西安工程大學(xué)人文與社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)院《830英語綜合知識(shí)》歷年考研真題匯編

目錄

2013年西安工程大學(xué)824英語綜合知識(shí)

考研真題

2014年西安工程大學(xué)824英語綜合知識(shí)

考研真題

2015年西安工程大學(xué)827英語綜合知識(shí)

考研真題

2016年西安工程大學(xué)830英語綜合知識(shí)

考研真題

2017年西安工程大學(xué)830英語綜合知識(shí)

考研真題

2013年西安工程大學(xué)824英語綜合知識(shí)考研真題

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．connotation

2．idiom

3．metonymy

4．a(chǎn)lliteration

5．consonant

6．a(chǎn)llophones

7．a(chǎn)lphabetisms

8．homonym

9．pragmatics

10．degradation

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．diachroniclinguisticsandsynchroniclinguistics

2．morphandallomorph

3．surfacestructureanddeepstructure

4．explicitperformanceandimplicitperformance

5．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．BrieflydescribethedevelopmentoftheT.G.grammar.

2．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphoneticstranscription.

3．WhatarethemaincomponentsoftheStandardTheory?Howdoeseach

ofthemworkinthewholeprocessofgeneratingandtransformingsentences?

4．Whatisaperformativeutterance?Howareperformativeutterances

classified?

5．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

6．Onwhatgroundsdolinguistsgrouplanguagesintodifferentfamiliesand

differenttypes?Writeoutthesubfamilies,branchesandthemainmembersof

Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.

IV.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Writedowntheitem

numbersandyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1point

each)

1．_____meansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolize

objects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthemomentof

communication.

A.Creativity

B.Arbitrariness

C.Displacement

D.Duality

2．_____putforwardthedistinctionbetweenCompetenceandPerformance.

A.Saussure

B.Chomsky

C.Halliday

D.Lakoff

3．Inhisfamousarticle,LinguisticsandPoetics(1960),_____definedsix

primaryfactorsofanyspeechevent,namely:speaker,addressee,context,

message,code,contact.

A.Jespersen

B.Firth

C.Jacobson

D.Halliday

4．Therelationshipbetween“furniture”and“sofa”is_____.

A.homonymy

B.hyponymy

C.polysemy

D.synonymy

5．_____isagrammaticalcategoryusedfortheanalysisofwordclasses

displayingsuchcontrastsassingular,dual,plural,etc.

A.Lexicon

B.Number

C.Syntax

D.Aspect

6．Whichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphsofthe

Englishpluralmorpheme?

A.[si]

B.[iz]

C.[ai]

D.[is]

7．AmericanBlackEnglishis_____.

A.asocialvariety

B.aregionalvariety

C.combinationofsocialandregionaldialect

D.atemporaldialect

8．Pragmaticsisastudyof_____.

A.languagelearning

B.languageacquisition

C.languageplanning

D.languageinuse

9．Theorganizednetworkofknowledgethathelpsastounderstandnew

knowledgeiscalled_____.

A.paradigm

B.aphasia

C.hedge

D.schema

10．Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,

whichare_____orgeneralization.

A.elaboration

B.simplification

C.externalborrowing

D.internalborrowing

V.Fillintheblanks.Writedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)

1．Geographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_____,while

theeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

2．TheancestorsoftheEnglishare_____,whiletheScots,WelshandIrish

areCelts.

3．Thebattleof_____witnessedthedeathofHaroldinOctober,1066.

4．ThepropertyrecordinWilliam’stimeisknownas_____,whichwas

compiledin1086.

5．JamesIandhissonCharlesIbothbelievedfirmlyin_____.

6．OneoftheconsequencesoftheUpspringin1381wastheemergenceofa

newclassoffarmers.

7．Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomesthe

official_____,withitsownleaderandshadowcabinet.

8．TheultimatecourtofappealincivileasesthroughouttheUKis_____.

9．ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainaretheChurchofEnglandand

_____.

10．IntheGreatLake,only_____belongstotheUScompletelywhilethe

otherfouraresharedwithCanada.

VI.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldiery

ploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.

2．Thepresidentwasconspicuouslyabsentonthatoccasion.

3．Theassistantkeptarespectfuldistancefromhisbosswhentheywere

walkinginthecorridor.

4．“Heisreallystrange,”hisfriendssaidwhentheyheardhehaddivorced

hisprettyandlovingwife.

5．Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.

6．Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandlookupthepen.

7．Thematchwillsoonbeoveranddefeatisstaringusintheface.

