大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

1."Family"isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof"family"initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.Thus,everyBritishmarriageindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily—hencethetremendousimportanceofmarriageinBritishlife.Forboththemanandthewoman,marriagemeansleavingone'sparentsandstartingone'sownlife.Theman'sfirstdutywillthenbetohiswife,andthewife'stoherhusband.Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.Theirchildrenwillbetheircommonresponsibilityandtheirsalone.Neitherthewife'sparentsnorthehusband's,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.

ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAustin's"PrideandPrejudice"willknowthatinformertimesmarriageamongwealthyfamilieswasarrangedbythegirl'sparents,thatis,itwastheparents'dutytofindasuitablehusbandfortheirdaughter,preferablyarichone,andbyskillfulencouragementtoleadhimeventuallytoasktheirpermissiontomarryher.Untilthattime,thegirlwasprotectedandmaintainedintheparents'home,andthefinancialreliefofgettingridofhercouldbeseenintheirgivingthenewlymarriedpairasumofmoneycalledadowry.Itisverydifferenttoday.Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults.Agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.

1.

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Familyisofcourseanelasticword"?B

A.

Differentfamilieshavedifferentwaysoflife.

B.

Differentdefinitionscouldbegiventotheword.

C.

Differentnationshavedifferentfamilies.

D.

Differenttimesproducedifferentfamilies.2.

ForanEnglishfamily,thehusband'sdutyis___________.C

A.

supportingthefamilywhilethewife'sisfinancial

B.

defendingthefamilywhilethewife'sisrunningthehome

C.

financialwhilethewife'sisrunningthehome

D.

independentwhilethewife'sisdependent3.

Everythingisdecidedinafamily_________.A

A.

bythecouple

B.

withthehelpoftheirparents

C.

bybrothersandsisters

D.

withthehelpofauntsanduncles4.

Whatistrueconcerningthebook"PrideandPrejudice"?C

A.

Itisthebestbookonmarriage.

B.

Itisahandbookofmarriage.

C.

ItgivesquitesomeideaofEnglishsociallifeinthepast.

D.

Itprovidesalotofinformationofformer-timewealthyfamilies.5.

WithregardtomarriageinBritain,present-daygirlsdifferfromformer-timegirlsin_______.C

A.

therighttogetmarried

B.

moreparentalsupport

C.

choosinghusbands

D.

socialposition2.

Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthevaluesoftheculture.Citiescontaintheverybestaspectsofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety:violentcrime,racialconflict,andpoverty.Americancitiesarechanging,justasAmericansocietyischanging.

AfterWorldWarII,cityresidentsbecamewealthier,moreprosperous.Theyhadmorechildren.Theyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs,areasnearacitywherepeoplelive.Theseareareaswithoutmanyofficesorfactories.Duringthe1950stheAmerican"dream"wastohaveahouseinthesuburbs.

Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenowadults.They,unliketheirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.Manyyoungprofessionals,doctors,lawyers,andexecutives,aremovingbackintothecity.Manyaresingle;othersaremarried,butoftenwithoutchildren.Theypreferthecitytothesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;theyareafraidoftherateinyourneighborhood,ormaybeyourbusinessisnotdoingaswellasitusedtobecausetourismisdownduetoincreasedterrorisminyourpartoftheworld.Whateveryoudo,whereveryougo,youareavictimofcrimewhetheryoulikeitornot,whetheryouknowitornot.

Crime,especiallyviolentcrime,hasrisentoapointwheremanypeopleareafraidtowalkaloneintheirownneighbourhoods,afraidtoopentheirdoorafterdark.

Expertargueswhetherthenumberofcrimescommittedisactuallyontherise.Thisissueisparticularlytrueincasesoffamilyviolence,theabuseofhusbands,wivesorchildren.Throughoutmuchofhistory,casesoffamilyviolenceandneglectoftenwentunreportedbecauseoftheattitudeofsociety,whichconsideredfamilymatterstobeprivate.

1.

WhichdescriptionaboutcrimeisNOTcorrect,accordingtothepassage?D

A.

