動力傳動及走行系統(tǒng)知識轉(zhuǎn)向架

EDRTrainingRAILWAYSECTORBogieCONTENTSBogieDCL-32AxlegearboxGear

casingTheaxlegearboxisthelastlinkofthepowertraveltransmissionsystem.Itsfunctionistodrivethewheelsettorotateafterthepowertransmittedbythedriveshaftreducesthespeedandincreasesthetorque.Theaxlegearboxesonthe1stand2ndaxlesofthefrontbogieoftheturnouttampingcar,transmitpowerthroughthemduringhighandlowspeedtraveling,andtransmitpowerwhentravelingathighspeed,soitiscalledthemaindriveaxlegearbox.Therunningforceofthe4axlesoftherearbogieisahydraulicmotor,whichonlytransmitspowerwhentheworkisrunningatlowspeed,soitiscalledanauxiliarydriveaxlegearbox.DCL-32AxlegearboxThemaindriveaxlegearboxisaone-stagespiralbevelgearreductiongearbox.ItsstructureisshowninFigureNextpage.Itconsistsofaboxbody,asmallarc-toothbevelgearinputshaft,alargearc-toothbevelgearandbearings,etc.Composition,thetransmissionratiois1:3.73.Thefrontendoftheinputshaftofthesmallarc-toothbevelgearisconnectedtotheflangethroughaspline,andtheflangeisconnectedtotheoutputshaftofthetransfercasethroughthetransmissionshaft;therearendoftheinputshaftofthesmallarc-toothbevelgear,Itmesheswithalargearc-toothbevelgearpress-fittedontheaxletodrivetheaxletorotate.Itisdifficulttousesplashlubricationforthefrontendbearingofthesmallbevelgearshaft,sopressurelubricationisadopted.Alubricatingoilpumpisinstalledintheaxlegearbox,andthelubricatingoilissenttothefrontendbearingforlubricationthroughtheexternaloilpipe.Thelubricatingoilpumpisdrivenbyacammountedontheaxle.Theaxlerotatesonceandtheoilpumpworksonce.Eg.Maindriveaxlegearboxstructurediagram1-smallarc-toothbevelgearinputshaft;2-flangeplate;3,4,8-bearings;5-largearc-toothbevelgear;6-endcover;7-boxbody;9-axleTheauxiliarydriveaxlegearboxisaone-stagespurgearreductiongearbox,anditsstructureisshowninFigureNextpage.Theoilmotor7ismountedontheboxbody,andthepiniongear2ismountedonthesplineshaft.Theshiftfork4ispushedbythecylindertocombineorseparatethepiniongear2andthelargegear14.Thegearmeshinganddisengagingstatesaresentoutbytheproximityswitchmountedontheoutsideoftheboxbodyaccordingtothedifferentpositionsoftheshiftforkmovement,andtheelectricsignalsaredisplayedonthecontrolpanelofthedriver'scab.1—splineshaft;2—piniongear;3—forklever;4—fork;5—positioningspring;6,8,12,16—bearing;7—oilmotor;9,11,17—bearingcover;13—spacerring;14—biggear;15—boxAuxiliarydriveaxlegearboxCommonfaultsandanalysisofaxlegearboxesThetechnicalstatusoftheaxlegearboxdirectlyaffectsthedrivingsafetyofthevehicle.Themainformsofdamagetotheaxlegearboxincludeboxbodycracking,gearcracking,gearboxoverheating,andsoon.1.ThecabinetiscrackedTheboxbodyoftheaxlegearboxisasteelcasting.Duetopoorcastingquality,therearedefectssuchasslaginclusion,sandhole,looseness,andinternalstressgeneratedduringcasting,whichcausecracksandbreakageintheuseofthegearbox.Ifthegearboxbodyiscracked,itwillcauseoilleakageordustintrusion.2.GearcracksThegearsintheaxlegearboxnotonlyenduregreatforceduringwork,butalsoenduretheimpactcausedbywheelsetbounce,especiallytheworkloadoftractiondrivinggearanddrivengearisgreater.Gearcracksarethemainformofgeardamage.Theapplicationconditionsshowthatabout90%ofthelargeandsmallgearsaredamagedduetofatiguecracks,whileonly10%arecausedbyextremewear.Moreover,gearcracksaregenerallyBothoccurattherootofthetooth.Therearemanyfactorsthataffectthelifeofgeartransmission,suchas:(1)Accuracyofgearprocessing.Whengrinding,attentionshouldbepaidtothearctransitionattherootofthetoothtopreventstressconcentration.