8．Thestreetfadedintoacountryroadwithstragglinghousesbyit.

9．Themancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel.

10．Thisbarbarousactwassocivilized.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ManyGermanspeakexcellentEnglish,whereasitisraretofindanon-

GermanwhospeaksexcellentGerman.TheGermanlanguageisdifficult,and

onlyanunusuallywell-preparednegotiatorwilltakethetroubletostudythe

languageaheadofthetime.

Germansocietyisorderedandorderly.Theconceptoftheruleoflawis

constantlyemphasized.Thereareregulationsgoverningmostaspectsoflife

inthecountry.Indeed,manyGermansassumethatanythingnotspecifically

permittedbythelawisforbidden.Thebusinessculturetakesthelawequally

seriously.Businessactivitiesarecarriedout,ingeneral,withinaclearly

definedframework.WheneverGermannegotiatorsexpresstheiragreement

orally,theywillsticktotheirwords.Businessorganizationsarelightand

wellordered.Everyoneknowshisorherfunctionsclearly.Thequalityof

productsandservicesisbelievedtobethekeytosuccess.Hardworkand

efficiencyaretwohighvaluedcharactertraitsforGermans.Itisnot

uncommontoplaceahigherprioritytohiscareerthanhisfamily.

Germansaremorepresent-orientedthanfuture-orientated.Timeschedules

arestrictlyadheredtobytheGermans.Punctualdeliverymeansontheday

precisely.Theylookforconcrete,technicalevidenceofexcellentand

superiorperformanceinproducts.Germansalwaysdotheirhomeworkvery

wellbeforenegotiation.Itishardtobargainwiththem.Thelowpriceand

promptdeliverydatesmatteralottoGermannegotiators.Sincetheyarethe

peoplewhoarealwaysontargetinalmosteverythingtheydo,theyhavea

littletolerancefordelaysindelivery.

Formalityisanecessarysignofrespect.Businessisseriousbusiness.These

arevaluesthatpervadethesocietyandarethefoundationonwhichGerman

businessmenbuild.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

幾乎所有的人在說話和寫作時(shí)都引用歷史、傳說、文學(xué)或宗教中的人物

或事件，這些人物或事件就是典故。運(yùn)用典故不僅可以潤飾語言，使之

豐富多彩、生動(dòng)清晰，而且使人們更易溝通思想。漢語中的“你這個(gè)人

真阿Q”這樣的話，含義十分明顯，無需多做解釋。英語和漢語類似，也

有豐富的口頭流傳和文字記載下來的典故。

有些神話故事在講英語的國家人人皆知，而有些神話故事在不講英語的

國家流傳甚廣。如特洛伊木馬的故事可在全世界許多國家的教科書和著

作中找到，常被用來告誡人們要提高警惕，防止內(nèi)部敵人，不要在可疑

的情況下隨便接受貌似無害的禮物。

希臘祌話中普羅米修斯(Prometheus)的故事也許知道的人少一些，但他

對(duì)人類的愛，他授予人類的火，他對(duì)主神宙斯(Zeus)的蔑視，在威脅和

折磨下堅(jiān)忍不拔的意志，在各國不同語言的散文和詩歌中都受到高度贊

揚(yáng)。普羅米修斯在全世界成為熱愛人類、反抗壓迫的象征。

IX.Writeacompositionon“TraditionalCultureandWesternCulture”onthe

ANSWERSHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeor

experiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshould

beofnolessthan300words.(20points)

2014年西安工程大學(xué)824英語綜合知識(shí)考研真題

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．denotation

2．phonology

3．metonymy

4．vowel

5．consonant

6．a(chǎn)llophones

7．deixis

8．homonym

9．pragmatics

10．referent

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

2．morphandallomorph

3．metaphoricalidiomandsimilizedidiom

4．explicitperformanceandimplicitperformance

5．collocativemeaningofawordandthematicmeaningofaword

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．Brieflyintroducethewaysofdevelopingparagraphs.

2．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphoneticstranscriptions.

3．Stateparadigmaticandsyntagmaticrelationshipsamonglinguistic

elementsthatmakeupsentences.

4．Whatarethesimilarityanddifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?

5．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

6．WhatarethebenefitstowriteBookReport?Howtowriteabookreport?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandanalyzethestylisticfeatures.Writedown

youranalysisontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Itwassixo’clockwhenIfelttheschoolhouse.Ihadsixmilestowalkhome.

