外研版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit 3 Faster higher stronger 單元學(xué)案

高二選修一Unit3Unit3—SectionA1.①afarcryfrom與...大不相同；②asfaras...據(jù)...，就...，遠(yuǎn)到...；③byfar...得多，更，顯然；④farfrom遠(yuǎn)非；⑤beinfullcry激情吶喊，大聲疾呼；⑥sofar迄今為止；⑦letout/giveacry發(fā)出尖叫。練習(xí)：1.Watchingamovieisdefinitely(與...是天壤之別)takingavacationinHawaii.2.(在我看來(lái)),hedoesn’tupsetyouonpurpose.2.association&associate（1）associationn.協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)，關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)，交往inassociationwith...與...聯(lián)合/合作（2）associatev.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系，交往①associate...with...把...與...聯(lián)系起來(lái)；②beassociatedwith...與...有關(guān)；③associatewithsb.與某人交往，與某人混在一起。練習(xí)：1.The(associate)betweenthetwocompanieshasbeenfor30years.2.Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsthat(associate)withsmoking.3.Ifyouassociatepositive-thinkingpeople,youaresuretoachievesuccess.3.①attach...to...把..固定在/附在...上；②attachimportance/valueto...認(rèn)為...重要/有價(jià)值；③beattachedto喜歡，附屬于；④attachoneselftosb.纏著某人；⑤attachblametosb.把責(zé)任歸于某人。練習(xí)：1.Attacharecentphotographyourapplicationform.2.Heisattachedtheoldferries(渡輪).3.Withalabel(attach)toeachpieceofluggage,itiseasyforpassengerstorecognizetheirownluggage.4.Generallyspeaking,parents(非常重視)theirchildren’seducation.4.①giveaway倒塌，向下垮，讓步，退步；②giveawayto...向...讓步，被...取代；③giveaway捐贈(zèng)，暴露，泄露，頒發(fā)；④giveback歸還，使恢復(fù)；⑤giveoff發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱、聲音等）；⑥giveout發(fā)出（光、熱、信號(hào)等），分發(fā)，用完；⑦givein投降，屈服沒(méi)讓步；⑧giveup放棄，停止。練習(xí)：1.Theoldhouse(倒塌)andmanypeopleweretrappedundertheruins.2.Theheadmaster(頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品)tothewinnersatthesportsmeetinglastweek.3.Scientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplants(釋放出)VOCswhenbeingattacked.4.Bicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheywon’t(排放廢氣).5.aim&aimless&aimlessly(1)aimv.力求達(dá)到，瞄準(zhǔn)，針對(duì)；n.[C]目標(biāo)，目的；n.[U]瞄準(zhǔn)。①aimtodosth./aimatdoingsth.力爭(zhēng)/力求做某事；②aimforsth.努力爭(zhēng)取某物；③aim(sth.)at...(用某物)瞄準(zhǔn)某物，（使某物）針對(duì)某人；④beaimedat(doing)sth.旨在...，目的是...；⑤beaimedatsb.針對(duì)某人；⑥withtheaimof...以...為目的（=forthepurposeof...）；⑦achieveone’saim達(dá)到某人的目標(biāo)；⑧takeaimat...瞄準(zhǔn)...。(2)aimlessadj.無(wú)目標(biāo)的；(3)aimlesslyadv.毫無(wú)目標(biāo)地。練習(xí)：1.Iwasaimingthetreebuthitthecarbymistake.2.ShewenttothelibrarywiththeaimborrowinganEnglishnovel.3.Thenewtoy(aim)atchildrenhasbeenasurprisehitwithadults.4.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaim(find)outaboutthecockatoos?5.ElsiecametoChina(為了)acquiringagoodknowledgeofChinese.6.(為了阻止事故)atwork,therulesworkwell.6.sharp&sharpen&sharply(1)sharpenv.(使)變鋒利，(使)提高，使改進(jìn)；①sharpenone’sskills提高某人的技能；②sharpen(sth.)up改進(jìn)，提高；③sharpenyourpencil削鉛筆。(2)sharpadj.敏銳的，聰明的，鋒利的，急劇的，尖刻的，劇烈的；①keepasharpeyeonsb.密切注意某人；②haveasharpmind/brain有敏銳的頭腦；③asharppain一陣劇痛；④agirlofsharpintelligence聰穎的女孩；⑤asharpincrease/fallinprices價(jià)格的急劇上漲/下跌；⑥besharpwithsb.對(duì)某人說(shuō)話尖刻。(3)sharplyadv.急劇地，尖刻地，嚴(yán)厲地，鮮明地；(4)sharpenern.鉛筆刀。