Itisthemostwidespreadproblem.

B.

Ithasthemostdistantorigin.

C.

Ithasmanyforms.

D.

Ithasverylittletodowithordinarypeople.2.

"Taxevasion"inthefirstparagraphmeans____.A

A.

"notpayingduetaxes"

B.

"imposingtaxesonothers"

C.

"collectingtaxes"

D.

"payingoverduetaxes"3.

Accordingtotheauthor,peoplebecamevictimsofcrime____.B

A.

onlywhentheyarerobbedorkidnapped

B.

eventheyarenotdirectlyinvolvedinanycrime

C.

whentheywitnesssomecrimescenes

D.

becausetheytendtocommitcertaincrime4.

Violentcrimenowadays____.C

A.

ismostwidespread

B.

arousesgreatestattention

C.

issevererthaneverbefore

D.

makespeoplelessself-confident5.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.B

A.

casesoffamilyviolenceareontherise

B.

therehavebeenmorecasesoffamilyviolencethanthoserecorded

C.

casesoffamilyviolencearefewerthanthoseofothercrimes

D.

victimsoffamilyviolencedon’treportforfearoflosingface5.Longhoursatthescreencancauseachingeyes,blurredvisionandheadaches,expertssay.Infact,eyestrainsurpassesevenwristpainasthetopphysicalcomplaintamongheavycomputerusers.

Whenpeeringintothecomputerscreen,theeye'sfocusingmuscleisatconstanttension.Likeanymuscle,itfeelssorewhenoverloaded.Andwhensomeonespendsalotoftimelookingatsomethingclose,theeyemusclecangetstuckonthenear-focussettingandhavedifficultyrelaxing,leavingthepersontemporarilynearsighted,aconditioncalledaccommodativespasm(痙攣)thatcanlastsecondsorhours.

Thisiswhyafterlookingatamonitorallday,somecomputerworkerscomplainthattheirdistancevisionisblurredwhentheyattempttodrivehome.

Thelettersonthescreenarenotasclearlydefinedasonaprintedpage.Takeamagnifyingglasstoyourmonitorandyou'llseetheletters,eachmadeupofpinpointsourcesoflight,havenosharpedges.Butthoseliquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)monitors,likethosefoundonlaptopcomputers,areeasierontheeyesbecausetheydisplaysharperimages.

Andstudieshaveshownthatwhenpeopleareworkingonacomputer,theirrateofblinkinggoesdownbytwo-thirds,whichcanresultindry,stingingeyes.Thisisespeciallyaproblemforcontact-lenseswearers.

1.

___usedtobethebiggestphysicalproblemthatcomputerusershad.D

A.

Dryeyes

B.

Blurredvision

C.

Headache

D.

Wristpain2.

Workinghoursbeforethescreenwill_____.A

A.

imposetoomuchburdenontheeye’sfocusingmuscle

B.

bringaboutnear-sightedness

C.

makeitdifficultfortheusertolearndriving

D.

magnifythelettersonthescreen3.

LCDmonitorsarebetterintermsofeyeprotectingbecause___.D

A.

theyaremoreexpensive

B.

theywillnotblurtheuser'seyes

C.

theybringaboutnoeyeproblems

D.

theydisplayletterswithsharpedges4.

Dry,stingingeyesarecausedby___.A

A.

lowerrateofblinkingofthecomputeruser'seyes

B.

lettersonthescreenwithoutanyedges

C.

overburdenonthefocusingmuscle

D.

aconstanttension5.

Whichgroupofpeoplearemostlikelytogetdry,stingingeyes?D

A.

Drivers.

B.

Doctors.

C.

Glasseswearers.

D.

Contact-lenseswearers.6.Convenient,nutritious,cheapandavailableyearround,carrotsarenotjustforrabbits.ButtheEasterBunnywouldcertainlyapproveofacarrotdishaspartofaholidaymeal.