ItwouldbeaftersevenwhenIgothome.IhadallmyworktodowhenIgot

home.IttookPaandmebothtodothework.Sevencowstomilk.Nineteen

headsofcattletofeed,fourmules,twenty-fivehogs,firewoodandstove

woodtocut,andwatertodrawfromthewell.HewouldbedoingitwhenI

gothome.Hewouldbemadandwonderingwhatwaskeepingme!

Ihurriedhome.Iwouldrununderthedark,leaflesstrees.Iwouldwalkfast

uphill.Iwouldrundownthehill.Thegroundwasfreezing.Ihadtohurry.I

hadtorun.Ireachedthelongridgethatledtoourcowpasture.Iranlongthis

ridge.Thewinddriedthesweatonmyface.Iranacrossthepasturetothe

house.

—JesseStuart

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.

2．Whatfineweatherforanouting!

3．Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshesleptseveralsleeplessnights.

4．Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofthe

bellows.

5．Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.

6．Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.

7．Drainyoursweat—drinkyourblood?

8．Thestormwasragingandanangryseawascontinuouslytossingtheir

boat.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writeclownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

IntheUnitedStates,therearestrongvaluesregardingindependence,freedom

andindividualequality.Thesenseofpersonalfreedomisverystrong.

Individualsarenotnecessarilyconstrainedtoaparticularsocialclass,

locationoreconomicgroupbybirth.Asaresult,individualsstrivetoachieve

personalgoals,seekpersonalautonomyandoftenprefertoactasindividuals

ratherthanasamemberofagroup.

FreedomisafoundationvalueoftheAmericaneconomy:freemarkets,free

movementofpeople,freeentryintonewbusinesses,freedomtotakeorleave

ajob,etc.

Americansconsumemuchandsavelittle.Theypurchasecarsandhousesand

gointodebttopayforthem.Manyprefertopurchaseusingtheircreditcards,

thencannotfullypayatthemonthlybillingtime.Personalsuccessanda

betterlifearemeasuredinmoregoods:abiggerhouse,moreexpensivecars

andclubmemberships.

Theyplacegreatvalueontime.Usingtimeefficientlyisacriticalgoaland

admiredmeasureofskill.Timedominateshowmeetingsareplanned,phone

callsaremade,andmealsarescheduled.Tothem,foreignerswhodonot

respectthistimeorientationareviewedaslessprofessionalorless

sophisticatedthanthosewhodo.

Americansmakedecisionsbasedonthebottomlineandoncold,hardfacts.

Theydonotlayfavorites.Profitsandperformancecount,notpeople.

Businessisbusiness.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

我們同別人談話時(shí)，交際的手段不限于詞匯，我們的表情、手勢(shì)、身體

其他部分的動(dòng)作，都向周圍的人傳遞著信息。微微一笑伸出手來表示歡

迎，皺眉表示不滿，點(diǎn)頭表示同意，揮手表示再見。聽報(bào)告或講演時(shí)，

身子往椅背上依靠，打個(gè)呵欠表示厭煩，不感興趣。人們公認(rèn)這些動(dòng)作

表示上述意義，至少美國人和中國人都是這樣的。這些動(dòng)作是交際手段

的一部分。體態(tài)語同語言一樣，都是文化的一部分。

多數(shù)情況下，體態(tài)語與語言是相互依存的。在某些情況下，人體動(dòng)作與

所說的話不一致，口頭說的話與體態(tài)語表達(dá)的意思不一樣。這時(shí),要借

助其它信息或從整個(gè)情境中猜測(cè)說話人的意思，從某種意義上說，一切

體態(tài)語都要放在一定的情境中去理解，否則就會(huì)發(fā)生誤解。

總之，用一種語言交際時(shí)，一般也應(yīng)該使用同那種語言相適應(yīng)的體態(tài)

語，這樣才能達(dá)到更好的交際效果。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“LanguageandCulture”ontheANSWER

SHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperienceto

generatesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshouldbeofnoless

than300words.(25points)

2015年西安工程大學(xué)827英語綜合知識(shí)考研真題

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．vowel

2．glides

3．phonetics

4．phoneme

5morpheme

6．syntax

7．gender

8．connotation

9．idiom

10．degradation

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．Diachroniclinguisticsandsynchroniclinguistics

2．Non-linguisticcontextandactualspeechsituation

3．Analyticsentencesandsyntheticsentences

4．Rootantonymsandderivationalantonyms

5．Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslation

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30points,5pointseach)

1．BrieflydescribethedevelopmentoftheT.G.grammar.