練習(xí)：1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.Anne(sharp)herpencilandtookoutherhomework.3.Priceshaverisen(sharp)overthelastfewmonths.4.Ihopethiscoursewillhelpme(提高我的計(jì)算機(jī)技能).用sharp的適當(dāng)形式填空5.“Inordertomakethepencil,youneedtobuya,andthenit,”themothertoldhersongentlyandnot.7.followinone’sfootsteps仿效某人，繼承某人（尤指家人）的事業(yè)【拓展】：followone’strack循著某人的足跡。練習(xí)：Infact,shewasnevergoingto(繼承祖母的事業(yè)).8.①carryon繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持；②carryondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事；③carryonwithsth.繼續(xù)某事；④carryout進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展，實(shí)行，執(zhí)行；⑤carrythrough把...進(jìn)行到底，完成。練習(xí)：1.Youjusthavetocarryasifnothinghadhappened.2.Hecarriedallhishomeworkinhalfanhour.3.Eachofyouwillberequiredtoplanand(開(kāi)展一項(xiàng)攝影專題眼球).9.①endupdoingsth.以做某事而告終；②endupwith...以...結(jié)束（后接表示具體事物的名詞）；③endupin...以...結(jié)束（后接表示抽象概念的名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞）；④endupas...最終成為...（后接表示職位或身份的名詞）；⑤endup+adj.以...結(jié)束；⑥endin...以...結(jié)束/告終；⑦bring/putanendtosth.=bringsth.toanend結(jié)束某事；⑧cometoanend結(jié)束，完結(jié)；⑨beatanend結(jié)束；⑩intheend最后，終于；?attheendof...在...盡頭/末尾；?bytheendof...到...結(jié)束時(shí)，到...時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗ǔＥc完成時(shí)連用）。練習(xí)：1.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendup(get)somethingyoudon’twant.2.Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleep,andyoumayjustendupsweetdreams.3.Youwillendupdebtifyoucarryonspendingmoneylikethat.選詞填空：atanend，intheend，attheendof4.Honestlyspeaking,Idowanttobuyasmartphonetheyear.5.Themeetingwas,butthepeoplestillstayedinthemeetinghall.6.Hetriedvariousjobsandbecameateacher.10.expectation&expect&expected(1)expectationn.預(yù)料，預(yù)期，期待①beyondone’sexpectations超出某人的預(yù)期；②against/contraryto(all)expectations出乎（所有人的）意料；③above/belowexpectations高于/低于預(yù)期；④in(the)expectationof...期待著....，預(yù)料...；⑤come/liveupto(one’s)expectations達(dá)到（某人的）預(yù)期。(2)expectv.期待，預(yù)料①expecttodosth.期待做某事；②expectsth.期待某物；③beexpectedtodosth.應(yīng)該做某事。(3)expectedadj.期待的，期望的練習(xí)：1.Atpresent,thejob(expect)ofyoungpeoplehaveincreased.2.AnneleftGermanytheexpectationofseeingherfamilyagainbeforeverylong.3.My(expect)isthattheassociationwillbreakupsoon.4.Hedeterminedto(不辜負(fù)公司的期望).11.①setout開(kāi)始，著手，動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；②setouttodosth.=setaboutdoingsth.開(kāi)始做某事；③setoutfor...動(dòng)身前往...；④setup建立，創(chuàng)立，建起，豎立；⑤setoff出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，使爆炸，引爆，引起，激發(fā)；⑥setdown寫下，記下；⑦setaside留出，拔出（金錢、時(shí)間等），把...擱到一邊，暫不考慮。練習(xí)：1.Theysetout(discover)acureforcancer.2.RalphWaldoEmersonwouldalwayssetnewideasthatoccurredtohim.3.Theschoolhassetaspecialclasstohelpthoseslowlearners.4.Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetouttherailwaystation.12.too...to...太...而不能...（表示否定意義）too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可與not...enoughto...或so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換；當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)不是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可在不定式前加上forsb.