Becauseoftheirnaturalsweetness,carrotshavelongbeenpartofthedessertmenuaswellasthesaladbar.IntheMiddleAges,carrotswereusedinsweetcakesandotherdesserts.TheyarestillusedinsweetsintheMiddleEastandAsia,andareoftenpreservedinjams.InCalifornia,carrotjuiceispopular.

CarrotswerefirstcultivatedincentralAsiaandtheMiddleEast,andusedasamedicineratherthanasavegetable.Butcarrotsweren’talwaysorange.Inthe10thcentury,theywerewhiteorpurple.TheDutchdevelopedorangecarrotsinthe1600s.

Carrotsareagreatconveniencefood.They’reinexpensiveandavailableyearround.Andevenchildrenwhowon'ttouchothervegetableseatcarrots.

Choosecarrotswithabright,evencolorandsmoothskin.Avoidlimp(萎蔫的)ones,whicharepasttheirprime.Pickmedium-sizedcarrots,whicharesweeterandmoreflavorfulthansmallones,andmoretenderthanlarger,morematurecarrots.

Beforestoring,cutoffanygreens,sincetheycanabsorbmoisture.Avoidstoringcarrotsnearapples,whichemitagasthatcangivecarrotsabittertaste.

1.

Whichisnotanadvantageofcarrotsmentionedinthepassage?C

A.

Easytoget.

B.

Fullofnutrients.

C.

Afavoritefoodforrabbits.

D.

Sweetness.2.

Carrotswerefirstusedto____.A

A.

dealwithillnesses

B.

makesweets

C.

absorbmoisture

D.

feedrabbits3.

Carrotswereprobably____in12th.C

A.

red

B.

orange

C.

white

D.

green4.

Whatkindofcarrotstastebest?C

A.

Small,freshones.

B.

Big,smoothones.

C.

Medium-sized,smoothones.

D.

Big,limpones.5.

Accordingtothepassage,carrots____.D

A.

arenotusedinsweetsnowadays

B.

arethemostnutritiousfoodforchildren

C.

canbeusedtocurecancers

D.

cannotbeputtogetherwithapples7.TheSwedesareamongthemostcharmingpeoplesinEurope.Andtheircharmcomesfromanapparentcontradictioninthenationalcharacter.Theyareextremelyconservativeinsocialrelationships;withinthefamilyandwhenmeetingfriendsandbusinessacquaintances,theirconductisgovernedbystrictsocialpatterns.Atthesametime,theyareoneofthemostintellectuallyprogressivepeopleintheworld.Theyarealwaysopentonewideas.

AllsocialoccasionsinSwedenareregulatedbyrulesandtraditions.Andthesetraditionsareexpressedinaspecificritual(儀式)madeupofformalbows,handshakes,andgreetings.WhenavisitorentersaSwedishhome,heisinvariablyreceivedwitha"Welcome";whenheleaves,hishostwilltellhim"Youwillbewelcomeagain".ThesecharmingphrasesareanindestructiblepartofSwedishsociallifeandtheygiveitanold-worldflavorofgoodmanners.

EquallyattractiveistheSwedishacceptanceofmoderntechnologicalequipment.AtravelerneverneedstosearchforatelephoneinSweden:telephoneboothsareplacedatregularintervalsalongthemainstreetsandhighways.Andinchurch,forexample,longbenchesarefittedwithhearingaidsforworshipperswhomaybehardofhearing.SwedishhomesareamongthebestequippedintheworldandtravelersinSwedenfindtheirjourneysmadeeasybytheuseofthemostefficientmoderndevices.

1.

ThecontradictionoftheSwedescanbefoundin____.B

A.

theirstrictnessinsocialactivitiesandfriendlinessinentertainingguests

B.

theirconservedattitudetowardssocialrelationshipsandopennesstoinitiativeideas

C.

theirclearlysetsocialpatternsandenthusiasmaboutbigparties

D.

theirspecificritualandconcernaboutgoodmanners2.

"Invariably"inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedwith___.D

A.

"often"

B.

"usually"

C.

"sometimes"

D.

"always"3.

ItcannotbeinferredfromthepassagethattheSwedesare____.A

A.

hard-working

B.

polite

C.

considerate

D.

efficient4.