2．WhatarethemaincomponentsoftheStandardTheory?Howdoeseach

ofthemworkinthewholeprocessofgeneratingandtransformingsentences?

3．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

4．ExplainandexemplifytheconstituentandICanalysis(Immediate

ConstituentAnalysis).

5．Howdoesamonosemebecomeapolyseme?

6．Whatarethemaintypesofdeixis?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandanalyzethetransitionfeatures.Write

downyouranalysisontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’tplay,Americansrushtoworkassoon

astheygrowup.Theywanttheirworkassoonastheywake.Itisastimulant

—theonlyonetheyarenotafraidof.Theyusedtoopentheirofficesatten

o’clock;thenatnine;thenateight;thenateleven.Nowtheynevershutthem.

EverybusinessmAmericaisturningintoanopen-all-day-and-nightbusiness.

Theyeatallnight,danceallnight,buildbuildingallnight,andmakeanoise

allnight.Theycan’tplay.Theytryto,butcan’t.Theyturnfootballintoa

fight,baseballintoalawsuit,andyachtingintomachinery.Theycan’tplay.

Thelittlechildrencan’tplay;theyusemechanicaltoysinstead—toycranes,

hoistingtoyloads,toymachineryspreadingatoyindustrialdepressionof

infantiledullness.Thegrownuppeoplecan’tplay;theyuseamechanical

gymnasiumandaclockworkhorse.Theycan’tlaugh;theyhireacomedian

andwatchhimlaugh.

—StephenLeacock

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.

2．Whatfineweatherforanouting!

3．Shewassoworriedabouthersonthatshesleptseveralsleeplessnights.

4．Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofthe

bellows.

5．Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.

6．Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.

7．Drainyoursweat—drinkyourblood?

8．Thestormwasragingandanangryseawascontinuouslytossingtheir

boat.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Socialscientiststellusthatculturesdifferfromoneanother.Eachcultureis

uniqueandlanguagesarediverse.Owingtothedifferencesinculturesand

languages,difficultiesoftenariseincommunicatingacrossculture.

Becauseofculturaldifferences,thesamewordsorexpressionsmaynotmean

thesamethingtodifferentpeoples.Therefore,misunderstandingmayarise

althoughthelanguageusedincommunicationmaybefaultless.Aserious

questionmaycauseamusementandlaughter,aharmlessstatementmany

causedispleasureoranger.Jokesbyaforeignspeakermaybereceivedwith

blankfacesandstonysilence.Yetthesamestoriesinthespeaker’sown

countrywouldleaveaudiencesholdingtheirsideswithlaughter.

Learningaforeignlanguagewellmeansmorethanmerelymasteringthe

pronunciation,grammar,wordsandidioms.Itmeanslearningalsotoseethe

worldasnativespeakersofthatlanguageseeit,learningthewaysinwhich

theirlanguagereflectstheideas,customs,andbehavioroftheirsociety,

learningtounderstandtheir“l(fā)anguageofthemind”.Learningalanguage,in

fact,isinseparablefromlearningitsculture.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

書面語和口頭語的主要區(qū)別在于前者一般是事前有構(gòu)思，有時(shí)間思考、

推敲、斟酌詞語，講究修辭，必要時(shí)可以改寫或全部重寫，使文章更有

文采，更有感染力和說服力。然而，在說話時(shí)，人們的話語和思想是在

談話過程中出現(xiàn)的，事先未經(jīng)推敲，在表達(dá)一個(gè)思想或說一個(gè)句子時(shí)往

往有猶豫不決，有省略、重復(fù)詞語或句子的現(xiàn)象，多用簡(jiǎn)單、常說、容

易想到的詞語，通常想不到要修飾、潤色。

書面語和口語各有特點(diǎn)。書面英語結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，時(shí)而有來源于拉丁語的大

詞，往往用修辭手段使文章更生動(dòng)，口頭英語有時(shí)條理不清，句子結(jié)構(gòu)

松散，甚至“不合語法”，常用不完全句和省略句，有不少口語詞和俚語

詞。

上述書面語的特征主要是指正式的、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的書面語的特征。不同文體的

書面語特征和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)亦有差異，官方文件和法律文件的語言與烹飪書中告

訴人們?nèi)绾巫龅案獾恼Z言大不相同。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“TranslationandCulture”ontheANSWER

SHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperienceto

generatesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshouldbeofnoless

than300words.(25points)

2016年西安工程大學(xué)830英語綜合知識(shí)考研真題

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．morpheme

2．a(chǎn)lliteration

3．a(chǎn)lphabetisms

4．glides

5．polysemes

6．gender

7．pragmatics

8．reference

9．concord

10．blending

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．morphandallomorph

2．surfacestructureanddeepstructure

3．recessivedissimilationandprogressivedissimilation

4．gradableantonymsandrelationalantonyms

5．contentwordsandfunctionwords

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30point,5pointseach)

1．Exemplifythebroadandnarrowphonetictranscription.