引出邏輯主語(yǔ)；too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)在下列情況中表示肯定意義：①too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中含有never，not等否定詞時(shí)；②too之前帶有only，simply，just等詞時(shí)；③too后接表示心理狀態(tài)或描述性的形容詞時(shí)，如anxious，ready，eager，glad，pleased，kind等。練習(xí)：1.Maryaskedafavourofme,butIwas(太忙而不能幫她).2.Theboxwas(太重，我提不起來(lái)).3.AsfarasIknow,theyare(急于離開(kāi)).4.Theyarealljust(很樂(lè)意做)thiswork.5.Thequestionis(不太難回答).6.湯姆太小了，不能去上學(xué)。因此，他媽媽在家照看他。Tomistoschool.Therefore,hismothertakescareofhimathome.13.make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“make+賓語(yǔ)+名詞”意為“使/讓某人/某物成為...”；“make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”意為“使某人/某物變得...”；“make+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的不定式”意為“（迫）使某人做某事”；“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”意為“使某人/某物被...”。【注意】：①當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成句式：make+it+名詞/形容詞+todo/從句；②makesb.dosth.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)該還原，即：sb.bemadetodosth.；③其他常見(jiàn)的“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)：find/leave/keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：1.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself(hear).2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade(learn).Healwaysworkshard.3.Smartphonesmakeeasierandmoreconvenienttowatchvideoclipsandchat.4.Themovie(使他成為一個(gè)明星)overnight,whichwasbeyondhisexpectations.5.PeopleintheWest(使它成為一個(gè)常規(guī))tobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.6.Theydidn’tknowthenativelanguage,sotheycouldn’t(使自己被理解).7.Thehostess(讓我們感覺(jué)像在家里一樣).14.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常跟在某些抽象名詞（如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，chance，doubt，question等）之后，用于解釋說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句也可以由連接代詞who，what，whose，which的連接副詞how，when，where，why以及whether引導(dǎo)。練習(xí)：1.Theideayoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.2.Wearedelightedatthenewsourteamhaswon.3.There’spossibilitywewilltraveltoEuropethissummervacation.4.Ihavenoideathecellphoneisn’tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?5.Theyarefacedwiththeproblemtheyshouldcarryon.6.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidenceplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.7.(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn))theeconomywillrecoverquickly.Unit3—SectionB1.comeoff(sth.)①（從某物上）脫落，掉落，分開(kāi)；②（從某物上）掉下，落下，摔倒。【拓展】其他come短語(yǔ)：①comeabout發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生；②comeacross偶然遇見(jiàn)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；③comeup走近，發(fā)生，被提到；④comeupwith想出，想到。練習(xí)：1.Isthisyournecklace,Mary?IcameitwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.2.Scientistshavecomeupashockingidea.2.cheatv.欺騙，作弊，欺詐；n.作弊，欺騙行為，騙子，作弊者①feelcheated感覺(jué)被騙了；②cheatsb.outofsth.騙取某人某物。練習(xí)：1.Inanelectionin1988,hewasaccusedof(cheat)byhisopponent.2.Shecheatedherlittlesisteroutsomemoney.3.Igaveallmymoneytohim,butnowIfeel(cheat)somehow.3.instant&instantly(1)instantadj.立即的，片刻的，方便的；n.瞬間，片刻，某一時(shí)刻；①instantcoffee/noddles速溶咖啡/方便面；②theinstant一...就...；③foraninstant一瞬間（指動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間）；④inaninstant立即，馬上（指動(dòng)作不久將發(fā)生）。