中考英語復(fù)習(xí)-定語從句-解題技巧全套

中考英語復(fù)習(xí)-定語從句-解題技巧一、定語從句概述在復(fù)合句中作定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個成分。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;which指物,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;whom在從句中作賓語;whose在從句中作定語。Adoctoris

aperson

who

looksafter

apatient.先行詞主語謂語賓語句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。1.下列情況下,先行詞指物時,只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代詞時。Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的一切都告訴了他的媽媽。(2)當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一的一本書。(3)當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。(4)當(dāng)主句是以特殊疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個是你最喜歡的旅館?2.關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時,不能省略。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語時,不能省略。Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰?3關(guān)系副詞的用法Thisis

thefactory

where

myfather

works.先行詞地點狀語主語謂語句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個工廠。1.when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。2.why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。3.where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那就是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。4定語從句解題技巧RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramwhichispopularamongtheyoungpeople.主句：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram從句：whichispopularamongtheyoungpeople先行詞：TVprogram關(guān)系代詞：which因此,如果確定是考查定語從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項，如：what。在此過程中要掌握“三看”原則。（1）一看指人還是物先行詞指人：that,who,whose,whom先行詞指物：that,which,whose（2）二看句中作何用主語who(人),which（物）,that（人/物）賓語who/whom(人),which（物）,that（人/物）定語whose（人/物）狀語where(地點),when（時間）,why（原因）如：Mybrotherlikesthestories______werewrittenbyMarkTwainbecausetheyareoftenhumorous.先行詞(thestories)指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,可用關(guān)系代詞which/that。如：Heistheboy______Italkedwithjustnow.先行詞（theboy）指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語,可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that/不填。如：What‘sthenameofthegirl______fatherisadoctor？先行詞(thegirl)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,可用關(guān)系代詞whose。如：Istillremembertheday________ournewschoolwasbuilt.從句中不缺成分,先行詞（theday）指時間,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,可用關(guān)系副詞when。（3）看是否是特殊情況：關(guān)系詞只能用that的幾種情況①當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代詞時。如：Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。如：ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這就是我能找到的唯一一本書。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。如：ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShanghai.為我們足球隊踢足球的那個最高的運(yùn)動員來自上海。④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。如：Let’stalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwecanremember.讓我們談?wù)撐覀兡軌蛴浧鸬娜撕褪隆ｊP(guān)系詞只能用which的幾種情況:①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后。如：Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.這就是我們曾經(jīng)工作過的工廠。②非限制性定語從句中。如：Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.這是魯迅寫的一本有名的書。③that，those作主語時。如：ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.桌子上的那些是英語書。用who而不用that的情況:①當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時，只能用who。如：Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。②當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)時，只能用who。如：Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。③先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，一般多用who。如：Themanwhocamehereyesterdaysaidhewouldcomeagaininafewdays.昨天來這兒的那個人說過幾天他會再來。練一練：1.—Whatshallwedonext?—Taketheadvice________isgivenbyDr.Bloch.A.whoB.whichC.whose【答案】B【解析】先行詞advice，指物體，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which.2..Mr.Smith_______issmokingislookingfor______helostyesterday.A.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;where【答案】B【解析】先行詞Mr.Smith指人，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who;在尋找他昨天丟失的物體，從選項來看，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用what.3..SteveJobsisoneofthepersonsfoundedAppleComputerCompany.Hisdeathmarkedtheendofanera(時代).A.whoB.whomC.whichD./【答案】A【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看先行詞SteveJobs，指人，且作主語。關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who.4..---Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingtotheheadmasteroverthere?---Ofcourse.Sheismysister.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what【答案】A【解析】選A。考查考查定語從句。先行詞是thegirl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。5.Foshanisacity

hasaverylonghistory.AwhoseB.whichC.who【答案】B【解析】先行詞是Foshan，是地方，引導(dǎo)詞用which.6.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.A.whoB.whenC.that【答案】C【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是ThePalaceMuseum，指物，且在定語從句中做visited的賓語，因此選C。7.---Doyouknowthegirl_____ishelpingtheoldwoman.-Oh,that'smysister,A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.where【答案】C【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是thegirl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。8.—Doyouknowthelady______istalkingwithMr.Smith?—Yes,she’sournewchemistryteacher,MissBrown.A.whoB.whichC.whom【答案】A【解析】選A。先行詞是thelady，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。9.Iwaslookingforthepen_____Iboughtyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】C【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞。前置語為thepen名詞，用which代替。what不能作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。10.Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which【答案】D【解析】選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞。前置語為thecartonbook,名詞，用which代替。11.Ilikethefriends_____todothesamethingsasmesothatwecancommunicatebetterwitheachother.A.wholikesB.whatlikeC.wholike【答案】C【解析】選C。先行詞是thefriends，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who,由于friends是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用原形。12.Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark____

wevisitedlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞thepark是“物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莢isited的賓語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選D.13.Moststudents

liketheteachersunderstandthemwellA.whoB.whenC.whatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞theteachers是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選A.14..ZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteachergaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞themostbeautifulteacher是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，同時先行詞受到形容詞的最高級修飾，只能用that來引導(dǎo)，故選B.15.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that【答案】D【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞dictionary是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選D.16.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes______makemefeelcomfortable.”A.thatB.whatC.who【答案】A【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)句意：你覺得校服怎么樣呀？很好，我喜歡讓我穿著舒服的衣服。故選A.17.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthering______myhusbandboughtmelastyear.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it【答案】A【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“thering”表示“物”，故定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選A。18.RobertisjustoneyoungoverseasChinese________hascometovisithisancestor'shomeland.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which【答案】A【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句修飾的先行詞“oneyoungoverseasChinese”表示的是“一個年輕的海外華人”，所以定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或who，故選A.19.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthepen________myfathergavemelastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom【答案】B【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“thepen”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選B。20.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemove______areaboutChinesehistory.A.whoB.whomC.whoseDwhich【答案】D【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“themove”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選D。21.Peopleoftenlikeclothes______canmakethemlookyoung.A.whenB.whoC.that【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選C。22.Icanneverforgetthestories________mygrandmatoldme.A.whatB.whoC.themD.that【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞thestories是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。23.Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresent_____wouldbesenttohisteacher.A.whoB./C.whatD.that【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞thepresent是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。24.—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?—Theone______hatisyellow.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which【答案】B【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是theone/girl，在定語從句中充當(dāng)hat的定語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用whose引導(dǎo)，故選B.25.Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞theprimaryschool,在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖堑攸c狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故選A.26.It’sinterestingthattherearemanypeoplespeakFrenchinCanada.A.whichB.whereC.who【答案】C【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞manypeople是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who或that引導(dǎo)，故選C.27.Pleasepassmethecartoonbook_________hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which【答案】D【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞thecartoonbook是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D.28.—Iwanttofindapartnertopracticerollerskating.—MyfriendFredisapersonmayhelpyoualot.A.whichB.soC.whoD.and【答案】C【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞aperson是“人”，在定語從