(2)Thehardnessoftheworkingsurfaceofthegearteeth.(3)Lubricationconditionsofgears.(4)Accuracyofgearmeshing.(5)Gearmaterialandheattreatmentquality.Duringheattreatment,thestressattherootofthetoothshouldbestrictlycontrolledtobecometheweaklink.3.ThegearboxisoverheatedDuringtheoperationoftheaxlegearbox,thetemperatureofthegearboxwillriseduetopoorlubricationanddamagetotherollingbearings.Whenthetemperatureofthebearingpartofthegearboxexceeds45°Coftheambienttemperature,itisjudgedthatthegearboxisoverheatedandneedstobeopenedforinspection.4.ThehanginganddisengagingmechanismsarenotworkingproperlyTheon-offandoff-gearmechanismofthelarge-scaleroadmaintenancemachinerycontrolstheconversionoftherunningspeedofthevehicle.Ifthegearshiftingandshiftingmechanismsarenotworkingproperly,notonlytheoperatingspeedcannotbeconverted,butalsothegearteethofthemeshinggearmaybeengagedorbroken,andthegearboxmaybedamagedandfailtoworknormally.Themainreasonsfortheabnormaloperationofthehookandreleasemechanismare:(1)Thecomponentpartsandcomponentsarecracked,deformed,andweakenedinelasticity.(2)Thetwosidesoftheshiftforkareworntoomuch,andthefasteningboltsorpositioningpinsontheheadoftheshiftforkarelooseorcomeout.(3)Theinstallationpositionoftheshiftforkrelativetotheshiftforkgrooveonthegearshiftinggearisnotcorrect.(4)Theengagementanddisengagementfunctionsoftheshiftclutchareabnormal.5.AxlegearboxbalancebarTheaxlegearboxbodyissupportedontheaxlewithrollingbearings.Whenthewheelsrotate,thegearboxtendstorotatedownwardduetothereactiontorqueofthetractionforceofthewheels.Therefore,theaxlegearboxmustbesupportedbyabalancebarandcannotrotate.TheaxlegearboxdrivenbybevelgearadoptsabalancebarasshowninFigure5-1-3.Thebalancearm1isinstalledontheshaftendoftheaxlegearbox,andtheotherendisconnectedwithapinshaftandatierod5,andthetierodisequippedwithavibrationdampingpad.Connectwiththesupportonthebogiebeam.FigureBalancebar1-balancearm;2-support;3-bogiebeam;4-pinshaft;5-tierod;6-nut.Whentheaxlegearboxrotates,itsrotatingtorqueistransformedintothepullingforceorpressureofthetierodthroughthebalancearm,andthentransmittedtothebogiebeamthroughthedampingpad.Thebalancearmofthespurgearreductionaxlegearboxiseliminatedfromthebalancearm,andthetierodisdirectlyconnectedtothegearbox.Thestructureissimpleandtheinstallationisconvenient.Theelasticityofthedampingpadshouldbeappropriate.Iftheelasticityistoolarge,therotationangleoftheaxlegearboxwillbetoolarge,whichwillaffectthenormaloperationofthetransmissionshaft;iftheelasticityistoosmall,thebalancerodwillbeoverstressedduetothevibrationofthebogie,anditwillbeeasilydamaged.Vibrationpad.Therefore,itisnecessarytoregularlychecktheelasticityofthedampingpadandadjustthepressingforceofthedampingpad.Bogie