(2)instantlyadv.立即，立刻，馬上；conj.一...就...。練習(xí)：1.Thebirdsflewawayinalldirectionsinstanttheycaughtsightofamancomingnear.2.Theseboysandgirlsjumpedwithjoy(instant)thechairmanannouncedtheresultofthegame.3.Theguardswiftlyputonhisuniform,fastenedhisbeltandenteredtheroyalpalaceininstant.4.(他一看見(jiàn)我),hewalkeduptome,wearingabigsmile.4.advanced&advance(1)advancedadj.先進(jìn)的，高級(jí)的，高等的；(2)advancevt.前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展；vt.促進(jìn)，提前；n.前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展。inadvance提前，預(yù)先練習(xí)：寫出下列句中advance的詞性和含義1.TheyusetheInternetasatooltoadvancetheirresearch.2.Informationtechnologyhasgreatlyadvancedsincethe1960s.單句語(yǔ)法填空3.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.4.Thecourseisintendedfor(advance)learners.5.participate&participation&participant(1)participatev.參加，參與；participatein(=takepartin)參加，參與;(2)participationn.參加，參與；(3)participantn.參與者，參加者。練習(xí)：1.Bothteamstrainfortwohoursadayandparticipatecompetitionsregularly.2.IsincerelyhopethatthefestivalwillbeagreatsuccessandI’mlookingforwardtoyour(participate).6.Sb.had(just)done...when...某人剛做完...這時(shí)...；【拓展】：①Sb.wasdoing...when...某人正在做...這時(shí)...；②Sb.wasabouttodo...when...=Sb.wasonthepointofdoing...when...某人正要做...這時(shí)...；【注意】：在以上句式中，when引出一個(gè)突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于andsuddenly或andatthattime.練習(xí)：1.Ihadjustgottotheofficemywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.2.David(look)atthemoonthroughhistelescopelastnightwhenhegotabigsurprise.3.I(剛剛打開(kāi)電腦)whenmyparentscameback.4.(我剛寫完家庭作業(yè))whenthetelephonerang.7.the+序數(shù)詞（+名詞）+todo...第...個(gè)做...的...不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的其他情況：①當(dāng)被修飾詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或theonly，thevery等修飾時(shí)；②當(dāng)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)；③抽象名詞ability，attempt，chance，promise，reason，time，way等后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。【注意】不定式與被修飾詞存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。練習(xí)：1.In1931,LauraJaneAddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman(win)theNobelPeacePrize.2.Heisalwaysthefirst(come)andthelasttoleave.3.IfIhavethechance(donate),Iwillalsohelpthestudentswithfinancialproblems.4.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).Unit3—SectionC1.involve&involved(1)involvevt.包含，牽涉，影響，（使）參加；①involvedoingsth.需要做某事；②involvesb.in(doing)sth.讓某人參與到（做）某事中。(2)involvedadj.參與的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的；be/become/getinvolvedin...與...有關(guān)系/有聯(lián)系?！咀⒁狻縤nvolved作前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)意義不同：例：thepeopleinvolved所涉及的人；aninvolvedplot復(fù)雜的情節(jié)【拓展】“與...有關(guān)系/有聯(lián)系”的其他表達(dá)：練習(xí)：1.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.2.Thereisagoodspeciallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecome(involve).3.Runningyourownbusinessusuallyinvolves(work)longhours.4.Ihaven’tbeenassociatedtheprojectoverthelastyear.5.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,(課堂上積極參與),andreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.6.Thejob(需要我在全國(guó)各地跑).2.burstv.