承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤。Theculpritfailedtoownup.肇事者沒有坦白。Paragraph419.Scurrilous(l.24)–abusiveandinsulting,especiallyinacrudeorobsceneway;vulgar用污言穢語漫罵的，惡意誹謗的e.g.Acampaignfilledwithscurrilouschargesandcountercharges一場(chǎng)雙方辱罵攻訐不止的競(jìng)選運(yùn)動(dòng)Scurrility–scurrilousness;scurrilouslanguagee.g.Indulgeinscurrilities肆意惡言謾罵Asapoliticalsatirist,scurrilitywashistrade,youmightsay.作為政治諷刺作家，惡言誹謗也許可算是他的行業(yè)。20.mean-spirited(l.24)卑鄙的；心胸狹窄的，小心眼兒的；小氣的21.Disown(l.25)–refusetoacceptasone’sown;saythatonehasnoconnectionwithe.g.Hedisownedanyhandinthebook.他否認(rèn)曾插手該書的編寫工作。Hedisownedhisreprobateson.他聲明同他墮落的兒子脫離關(guān)系。Paragraph522.rumor-monger(l.30)–(n.&v.)apersonwhospreadsrumors;spreadrumorsMonger–personwhomakessthunpleasantwidelyknown傳播壞事的人23.Slander(n.&v.)(l.30)anintentionalfalsespokenreport,story,etc.,whichunfairlydamagesthegoodopinionheldaboutapersonbyothers口頭誹謗24.Willful(AmE)–wilful(BrE)havingorshowingtheintentionofdoingwhatonelikes,inspiteofotherpeople;doneonpurpose任性的；有意的，存心的e.g.Shewasawillfulchild.她是個(gè)任性的孩子。Hedisplayedawillfulignoranceoftheirplight.對(duì)于他們的困境他故意裝作一無所知。25.

Fabrication(l.30)–sthmadeorinventedinordertodeceive,especiallyalie捏造；虛構(gòu)物e.g.Hisstorywasacompletefabrication.他的故事純屬虛構(gòu)。26.Undermine(l.31)–在某物下挖洞或通道；暗中破壞e.g.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationswereunderminedbyfloods.這棟房子不安全,因?yàn)榈鼗缓樗畵p壞了。Insultsunderminedherconfidence.一再受到侮辱之后,她漸漸喪失信心。Paragraph627.…itsetymology,itsoriginsintheAnglo-Saxonterm“godsibbe”,relative,itsmeaningwideningbytheRenaissancetoincludefriends,cronies…(l.35)1)Anglo-SaxonisthelanguageoftheEnglishpeoplefromthetimeoftheearliestdocumentsintheseventhcenturytoabout1,100;2)godsibbe=god+sibbe,i.e.kinsmanorrelated,hence“god-parent”3)RenaissanceistheperiodinEuropebetweenthefourteenthandtheseventeenthcentury,whentherewasarevivalofclassicalinfluenceexpressedinafloweringoftheartsandliterature.Theetymologyoftheword“gossip”showsthatthemeaningofthewordchangedwiththepassingoftime:1)onewhopromisestotakeresponsibilityforaperson’sreligiousupbringingwhenthelatterisbaptizedinaChristianchurch,i.e.agod-parent.2)afamiliaracquaintance,friend,crony;3)aperson,mostly,awomanoflightandtriflingcharacter,especiallyonewhodelightsinidletalk;4)idletalk,triflingorgroundlessrumor.28.Itmapsourties(l.39)itshowsusourrelationshipwithothers…29.Theroots