Thebogieisatravelingdevicethatcanrotaterelativetothecarbodyandhasanindependentstructure.Itisoneoftheimportantpartsofatampingcar.Itisusuallyinstalledunderthetwoendsofthemainframe.Atpresent,thebogiesoftampingvehiclesarealltwo-axlebogiesexceptfortheD09-32workingtrolleyandmaterialtrolley,whicharesupportedbysingleaxles.Nomatterwhatkindofbogieshouldhavethefollowingmainfunctions:1.Running:Ensurethatthetampingcarcanrunflexiblyandsafelyalongtherailwayandpassthecurveregardlessofwhetheritisself-operatedorcoupled;2.Bearing:Reliablybearthevariousforcesofthetampingcarandtransmitittotherail;3.Buffer:Alleviatethemutualimpactofthetampingcarandtherail,reducevehiclevibration,andensuresufficientrunningstabilityandgoodrunningquality;4.Brake:Ithasareliablebrakemechanismtoensurethatthetampingcarwillstopwithinaspecifieddistanceundertheactionofthebrake,regardlessofwhetheritisworkingorrunning.

5.Overhaul:Thestructureshouldbeeasytodisassembleandoverhaul.一、ThefunctionofthebogieInorderforthebogietohavetheabove-mentionedfunctions,thefollowingtechnicalrequirementsmustbemetwhendesigningandmanufacturingthebogie:

1.Operationalsafetywithacertainmargin.

2.Ithastherunningsmoothnessthatmeetsthespeedrequirements.

3.Thepartshavesufficientstrengthandrigidity.

4.Ithastheabilitytocarryandtransmittractionandtheabilitytoguidethroughthecurve.

5.Itcanstopsafelywithinthespecifiedbrakingdistance.

6.Ithastheabilitytoreducenoiseandabsorbhigh-frequencyvibration.

7.Ithasadvancedproductiontechnologyandequipmenttomeettechnicalrequirements.

MaintechnicalrequirementsofbogiesThemainstructure

ofDCL-32tampingcarbogieThecenterpinismainlycomposedofapinshaft,adustcover,abushing,apositioningsleeve,ajointbearing,alimitsleeve,anupperandlowerendcover,alubricationsystem,etc.CenterpinThestructureandfunctionoftheframework

Thebogieofthe09-32tampingcaradoptsanintegrallyweldedH-shapedrigidframe,whichisassembledbytwosidebeamsandamiddlebeam.Thesteelplateweldedframehastheadvantagesofhighproductivity,shortcycleandlessprocessingvolume.Eachbeamoftheframeadoptsabox-shapedcross-sectionstructureandissupplementedwithappropriatereinforcingplatesandribs,sothattheweightofthestructureissmallandithasgoodbendingandtorsionresistance.3.Structureandfunctionofelasticsidebearing

Theelasticsidebearingismainlycomposedofmainspring,upperandlowerspringseats,hydraulicshockabsorber,frictionplate,lubricationsystem,etc.Eachbogiehasasetofelasticsidebearingsontheleftandrightsides,andatotaloffoursetsofelasticsidebearingsforthefrontandrearbogiesbeartheweightofthebogie.Thespringstiffnessoftheleftandrightelasticsidebearingsoneachbogieisrequiredtobethesameaspossibletoensurethesafetyandrunningstabilityofthewholevehicle.4.StructureandfunctionofaxleheadboxdeviceTheaxleheadboxdevice(secondaryvibrationreduction)ismainlycomposedoftheaxleheadbox,V-shapedmetalrubberspring,hydraulicshockabsorber,andthejackingcylinder.Itsmainfunctionistointegratethewheelsetwiththebogieframetoensurethatthewheelbaseofthebogiemeetsthedesignrequirementsandimprovethedynamicperformanceofthevehicle;thefunctionofthejackingcylinderistomaketheV-shapedmetalrubberspringineffectiveduringoperationToensuretheaccuracyoftheoperation.Thankyou5.

Structureandfunctionofaxlegearbox

Axlegearboxesaredividedintomaindrivegearboxesandauxiliarydrivegearboxes.Thispictureisthemaindrivegearbox,whichismainlycomposedoftheboxbody,drivingbevelgear,passivebevelgear,bearing,lubricationpump,reactionarm,etc.Theauxiliarydrivegearboxismainlycomposedofprimaryandsecondaryspurgears,case,bearing,clutch,reactionarm,etc.