2．Whatarethemamtypesofdeixis?

3．BrieflyexplainthebasicideaoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisandgive

yourcomments.

4．Howtohaveagoodexpositorywriting?

5．Whatisaperformativeutterance?Howareperformativeutterances

classified?

6．What’stherelationbetweenwritingandspeech?

IV.Readthefollowingpassageandcompleteanabstract.Writedownyour

abstractontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Athirdkindofthinkingisstimulatedwhenanyonequestionsourbeliefsand

opinions.Wesometimesfindourselveschangingourmindswithoutany

resistanceorheavyemotion,butifwearetoldthatwearewrongweresent

theimputationandhardenourhearts.Weareincrediblyheedlessinthe

formationofourbeliefs,butfindourselvesfilledwithanillicitpassionfor

themwhenanyoneproposestorobusoftheircompanionship.Itisobviously

nottheideasthemselvesthataredeartous,butourself-esteem,whichis

threatened.Wearebynaturestubbornlypledgedtodefendourownfrom

attack,whetheritbeourperson,ourfamily,ourproperty,orouropinion.We

maysurrender,butrarelyconfessourselvesvanquished.Intheintellectual

worldatleast,peaceiswithoutvictory.

Fewofustakethepainstostudytheoriginofourcherishedconvictions;

indeed,wehaveanaturalrepugnancetosodoing.Weliketocontinueto

believewhatwehavebeenaccustomedtoacceptastrue,andtheresentment

arousedwhendoubtiscastuponanyofourassumptionsleadsustoseek

everymannerofexcuseforclingingtothem.Theresultisthatmostofour

so-calledreasoningconsistsinfindingargumentsforgoingonbelievingas

wealreadydo.

V.Identifytherhetoricaldeviceusedineachofthefollowingsentences.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points,1pointeach)

1．Thepresidentwasconspicuouslyabsentonthatoccasion.

2．“Fantastic!Fantastic!”hepointedatthemanagerangrily.

3．Theassistantkeptarespectfuldistancefromhisbosswhentheywere

walkinginthecorridor.

4．Thepictureofthosepoorpeople’sliveswascarvedsosharplyinhisheart

thathecouldneverforgetit.

5．Wrongideasmayharmamanjustlikediseases.

6．Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.

7．Hiswritingisclearandclean.

8．Thunderroaredandapouringrainstarted.

9．Thepoorwashwomanpassedawaywiththedesiretocontributemoreto

herduty.

10．Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.

VI.TranslatethepassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ItisinterestingthatmanyoftheEnglishmakeacompromise.Moreorless

thesamephysicaldistanceismaintainedforeverybody,whethertheyare

intimateordistant.TheEnglishconsideranintrusionintothepersonalspace

withoutaninvitationoddandpossiblythreatening.

Thesocialspaceispartlysymbolicandinvisibleandhencedealtwith

throughgestures,posturesandlanguage.Butitisalsopartlyphysical,and

thuscanbeobservedinbodydistance.Therangeofacceptablebodydistance

varieswiththedegreeofintimacyandequalitythatisthoughttoexistinthe

relationship.

Atoneextremeis“untouchable”,whetherliterallyorthroughkeepingone’s

distance,aswhenanoblemanfindsitdistastefultobeclosetoacommoner.

Attheotherextremearewhatcanbefoundincertaintribalandpeasant

societies.Herethereis,withinthegroup,verylittlesocialandphysical

distance.Sopeoplewilloftenstandorsitdisconcertinglyclosefora

Westerner’stastes—whilesomeAfricansfindthatWesternersappearaloof

andstandtoofaraway.

