大學英語四級仔細閱讀專項強化真題試卷6(題后含答案及解析)

大學英語四級仔細閱讀專項強化真題試卷6(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solve”problems—realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired—nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings—hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息交流中心)forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham(欺詐)ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems—classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being—mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic(官僚的)mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway—thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice:itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A．Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.B．Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C．Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.D．Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。由定位句可知，從作者自己的親身經(jīng)歷來看，雖然雇用的行政人員越來越多，可教育面臨的真正的問題卻日趨嚴重，這就是當今的大學，由此推斷，當今大學面臨的問題就是行政人員過多，故答案為C)。2．Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?A．Goodclassroomteachers.B．Efficientadministrators.C．Talentedresearchers.D．Motivatedstudents.正確答案：A解析：推理判斷題。定位句提到，眾多問題都可以通過削減官僚機構和會議，同時雇用一大批優(yōu)秀的教師來解決，由此推斷，大學缺乏的應該是好老師，故答案為A)。3．Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A．Theyfacilitatestudents’independentlearning.B．Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C．Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D．Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.正確答案：D解析：推理判斷題。定位句指出，如果我們能將半數(shù)的行政人員用課堂教師來代替，那么我們就可以把每個班級中學生的數(shù)量降至20人或更少，而這樣的環(huán)境才有利于老師和學生彼此真正了解，因此作者暗示目前的班級學生人數(shù)過多，故答案為D)。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?A．Itrequirestalentandpractice.B．Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.C．Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents’learning.D．Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.正確答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。定位句提到教書是一門藝術，也是手藝，教書需要天分和積累，并非每個人都能勝任，故答案為A)。5．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?A．Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.B．Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.C．Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.D．Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.正確答案：B解析：推理判斷題。在第三段的首句中，作者提出我們的眾多問題都可以通過多雇用優(yōu)秀的教師來解決。在第四段首句中，作者指出老師必須被給予以自己的方式授課的自由才能實現(xiàn)課程目標，故答案為B)。Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago—byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards—likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals—stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,”saysReimann.“Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills.‘Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope—astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.“Inotherwords,there’sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa(溫泉療養(yǎng))weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant—andmakeyoueatalittleless.6．WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald’sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?A．Itmayshedlightonpeople’sdesiretocrackasecret.B．IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald’sbusinesssuccess.C．Itappealstokid’scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.D．Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.正確答案：D解析：推理判斷題。定位段指出，麥當勞歡樂套餐中的玩具可以和食物一樣刺激大腦中的獎賞中樞，讓人們吃得少，還可以感受到快樂，故答案為D)。7．WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?A．ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald’smore.B．Mostkidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.C．Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.D．Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。定位句指出，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，絕大多數(shù)的孩子和成年人都愿意選擇帶有獎勵的減半食物。此處的他們是指代上一段中提到的萊曼領導的研究人員，故答案為D)。8．WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann’sfinding?A．Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.B．Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.C．Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.D．Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.正確答案：B解析：事實細節(jié)題。定位句中提到，更為有趣的是，一個對未來獎勵的承諾足以讓成年人選擇小份食物，故答案為B)。9．HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?A．Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.B．Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.C．Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.D．Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.正確答案：A解析：語義理解題。本題問到萊曼如何解讀他的研究。文章的第三、四、五段都是對萊曼及其領導的研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述。從第六段起，他開始分析其研究結果。該段首句即提出，從理論上來說，是這些無形獎勵中的感情成分使得這些獎勵起了作用，這就是他對研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的解讀，故答案為A)。10．WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann’sfinding?A．Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.B．MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.C．Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.D．Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.正確答案：C解析：推理判斷題。題目中問到我們能從萊曼的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中推斷出什么。萊曼的研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們愿意為獎品放棄大份食物，而當這種獎品存在某種不確定性時，對人們的吸引力更大，這是由于人們的欲望被不確定性所刺激。文章最后一段提出，如果飯店能利用這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，設置一些獎勵，不僅可以讓顧客再次光臨，也可以讓人們吃得更少，故答案為C)?！癝ugar,alcoholandtobacco,”economistAdamSmithoncewrote,“arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation.“Twoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico’staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches—includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes—willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.11．WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco?A．Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B．Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C．Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D．Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。第一段通過亞當·斯密的話引入對糖、酒、煙征稅的話題。該段中有三個由which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞commodities，由第三個定語從句可知，糖、酒、煙是極為受歡迎的征稅對象。C)“幾乎所有的地方都對它們征稅”符合原文，故本題答案為C)。12．Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A．Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B．Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C．Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D．Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.正確答案：B解析：事實細節(jié)題。第二段提到，許多政府開始考慮征收糖稅。第二句中With引出的是原因狀語，表明征收糖稅的原因在于激增的肥胖水平給公共衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)帶來巨大的壓力。B)“他們覺得應對由糖引起的健康問題越來越困難”符合原文提到的原因，故本題答案為B)。13．WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A．Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B．Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C．ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D．Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.正確答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。第三段討論了糖、酒、煙稅的有效性問題。墨西哥的酒稅是有效的，但是丹麥征收的高脂肪食品稅卻在執(zhí)行一年后就被廢除了，因為消費者為避免納稅可以跨境去德國購買能滿足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食品。由此可知，A)“沒有像預期的那樣有效”符合原文意思，故本題答案為A)。14．Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A．Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B．Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C．Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers’needs.D．Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。第六段指出，食品公司也在采取措施提高自己產(chǎn)品的質量。之前采取的方式是要么減少糖、鹽或脂肪的含量，要么找替代成分。但是最近的努力方向是學習如何調整食品的基本物質構成。因此D)“調整其產(chǎn)品的物質構成”是對原文的轉述，故本題答案為D)。15．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,”Thereisnosilverbullet”(Line4,Para.7)?A．Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B．Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C．Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D．Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople’ssugarconsumption.正確答案：A解析：語義理解題。第七段是對全文的總結，作者指出改善公共健康需要多方面的措施，包括重新設計配方、征稅和調整各成分含量等。Thereisnosilverbullet．是對第三句的總結和進一步說明，A)“該問題沒有唯一的輕松快速解決的方案”是對該句的最好解釋，故本題答案為A)。Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel’sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16—lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization’sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence.“Especiallygirlsandteens,”saysRecord.“Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines.“That’sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食癥)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.It’scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsareparticularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandstomaintainextremethinness.Record’ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiringmodelswithaBMIbelow18.InApril,Francepassedalawsettinglowerlimitsforamodel’sweight.AgentsandfashionhouseswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder18couldpay$82,000infinesandspendupto6monthsinjail.RegulatingthefashionindustryintheUnitedStateswon’tbeeasy,Recordsays.ButwiththenewrulesinFrance,U.S.supportcouldmakeadifference.“Adesignercan’tsurvivewithoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek”,shesays,adding,”O(jiān)urargumentisthatthesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashionWeek.“16．WhatdoRecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels’bodymass?A．Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.B．Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.C．Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.D．Itaffectsmodels’healthandsafety.正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。第二段說明雷科德和奧斯汀對模特體重的觀點，第一句第一個and之后的tworesearchers指的就是這兩人，他們認為模特的體重應