四、ThemainstructureofD08-32Ctampingcarbogie

Thedrivinganddrivenbogiesofthetampingcararecomposedofbogieframe,wheel-setaxleboxdevice,axlegearbox,sphericalcenterplate,constantcontactsidebearing,springdampingdevice,basicbrakedeviceandobstacledeflectiondevice.Partscomposition.Itsupportstheframe,bearsandtransmitsvariousloadsandforcesfromtheframetothewheelpairorfromthewheelrailtotheframe.Andmaketheaxleloadevenlydistributed.四、ThemainstructureofD08-32CtampingcarbogieToensurethesafeoperationofthetampingvehicle,itcanflexiblyrunalongthestraightlineandsmoothlypassthecurve.Makefulluseoftheadhesionbetweenthewheelandrailtotransmittractionandbrakingforce,amplifythebrakingforcegeneratedbythebrakecylinder,sothatthetampingvehiclehasagoodbrakingeffecttoensurethatitstopswithinthespecifieddistance.Thespringdampingdevicehasgooddampingcharacteristicstoeasetheinteractionbetweenthetampingcarandtheline,reducevibrationandimpact,reducedynamicstress,andimprovetherunningstabilityandsafetyofthetampingcar.

ThebogieadoptsanintegratedH-shapedintegralweldedframewithabolsterandasideframe,atwo-axlebogiewithpedestalpositioning,andasphericalcoreplateconnectedtothecarbody.Amongthem,theaxleboxadoptstheguideframepositioningstructure,whichcanallowarelativelylargerelativedisplacementbetweentheaxleboxandthebogiesideframeintheverticaldirection.Smalldisplacement.Theprimaryspringsuspensiondeviceisarrangedbetweenthebogiesideframeandthewheel-setaxlebox,sothatthevibrationofthevehiclebodyundergoesaspringdampingdevice.

Thesphericalcoreplateisthemainload-bearingcomponentofthetampingcar.Inadditiontoconnectingtheframeandthebogie,italsotransferstheload,andisthecenterofrotationoftheentirebogieduringtheoperationofthetampingcar.Therefore,thecoreplatestructureisoneofthekeystructuresofthetampingvehicle.1.StructureandfunctionofsphericalcoreplateTheforceconditionofthesphericalcoreplate:Thecoreplateisanimportantload-bearingcomponent,andthemainforcesreceivedandtransmittedare:①verticalload(includingverticalstaticloadandverticaldynamicload);②lateralforce;③longitudinalforce;④rotationalfrictionresistance.Thestressofthesphericalcoreplate:thetampingvehicleisinoperation,duetotheinfluenceoftheline,theclimateandthestructureofthetampingvehicleitself,theforcesituationisverycomplicated.Thepositionofthecorediscisthesprungmasspartofthetampingcar.Duringoperation,thecorediscissubjectedtovariousloads.Theseforcesaresuperimposedwithhighloadandlowcycle,sothatthecorediskintegrateshugetensilestress,compressivestress,impactforce,strongvibration,andheavyloadfriction.Thecorediskissubjectedtostrongshockandvibration.Theworkingprincipleofthesphericalcoredisc:theupperandlowercorediscmatingsurfacesofthesphericalcorediscareallspherical,andtheverticalforce,transverseforceandlongitudinalforcearealltransmittedbythesphericalsurface.Theupperandlowercorediscsareconnectedbyacenterpin,sothattheupperandlowercorediscsarenoteasytofalloutwhenalargelongitudinalforceacts.Sphericalcontactincreasesthedegreeoffreedomoftheframerelativetothebogie,whichcancompensatefortheimpactofmanufacturingandinstallationerrorsonthealignmentoftheframeandthebogie.Thefunctionofthesphericalcoreplate:Whentheframerollsagainstthebogiebolster,theframeproducesacertainangleanddeflection.Thesphericalcoreplatestillhasagoodfit,andtheupperandlowercontactsurfacesarestillcloselyattached,andthecontactareawillnotoccur.Change,thepressureofthecoreplatewillnotfluctuatelikeaflatcoreplateundertheactionofedgeload.Inthisway,fatiguecrackscausedbytheincreaseofthepressureofthecoreplateareavoided,andthewearofthecoreplateisalsomorereasonable.2.Structureandfunctionofelasticsidebearing

Itismainlycomposedofupperandlowerspringseats,springs,andfrictionplates.Theelasticsidebearingcannotonlybearpartoftheverticalload,butalsoprovideproperturningresistancetorquetotherunningbogietolimititsswayingmotion,improvethestabilityofthetampingcar,andatthesametime,itcanalsolimittherollingmotionoftheframe,Conducivetoanti-overturningsafety.Theinteractionbetweenthesphericalcoreplateandtheelasticsidebearing,ontheonehand,thefrictioninthesphericalcoreplaterealizesthedampingeffectrequiredbythebogie,andontheotherhand,iteliminatestheadverseeffectscausedbymanufacturingandinstallationerrors.Thepositivefunctionoftheelasticsidebearingensuresthatthesphericalcoreplatecanbeinanormalworkingstate.3.Thestructureandfunctionoftheframework