Accordingtothepassage,theSwedishsocialritualdoesn'tinclude____.D

A.

greetings

B.

bows

C.

handshaking

D.

embraces5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?C

A.

Peoplecanhearthepriestmoreclearlywiththehearingaidsinthechurch.

B.

TheSwedes'homesareamongthebestequippedonesintheworld.

C.

TravelerswillbemostsatisfiedwhentravelinginSweden.

D.

It'sveryconvenienttomakeacallinboothsinSweden.8.ThefirstcelebrationsinhonorofmotherswereheldinthespringinancientGreece.TheypaidtributetoRhea,theMotheroftheGods.

IntheUnitedStates,JuliaWardHowesuggestedtheideaofMother'sDayin1872.Howe,whowrotethewordstotheBattleHymnoftheRepublic,sawMother'sDayasbeingdedicatedtopeace.

AnnaJarvisofPhiladelphiaiscreditedwithbringingabouttheofficialobservanceofMother'sDay.Hercampaigntoestablishsuchaholidaybeganasaremembranceofhermother,whodiedin1905andwhohad,inthelate19thcentury,triedtoestablish"Mother'sFriendshipDays"asawaytohealthescarsoftheCivilWar.

Twoyearsafterhermotherdied,JavisheldaceremonyinGrafton,WestVirginiatohonorher.Shewassomovedbytheproceedingsthatshebeganamassivecampaigntoadoptaformalholidayhonoringmothers.In1910,WestVirginiabecamethefirststatetorecognizeMother'sDay.Ayearlater,nearlyeverystateofficiallymarkedtheday.In1914,PresidentWoodrowWilsonofficiallyproclaimedMother'sDayasanationalholidaytobeheldonthesecondSundayofMay.

Today,manycelebrationsofMother'sDayareheldthroughouttheworld.Althoughtheydonotallfallatthesametime,suchcountriesasDenmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,AustraliaandBelgiumalsocelebrateMother'sDayonthesamedayastheUnitedStates.

1.

Mother'sDaywasregardedasanationwideofficialholidayintheU.S.in____.

A.

1872

B.

1905

C.

1910

D.

19142.

HowesuggestedpeopletoobserveMother'sDayfor___.A

A.

peace

B.

comfortingmothers

C.

love

D.

honoringGod3.

Javis'mother____.C

A.

workedhardtogainofficialrecognitionofMother'sDay

B.

helpstarttheobservanceofMother'sFriendshipDays

C.

wantedtodosomethingtohelppeoplerecoverfromtheCivilWar

D.

instructedJavistostartacampaignforMother'sDay4.

JavisstartedthecampaignforMother'sDayin____.C

A.

1872

B.

1905

C.

1907

D.

19105.

WhichdescriptionaboutMother'sDayistrue?C

A.

HowewasthefirstpersoncomingupwiththeideaofMother'sDay.

B.

JavisstartedthecampaignforMother'sDayattherequestofhermother.

C.

Mother'sDaydoesn’tnecessarilyfallsonthesameday.

D.

AlltheStatesintheU.S.startedtoobserveMother'sDaybefore1910.9.Withthecurrentmoodofglobaluncertaintyandaneconomicrecession,peoplearelikelytosufferfromincreasedstress,depressionandanxiety.Thesepsychologicalsymptoms,inanewtwisttotheoldsayingof"mindovermatter",canleadtoactualphysicalproblems.

Themindandthebodyareintegratedsystem.It'slikeaweb.Ifonepartisdisturbed,itwilldirectly,orindirectly,affectanotherpart.Hence,psychologicalandemotionalreactionswilltriggerphysicalresponses.

Whenapersonfeelsathreattohiswell-being,thebrainreactsbyreleasingchemicals.Forexample,theadrenalglandinthebrainmayreleaseadrenaline(腎上腺素)whichpreparesthebodytorespondtophysicalthreats.Thebrain'sneuro-chemistryprogramsapersontoreactinoneoftheclassicways:fight,flightorfright.