突然出現(xiàn)，（使）爆裂，爆滿；n.爆炸，突發(fā)①burstonto突然出現(xiàn)在...（指突然成功）②burstinto突然闖入（房間或建筑），突然...起來(lái)；（into是介詞，后面要接賓語(yǔ)）③burstin突然闖入；（in是副詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)）④burstwithanger勃然大怒；⑤burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing突然大笑起來(lái)；⑥burstintotears=burstoutcrying突然大哭起來(lái)。練習(xí)：1.Heburstthefashionsceneintheearly1980s.2.Heburstwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.3.Thatballoon(burst)ifyoublowitupanymore.4.Theyweresomovedthattheyburstout(cry).5.Hearinghishumorousremarks,thewholeclass(哄堂大笑).6.Thedoorwassuddenlypushedopenandhe(沖進(jìn)屋里).3.assign&assignment(1)assignv.分配，分派，指派（任務(wù)）；①assignsb.sth.=assignsth.tosb.將某物分配給某人；②assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事；③assignsb.to...指派某人到...。(2)assignmentn.（分配的）任務(wù)，分派，工作。①schoolassignment學(xué)生作業(yè)；②onassignment受委派。練習(xí)：1.Theteacherassignedadifferenttaskeachofthechildren.2.Theyhaveassignedsomeone(watch)me24hoursaday.3.Youwillneedtocompletethreewritten(assign)persemester.4.IwasassignedtheEnglishDepartmentofouruniversity.5.SheisoneofourreportersassignmentinChina.4.payoff帶來(lái)好結(jié)果，取得成功，奏效，付清，還清，付清工資后解雇【注意】：payoff表示“取得成功，奏效”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【拓展】pay短語(yǔ)：①payback償還（全款）；②payavisitto參觀，拜訪；③payfor為...付錢，為...付出代價(jià)；④payattentionto注意。練習(xí)：1.Asaproverb,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Ourefforts(早晚會(huì)得到回報(bào)).2.I’dalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopaythecourse.3.WillyoupleasepayavisitTianjinagainsothatwemaymeetagain.5.defeatv.戰(zhàn)勝，打??；n.失敗，戰(zhàn)勝，擊?、賒efeattheenemy擊敗敵人；②be/getdefeatedby...被...打??；③abig/baddefeat大?。虎躠narrow/heavydefeat惜敗/慘??；⑤admitdefeat承認(rèn)失敗；⑥accept/facedefeat接受/面對(duì)失敗；⑦sufferadefeat=bedefeated遭遇失敗。【辨析】：defeat，beat與win①defeat與beat都可表示“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，常可互換，只是defeat比beat更正式，其后的賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽或戰(zhàn)斗的對(duì)手；②win便是“贏”，賓語(yǔ)通常是表示比賽或戰(zhàn)斗方面的名詞。練習(xí)：1.Theysuffereddefeatinthebattle.2.IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,we(defeat).3.Napoleon(被...擊敗)theDukeofWellingtonatthebattleofWaterloo.選詞填空：defeat，win4.Theythewaralthoughitcostthemmillionsoflives.5.Ourarmytheenemyinthatdecisivebattle.6.seizev.奪取，抓?、賡eizeachance/anappointment抓住機(jī)會(huì)/時(shí)機(jī)；②beseizedwith/by...被（強(qiáng)烈的情感、愿望等）影響；③seizesb.by...抓住某人的...（部位）；④seizefrom...從...奪走；⑤seizeholdof抓住。練習(xí)：1.“Leigh,”hesaid(seize)myarmtoholdmeback.2.Thefighters(seize)theenemy’sairportinasurpriseattack.3.Iwassuddenlyseizedafeelingofgreatinsecurityandloneliness.4.Themanseizedmethearmandbeggedmetobringhissonbacktolife.7.contribute&contribution&contributor(1)contributev.捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)，捐助；vi.促成，造成；v.（給報(bào)紙、雜志）撰稿，投稿。①contribute...to...把...貢獻(xiàn)給...，捐助...給...；②contributeto...有助于，有益于，導(dǎo)致；③contribute...to...把...投稿給...。(2)contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)，捐款makecontributions/acontributionto...為...作出貢獻(xiàn)(3)contributorn.