VII.TranslatethepassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Writedownyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

林紓夫人的病逝使他郁郁寡歡，適逢此時(shí)，他認(rèn)識(shí)了從法國歸來的王壽

昌，后者勸林紓與他合譯《茶花女》(Camille)，以排遣憂愁。這樣，不

懂外語但有深厚古文修養(yǎng)的林紓借助王壽昌的口譯解說，用文言完成了

譯作《巴黎茶花女遺事》(TheTragedyofCamille)。此書一經(jīng)出版，轟

動(dòng)一時(shí)，名揚(yáng)天下。從此，林紓一發(fā)不可收，一生共翻譯外國文學(xué)作品

180余部。一位不懂外文的古文家竟成為中國近代最著名的翻譯家。

林紓晚年成為新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)最激烈的攻擊者，然而他最大的貢獻(xiàn)恰恰在于

以其譯作推動(dòng)了近代文學(xué)的發(fā)展?！拔逅摹睍r(shí)期，幾乎所有著名的作家都

坦言曾受到林譯小說的滋養(yǎng)，正是林譯小說使他們對(duì)外國文學(xué)產(chǎn)生了濃

厚的興趣，并開始尋求利用異國文化資源來建立新文學(xué)?？梢哉f，林紓

最終用自己的譯作使他們開始向新文學(xué)和新文化過渡，并親手埋葬了自

己最執(zhí)著的傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)與文化。

VIII.Writeacompositionon“LanguageLearningandGlobalization”onthe

ANSWERSHEET.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeor

experiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.Yourcompositionshould

beofnolessthan400words.(25points)

2017年西安工程大學(xué)830英語綜合知識(shí)考研真題

I.BrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglishandwritedowntheitem

numbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,2points

each)

1．consonant

2．stops

3．metaphor

4．phonology

5．deixis

6．epithet

7．idiom

8．degradation

9．semantics

10．subordination

II.BrieflyexplaininEnglishinwhatwaythefollowingtermsaredifferent.

WritedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(20points,4pointseach)

1．meaningandconcept

2．a(chǎn)nalyticsentencesandsyntheticsentences

3．linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext

4．totalassimilationandpartialassimilation

5．descriptivegrammarandprescriptivegrammar

III.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.Writedowntheitemnumbers

andyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,5pointseach)

1．Onwhatgroundsdolinguistsgrouplanguagesintodifferentfamiliesand

differenttypes?

2．What’stherelationbetweenwritingandspeech?

3．Whataretheprimarycausesoflanguagechange?

4．Whatarethemainschoolsoflinguistics?

IV.Fillintheblanks.Writedowntheitemnumbersandyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointseach)

1．TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands—GreatBritainand

_____,andhundredsofsmallones.

2．The_____isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereonce

coloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931.

3．TheEnglishisamixtureofnationalitiesofdifferentorigins.The

ancestorsofmanyEnglishpeopleweretheancient_____and_____.

4．TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventin

Englishhistory.WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhiminthebattleof

_____inOctober1066.

5．_____wassignedbyKingJohnin1215underthepressofthebarons.Its

spiritwasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking,keepingthemwithinthe

boundsofthefeudallawoftheland.

6．BritishParliamentisabicameralbodyof_____and_____.

7．WilliamShakespearewrotefourgreattragedies.TheyareHamlet,

Othello,_____andMacbeth.

8．_____,themosttypicallyEnglishofsports,hasbeeninexistencesince

the16thcentury.

9．ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom_____and_____.

PopulationmovementsarecommoninAmerica.

10．In1775,ThomasJeffersondrafted_____,anditwasadoptedonJuly4,

1776.

11．TheslavesystemwasformallyendedbyLincoln’s_____in1863.

12．“Thatgovernmentofthepeople,_____,_____,shallnotperishfromthe

earth.”isfromLincoln’sspeech.

13．TheConstitutionofUSAdividesthegovernmentintothreebranches:

_____,_____andthejudicial.

14．In1947,theU.S.decidedtoofferWesternEuropeancountrieseconomic

aidtoprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansion,whichisthe

famous_____Plan.

15．TheAdventuresofTomSawyeristhenovelofthefamousAmerican

writer_____.

V.Read(hefollowingpassageandcompleteanabstract.Writedownyour

abstractwithin100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)

XiaoLiuisasanitationworkerinarestaurant,amuchhonoredone.Shehas

beenawardedforher“excellentworkandsatisfactoryservice”bythe

NationalTourismAdministrationfourtimessinceshetookthejobsixyears

ago.

Herjobseemssimple.Everymorning,sheisrequiredtocleantwo

washrooms,twobathrooms,twolockerrooms,thebalconyandthecorridor.

Butitishardanddemandingwork,especiallyforagirlwhosuffersfrom

heartdisease.“Iusuallyhavetocomeat8:00—halfanhourbeforethe

workingtimebegins,andstarttobustleinandoutwithoutabreak.”saysLiu.

At11o’clock—theopeningtimeoftherestaurant,everythingiswashed