Areyousleepingwell?Areyoueatingwell?Areyouworkingorstudyingwell?Anymentalhealthproblemwouldaffectthesethreeareasofbehavior.Somepeopledealwithstressandanxietybyturningtoreligion,othersbytalkingtofriendsandfamily.Butthereareotheroptions.

Exerciseisagoodoutlet.Playagame.Gojogging.Youwillbeconcentratingondoingsomething.Thereisatargettobeachievedandwilloccupyyourmind.GoKaraokesinginganddancingwithfriends.Theworstthingtodoissitathomeandthink.

1.

Whatdoes"mindovermatter"inthefirstparagraphmean?C

A.

Mindisbetterthanmatter.

B.

Neverloseyourmind.

C.

Mindismoreimportant.

D.

Thinkbeforeyouact.2.

Themindandthebodyare____.C

A.

irrelative

B.

isolated

C.

interrelated

D.

interchangeable3.

WhichisNOToneoftheclassicwaysthatpeoplereacttostress?D

A.

Trytostrugglewithit.

B.

Trytoescapefromit.

C.

Becomeworried.

D.

Startafightwithothers.4.

WhichisNOTlistedasawaytoreleasestress?D

A.

Talkingtopeopleclosetoyou.

B.

Believinginareligion.

C.

Doingjogging.

D.

Goingtoseeadoctor.5.

PeoplecanNOTreducestressthrough____.D

A.

talking

B.

dancing

C.

exercising

D.

drinking10Narcissuswasahandsomeyouth.Hislovelyfaceandgracefulformweretheadmirationofallwholookeduponhim.Andheknewit.Hewassoproudthathethoughtnoonebuthimselfwasworthytoseehisyouthfulbeauty.Narcissusavoidedallcompany,justroamedthewoodedhillseveryday,madlyinlovewithhimself.

Whenhewasdelightfullywanderingaboutthroughthewoodsoneday,awoodnymph(仙女),Echobyname,caughtsightofhim.Shefellinloveforhimatonce.JoyfullymovingdowntowardsNarcissus,shestretchedoutherlovingarms.Toherdisappointment,however,theyoungmanroughlybrushedherasideandwentbywithoutsomuchasaglanceather.Thepoornymphblushedandquicklywithdrewtoashadyspot,followingtheobjectofherlovewithherlongingeyes.

PresentlyNarcissusstoppedtodrinkfromalittlebrook.Kneelingdownontheside,hesawalovelyfaceintheclearwater.Hesmiledandwassmiledbackto.Thinkingthatitmustbeabeautyinlovewithhim,hebentdowntokissher.Butassoonashetouchedtheclearsurfacethelovelyfacevanished.Theyouthwasnowdesperate.Neverhadhebeendespisedlikethatbefore.Dayandnight,hestayedatthestreamwithoutdrinkingandeating.Beforelonghedied,neversuspectingthathisnymphwasnoneotherthanhisownimageinthebrook.Thegodstookpityonthefaircorpseandturneditintoaflowerbearinghisname.

Echosawallthis,slowlyshefadedawayfordespisedlove,untilatlastnothingremainedofherexcepthervoice.

1.

Thestoryismostprobablyadaptedfrom____.D

A.

legendarystories

B.

fairytales

C.

folklore

D.

Greecemythology2.

Narcissus____.A

A.

wasdeeplyinlovewithhimself

B.

refusedEcho'slovecruelly

C.

ranintoabeautifulgirlatalake

D.

madefriendswithEcho3.

Echo____.C

A.

wasabeautifulnymphlivinginwater

B.

lovedNarcissusforhisbeautifulreflection

C.

lovedNarcissusatfirstglance

D.

savedNarcissus'life4.

Narcissusfinallydiedbecause____.C

A.

hecommittedsuicide

B.

Echotookrevengeonhim

C.

hepassedhisreflectiononthewaterforhislover

D.

hewantedtochangeintoflower5.

Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatnarcissusnowadaysrefersto____.A

A.

akindofflowergrowinginwater

B.

tragiclove

C.

akindofflowe