Thebogieframeiscomposedofthemiddlebeam,sideframe,sphericalcenterplateseat,sidebearingspringseat,bearingboxguideseat,brakecylindersupportframe,brakebeamhangerandotherworkingmechanismsupports.ThebogieframeisanH-typefullyweldedstructurebogie,whichhasthecharacteristicsofsimplestructure,highstrength,goodrigidityandlightweight.Themanufacturingaccuracyoftheframeisguaranteedbyassemblywelding.Aftertheframeiswelded,nomechanicalprocessingorspecialheattreatmentisrequiredtoeliminateweldingstress.4.Structureandfunctionofspringsuspensiondevice

Thespringsuspensiondeviceisinstalledbetweenthebogiesideframeandthewheelsetaxlebox,andconsistsofaspringseat,acoilspring,etc.Ontheonehand,thedevicetransfersthemassandloadofthevehicletotheaxlesinarelativelybalancedmanner,andenablesthevehicletomeettheheightrequirementsfromthecenterofthecouplertotherailsurfaceunderastaticloadcondition,andensurethenormalcouplingofthevehicle.Ontheotherhand,thespringsuspensiondevicecaneffectivelyalleviatethevibrationandimpactgeneratedduringvehicleoperation,reducenoise,andimprovethecomfortandstabilityofvehicleoperation.VariablefrictionshockabsorberTheshockabsorberofthedrivinganddrivenbogieofthetampingcarisavariablefrictionshockabsorber,thestructureisbasicallythesameasthatoftheLinoershockabsorber,andthewedgeangleis23°.Itiscomposedofguideframe,shockabsorbersupport,springcap,spring,toppiece,wearplateandotherparts,asshowninFigure.Theshockabsorbersupportframeisconnectedtotheframebywelding.Ontheotherhand,theverticalloadonthebogiecoreplateistransmittedtothedampersupport3throughtheframe1,andthentothespring5throughthespringcap4,andfinallytotheaxlebox8,thebearingandthewheelset.superior.Ontheotherhand,sincethelowerpartoftheshockabsorberbracketisabevelededge23°withthehorizontalplane,thebevelededgeisembeddedintheinclinedwedgegrooveattheupperendofthespringcap,sotheshockabsorberbracketalsogivesthespringcapalongitudinalhorizontalcomponentofforce.Variablefrictionshockabsorberthishorizontalforcemakesthespringcappressthetopplateinthelongitudinaldirection,makingthetopplatetightlyattachedtothewearplateoftheaxlebox,andatthesametimemaketheleftsideguideframeandthewearplateontheleftsideoftheaxleboxclose.Whenthetampingcarvibrates,frictionresistanceisgeneratedbetweenthetopandthewearplateandbetweentheguideframeontheleftsideoftheaxleboxandthewear.SincethehorizontalcomponentforceFh(thatis,thepositivepressurebetweenthejackandthewearplate)isproportionaltotheverticalloadFVreceivedbythespring,thefrictionforceisproportionaltotheloadreceivedbythebogie.ItisavariablefrictionshockabsorberVariablefrictionshockabsorberVariablefrictionshockabsorberhasattenuationeffectonverticalandlateralvibration,itsperformanceisstable,frictionislessaffectedbyexternalweatherconditionsandwearstate,andthewearsurfaceiseasytorepair.Sincethereisnogapbetweentheaxleboxandtheframe,thelongitudinalpositioningrigidityofthewheelsetisincreased,andtherunningstabilityisimproved.Assemblyofdoublerowtaperedrollerbearings

Structuralcharacteristicsofdouble-rowtaperedrollerbearings⑴Sealeddouble-rowtaperedrollerbearings.⑵Adoptcontacttypesealingdevice.⑶Adoptintegralplasticsteelcage.⑷Thereare23rollersineachrow,withfullcrowndesign.5.

Structureandfunctionofaxlegearbox

Theaxlegearboxisthekeydrivingdeviceofthetampingcar.Itisastraight-toot