投稿人，捐贈(zèng)者練習(xí)：寫出下列句中contribute的含義1.Mostpeoplecontributedsomethingtothenewchurchbuilding.2.Doesdrinkingpollutedwatercontributetothedisease.3.Thepoetandwriterregularlycontributestoamagazine.單句語(yǔ)法填空4.Edisonmadegreatcontributionstheworld.5.Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtherisingcostofmedicalcare.6.EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforhis(contribute)tophysics.7.QianXuesen,who(對(duì)...作出了突出貢獻(xiàn))thedevelopmentofChina’sspaceindustry,isoneofthebest-knownscientistsinCeration&cooperate(1)cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作①incooperationwith...與...合作；②withthecooperationof...在...的合作下。(2)cooperatevi.合作，協(xié)作，協(xié)助，配合①cooperatewith...與...合作；②cooperatetodosth.協(xié)同做某事。練習(xí)：1.Thesuccessofourplandependsonyour(cooperate).2.Mr.Whitehadpromisedtocooperateusbuthebrokehiswordatthelastminute.3.(在...的配合下)asecurityguard,theyopenedthedoor.4.Heagreedto(配合)thepoliceinvestigation.9.thekeyto......的關(guān)鍵/鑰匙/答案（to是介詞）【拓展】：①theentranceto......的入口；②theanswerto......的答案；③thesolutionto......的解決辦法；④theapproachto......的方法；⑤avisitto...到...的拜訪/訪問(wèn)；⑥atripto...到...的旅行。練習(xí)：1.Hefinallygot(這道數(shù)學(xué)題的答案).2.Hethoughtof(這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決辦法)almostbyaccident.3.Hisnewbookpresents(解決這個(gè)難題的新方法).9.fightone’sway奮斗前進(jìn)，努力開(kāi)辟（可與out，through連用）【拓展】：①feelone’sway抹黑走，摸索前進(jìn)，謹(jǐn)慎行事；②findone’swayto找到去某地的路；③inone’sway擋某人的路；④push/forceone’sway擠過(guò)；⑤loseone’sway迷路；⑥onone’swayto在去...的路上；⑦makeone’sway前進(jìn)，前往。練習(xí)：1.Thesurroundedsoldiers(殺出了一條生路).2.He(摸索著穿過(guò)房間)whenthelightswentout.3.Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhasto(找到出路).4.Theman(在沙塵暴中迷了路)andcrossedtheborderbymistake.5.Thedoctor(擠過(guò)人群).10.upsanddowns盛衰，浮沉，悲歡，起落【拓展】：①upsanddownsoflife人生的起起落落；②upsanddownsofone’scareer某人事業(yè)的興衰；③upsanddownsofacountry國(guó)家的榮辱；【拓展】常見(jiàn)反義詞短語(yǔ)：①upanddown來(lái)來(lái)回回，往返，起伏，上下波動(dòng)；②backandforth來(lái)回；③dayandnight日日夜夜；④hereandthere到處；⑥soonerorlater遲早；⑦moreorless或多或少；⑧nowandthen有時(shí)，偶爾。練習(xí)：1.Theteamhadits(起起落落)duringtheseason.2.Theywere(跳上跳下)andscreamingexcitedly.3.Igottocommunicatewithmyteachersaboutthehomework(有時(shí)).4.Hepaced(來(lái)回).11.setoff①出發(fā)，動(dòng)身：常用于“setofffor+地點(diǎn)”結(jié)構(gòu)；②使（炸彈等）爆炸；③引發(fā)，激起?！就卣埂科渌鹲et短語(yǔ)：①setaside把...放到一邊，省出，留出；②setdown寫下，記下；③setup建起，豎起，建立，創(chuàng)立；④setout出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，陳述，闡明；⑤setaboutdoing=setouttodo著手做。練習(xí)：1.RalphW.Emersonwouldalwayssetnewideasthatoccurredtohim.2.Onhisarrival,hesetabout(read)Englishwords.3.Wesetout(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.4.TheUNsettheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.5.Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforetheysetontheirlifejourney.12.onone’sfeet站起來(lái)，站立著，恢復(fù)健康【拓展】①rise/jumptoone’sfeet站起身來(lái)/跳起來(lái)；②struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來(lái)；③standonone’sownfeet自立，獨(dú)立；④setfootinsth.進(jìn)入某處，踏進(jìn)某處。練習(xí)：1.Manypeopleare(站立著),listeningtotheheadmaster.2.Theoldmanslowly(站起身來(lái))andleftthemeetingroom.3.Shesworeshewouldnever(踏進(jìn))hishouseagain.13.becaughtupin被卷入，陷入【拓展】：①becaughtin突然遭遇（風(fēng)暴等）；②catchupwith趕上；③catchholdof抓?。虎躢atchsightof看見(jiàn)；⑤catchacold患感冒；⑥catchone’sattention/interest引起某人的注意/興趣；⑦catchsb.doingsth.撞見(jiàn)某人正在做某事。練習(xí)：1.(被困在)asandstormwithgreatstrength,hecouldn’twalkanyfarther.2.We(突然遭遇)arainstormonthewayhereandwerewetthrough.3.Ifyouarecaught(cheat)intheexam,youcanhardlygetawaywithit.4.Iwascaughtastormonmywaytoschool.14.“go+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)go用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常表示主語(yǔ)處于某種狀態(tài)或由某種狀態(tài)向另一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變，后面多接形容詞作其表語(yǔ)，此類形容詞往往意義不佳，比如：gohungry（挨餓），gothirsty（忍受口渴），gomad（發(fā)狂）等。常與有關(guān)顏色的形容詞連用，大多數(shù)表示情況變化的結(jié)果或程度；當(dāng)某人或某物的情況變壞時(shí)（一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種變化是不可逆的或永久性的），也常用“go+形容詞”來(lái)表示，即由正常情況變?yōu)椴徽；蛱厥馇闆r。練習(xí)：1.Thechildren(欣喜如狂).2.He(氣得臉都紅了).3.Thegrasswas(變綠了).4.Thesituation(越來(lái)越糟).5.Shewascertainthattheyoungman(已經(jīng)發(fā)瘋).15.see+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)see+賓語(yǔ)+doing，看見(jiàn)...正在看...；see+賓語(yǔ)+do，看見(jiàn)...做了...；變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前要加to；see+賓語(yǔ)+done，看見(jiàn)...被做...。練習(xí)：1.Hefeltembarrassedwhenhesawthewholeclass(stare)athim.2.Thechildrenwasseen(tremble)withcoldastarton.3.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.4.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish(speak)asmuchaswecan.5.WhenIpassedby,Isawamanentertheoffice.=WhenIpassedby,amanbyme.16.過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨等。過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)要與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，句子主語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞（詞組），如when，until，though，although，asif，asthough，if，unless等，表時(shí)間、讓步、方式、條件等。句子主語(yǔ)跟過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，跟現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)要一致，如果主語(yǔ)不一致，要在分詞前加上邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。練習(xí)：1.(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.2.Threemoredancersappearedonthestage,(accompany)bytherhythmofmusic.3.(amaze)athowskillfultheywere,Ideterminedtobejustasgoodasthem.4.(surround)byfields,mountainsandrivers,theOldTownofLijianglookslikeajadeinkstoneinspringandsummer.5.(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.6.(encourage)bytheadvanceintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.7.(order)aweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.Unit3單元語(yǔ)法——?jiǎng)用~作主語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)名詞概述動(dòng)名詞（doing）由“動(dòng)詞+-ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞具備了名詞的特點(diǎn)和作用，可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，還可以做定語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，也具備了動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上是指動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下表所示：時(shí)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式doingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone注意：否定形式是在以上4中形式之前加not。1.動(dòng)名詞的一般式動(dòng)名詞的一般式，主要表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，沒(méi)有明確的發(fā)生時(shí)間。如果是一次性動(dòng)作或事件，一般為發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作。2.動(dòng)名詞的完成式動(dòng)名詞的完成式，主要用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。3.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！咀⒁狻浚簞?dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)取決于動(dòng)名詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式；動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式。4.動(dòng)名詞的否定式動(dòng)名詞的否定式由“not+動(dòng)名詞”組成。5.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即含有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。為了說(shuō)明動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作的施事者（動(dòng)作發(fā)出者），需要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上邏輯主語(yǔ)。代詞用賓格代詞或物主代詞表示，名詞用普通格或所有格表示，這便構(gòu)成了名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。練習(xí)：1.(make)notesisamostimportantwaytostudyEnglish.2.(read)Englishaloudwilldoyoualotofgood.3.Asthesayinggoes,it’snouse(cry)overspiltmilk.4.(be)keptwaitingforalongtimemadehimveryangry.5.Mary’s(go)thereisofnohelptotheirwork.二、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)法作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。由and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若主語(yǔ)指向同一個(gè)內(nèi)容，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)。動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)有以下幾種常見(jiàn)情況：1.直接位于句首作主語(yǔ)；2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)；把動(dòng)名詞后置，常見(jiàn)于“It’snouse/nogood/fun/apleasure...”和“It’suseful/useless/nice/worthwhile...”等句式中。3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)練習(xí)：1.(be)abletospeakaforeignlanguagefluentlyisagreatadvantagewhenyouarelookingforajob.2.Never(watch)newsonsmartphoneshasbecomearoutineformygrandfather.3.It’snogood(complain)--theyneverlisten.4.It’snofun(stay)athomeandnevergoinganywhere.5.Children’s(waste)timeinelectronicgamesmakestheirparentsworried.三、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空A（基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)）1.(give)waytodifficultiesmeansyouhavealreadyfailed.2.Thesmallwhiterabbitkept(bounce)upanddown.3.Histeammatesaysthisknifeneeds(sharpen).4.Hisfatherwasaminister,butDr.Kingresisted(follow)inhisfather’sfootsteps.5.Weneverhavetoworryabout(carry)onaconversationwithouropponents.6.Ithink(cheat)insomeexaminationsisagainstthelaw.7.(do)yogaisoneofthebestwaystomakeyourselfhealthyandmorebeautiful.8.Roller(skate)isaverypopularsportinChinainrecentyears.9.Thegirlcarrieson(burst)intotearsovernothingallday.10.Organizationsfunctionby(assign)differenttaskstodifferentindividualsandgroups.11.Manypeopleexperiencedifficultiesin(pay)offtheirdebts.12.Heperseveredin(do)exercise,andhisintenseeffortsfinallypaidoff.13.Shekepton(sing)fourorfivesongsinarow.14.Aperson’ssuccessliesinchanginghimselfinsteadof(defeat)hisopponents.15.Onlyby(seize)everyminutecanwefinishtheworkontime.16.Inthetournament,ourplayershadnodifficulty(defeat)theiropponents.17.Teamworkandcooperationplayanimportantrolein(compete)withstrongopponents.18.Myteammatesshowedremarkableendurancein(fight)againsthisillness.19.Herphilosophyoflifeis(seize)everyopportunitythatpresentsitself.20.(be)anastronautis